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1

The effect of NaCl concentration on the interaction energy between feldspar minerale

Güven Onur, Can Muhammed Fatih, Karagüzel Cengiz

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2022

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Vol. 58, iss. 5

art. no. 151031

EN

The impact of the usage of monovalent ion concentration on the selective flotation of feldspar minerals has been receiving more attention in recent years. Although many experimental studies have been reported to justify its contribution to their flotation recovery, the effect of particle-particle interaction with theoretical calculations has rarely been studied. The objective of this study was, therefore, to explain the effect of monovalent ion concentration (in particular NaCl) on interactions between albite and microcline particles with a theoretical model based on the classical DLVO. The theoretical modeling results suggested that controlling the monovalent ion concentration not only adjusts the energy barrier between particles but also can be used to determine the critical salt concentration for further tests.

2

Role of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase In NaCl tolerance in eelgrass (Zostera marina L.)

Lv Xinfang, Wang Xinlei, Pan Jie, Deng Wenhao, Li Yuchun

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2022

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Vol. 29, nr 1

111--125

EN

Nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrite reductase (NiR) play important roles in nitrate assimilation in plants. Previous studies have indicated that NR and NiR in eelgrass may contribute to its NaCl tolerance. This study investigated the expression characteristics and the biological functions of NR and NiR in eelgrass (Zostera marina), named as ZmNR and ZmNiR, were cloned, characterised and overexpressed in both bacteria and tobacco. The open reading frames of ZmNR and ZmNiR contain 2628 and 1773 nucleotides that encode 875 and 590 amino acids respectively. Amino acid sequence alignment indicated that the purported ZmNR and ZmNiR proteins presented low homology with other plant NR and NiR sequences. Real-time quantitative PCR revealed that the expression of ZmNR and ZmNiR was supressed when exposed to low salinity and induced by high salinity. Further physiological analyses demonstrated that blocking nitrate assimilation by adding Na2WO4 in eelgrass reduced its tolerance to NaCl stress. The heterologous expression of the ZmNR and ZmNiR genes in Escherichia coli and Nicotiana benthamiana could confer tolerance to NaCl stress. Physiological and growth analyses suggested that ZmNR and ZmNiR in plants could resist NaCl stress by regulating various physiological pathways and biochemical processes triggered by nitric oxide (NO). Taken together, these results suggested that NR-dependent NO synthesis may play an important role in NaCl tolerance in eelgrass.

3

Influence of NaCl Additive on the Reduction Process of MoO3 to Mo2C by High-Purity CO Gas

Que Biao-Hua, Wang Lu, Wang Bao, Chen Yi, Xue Zheng-Liang

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2022

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Vol. 67, iss. 2

787--796

EN

In this work, influence of NaCl additive on the transformation process of MoO3 to Mo2C under pure CO atmosphere in the range of room temperature to 1170 K was investigated. The results showed that transformation of MoO3 to Mo2C can be roughly divided into two stages: the reduction of MoO3 to MoO2 (the first stage) and the carburization of MoO2 to Mo2C (the second stage). As to the first stage, it was found that increasing the content of NaCl (from 0 to 0.5 wt.%) was beneficial for the increase of reaction rate due to the nucleation effect; while when the content of NaCl increased to 2 wt.%, the reaction rate will be decreased in turn. As to the second stage, the results showed that reaction rate was decreased with the increase of NaCl, which may be due to the formation of low-melting point eutectic. The work also found that morphology of as-prepared Mo2C was irregular and particle size of it was gradually increased with increasing the NaCl content. According to the results, the possible reaction mechanism was proposed.

4

Electrokinetic remediation technology of heavy metal contaminated soil based on improving soil electrical conductivity

Liu Jiangang, Zhang Wei, Liu Mingwei, Zhang Hao

Environment Protection Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 47, nr 4

5--17

EN

An electrokinetic remediation technique taking Cr(VI) as an example is proposed to improve the conductivity of contaminated soil, which significantly increases the current density in the soil. The improvement of soil conductivity was achieved by continuous spraying of NaCl solution with a concentration of 4 g·dm–3 on the soil surface. The distances of electrode pairs were 2.0 m and 1.5 m, respectively. The heavy metal-contaminated soil thickness was 25 cm, and the DC power supply voltage was 90 V. The experiment demonstrated that under the condition of continuous spraying of NaCl solution on the soil surface, the current density variation was related to the salt content in the soil, and the current density in the soil generally increased linearly with time. The effectiveness of soil remediation is related to the electric field strength and current density, and there exists an optimal electric field that can reduce the heavy metal content in the soil at any point by minimizing the electric field strength and current density. Most of the heavy metals can be concentrated within a diameter of about 15 cm around the anode under the optimal electric field, which can be remediated after removing the soil.

5

Use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to study corrosion of Ni/Al2O3/PTFE composite coatings in NaCl and CMA solutions

Kucharska Beata, Sobiecki Jerzy Robert

Ochrona przed Korozją

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2020

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nr 6

184--188

EN

The main goal of this research was the characterization of corrosion properties of the nickel-nano-alumina-polytetrafluoroethylene (Ni/ Al2O3/PTFE) composite coatings. The layers were produced by electrochemical method in base and modified by organic additive Watts bath. Nickel and Ni/Al2O3 coatings were also produced with the same process parameters and analysed for comparison purposes. The surface topography was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to estimate the corrosion resistance in two anti-icing environments: sodium chloride (NaCl) and calcium magnesium acetate (CMA). Nyquist and Bode diagrams obtained by the impedance spectroscopy method were established. The equivalent electric circuit and its electrochemical parameters were determined to interpret impedance spectra. The completed studies have shown that the Ni/Al2O3/PTFE composite coatings produced in the base Watts bath are characterized by the best corrosion resistance in a NaCl solution compared to the other investigated coatings. The Ni/Al2O3/PTFE coatings deposited in modified Watts bath has the worst corrosion characteristics in NaCl as well as in CMA environments which is due to their surface development and porosity. The performed studies indicate a different corrosion mechanism in two examined electrolytes.

PL

Głównym celem badań było określenie właściwości korozyjnych powłok kompozytowych nikiel-nano-tlenek glinu-politetrafluoroetylen (Ni/Al2O3/PTFE). Warstwy były osadzane metodą elektrochemiczną w podstawowej i modyfikowanej dodatkiem organicznym kąpieli Wattsa. W celach porównawczych wytwarzano również powłoki niklowe i Ni/Al2O3 stosując te same parametry procesowe. Przy użyciu skaningowej mikroskopii elektronowej (SEM) oceniono topografię powierzchni. Do określenia odporności korozyjnej w dwóch środowiskach odladzających: chlorku sodu (NaCl) oraz octanie magnezowo--wapniowym (CMA) zastosowano elektrochemiczną spektroskopię impedancyjną. Przedstawione zostały uzyskane metodą EIS wykresy Nyquista i Bodego. Do interpretacji widm impedancyjnych wykorzystano elektryczne układy zastępcze i wyznaczone za ich pomocą parametry elektrochemiczne. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że powłoki kompozytowe Ni/Al2O3/PTFE wytwarzane w kąpieli bazowej charakteryzują się najlepszą odpornością korozyjną w roztworze NaCl w porównaniu do wszystkich innych badanych powłok. Powłoki Ni/Al2O3/PTFE osadzane w modyfikowanej kąpieli Wattsa mają najgorsze charakterystyki korozyjne, zarówno w środowisko NaCl, jak i w CMA, co jest spowodowane ich rozwinięciem powierzchni i porowatością. Zrealizowane badania wskazują na różny mechanizm korozyjny w dwóch testowanych elektrolitach.

6

The Concentration of the Salinity Indicators in the Water of the Bystrzyca River on the Area of Lublin City in Poland

Jóźwiakowska Karolina, Brodowska Natalia, Wójcik Mateusz, Listosz Agnieszka, Micek Agnieszka, Marzec Michał, Pochwatka Patrycja

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 7

58--67

EN

The aim of the study was to assess the concentration of salinity indicators in the Bystrzyca River in the city of Lublin, located in south-eastern Poland. The studies on the quality of water from the river were carried out from November 2018 to June 2019, i.e. in winter and spring. The water samples for analysis were taken from 9 measurement points located on the river under bridges and at high traffic roads. In total, 8 series of analyses were carried out, during which 72 water samples from the Bystrzyca River were examined. The samples were analyzed in terms of: water temperature, pH value, conductivity as well as concentration of chlorides and sulfates. An increase in both the specific conductivity and chloride and sulfate concentrations was found in the water from the Bystrzyca River during the period of low air temperatures (≤0°C), i.e. in December 2018 and January 2019. This may be a result of winter road maintenance procedures, i.e. by using salts for their defrosting. At the same time, an increase in the conductivity value and the concentration of chlorides and sulfates was observed with the course of the river, which indicates that the pollution generated in the city of Lublin has a negative impact on the water quality in the studied river. The salinity of the Bystrzyca River was greatly affected by the operation of the municipal wastewater treatment plant in Hajdów, especially by the use of coagulants: polyglycol chloride (PAX 18) and iron sulfate (PIX 113).

7

An investigation of air/water interface in mixed aqueous solutions of KCl, NaCl, and DAH

Gungoren Can

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2019

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Vol. 55, iss. 5

1259--1270

EN

Flotation of soluble salts such as borax, potash, and trona is carried out in their saturated solutions. The high ion concentration of the flotation suspension can affect the floatability of the minerals as well as the coalescence behaviors of the bubbles. The bubble coalescence can be inhibited in the presence of dissolved ions at high ion concentrations as well as with the use of surfactants. In this study, the effect of the mixtures of KCl, NaCl, and dodecyl amine hydrochloride (DAH) on air/water interface was investigated with surface tension and bubble coalescence time measurements for potash flotation. The surface tension measurements indicated that lower surface tension values obtained with mixed KCl and NaCl solutions than their single solutions. In addition, the surface tension of the mixed KCl and NaCl solutions increased with the NaCl and the ionic strength of the solution. The dynamic surface tension measurements indicated that while ion adsorption on air/water interface was so fast, DAH molecules required more time for adsorption probably related to the viscosity of the solution. In addition, the bubble coalescence time measurements showed that the bubble coalescence could be inhibited with the use of DAH in the absence and presence of KCl and NaCl. In the absence of DAH, the bubble coalescence time was determined as 100 ms, 270 ms, and 650 ms, respectively for 100% KCl, 100% NaCl, and 50%KCl+50% NaCl salt solutions. Therefore, the trend in the success of the salt solutions for the inhibition of bubble coalescence can be written as 100%KCl<50%KCl+50%NaCl<100% NaCl according to the bubble coalescence time. The results of this study indicated that there was no clear relationship between the surface tension and the inhibition of the bubble coalescence. However, the bubble coalescence time measurements showed that while the bubble coalescence time was 650 ms in the presence of Na+ ions, it was 100 ms in the presence of K+ ions 100 ms. It can be concluded from the results obtained from this study that the bubble coalescence phenomena may be managed by the specific ion pairing types in solutions which significantly affect the flotation recovery of minerals.

8

The corrosion resistance of laser surface alloyed stainless steels

Brytan Z.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 91, nr 2

49--59

EN

Purpose: of this paper was to examine the corrosion resistance of laser surface alloyed (LSA) stainless steels using electrochemical methods in 1M NaCl solution and 1M H2SO4 solution. The LSA conditions and alloying powder placement strategies on the material's corrosion resistance were evaluated. Design/methodology/approach: In the present work the sintered stainless steels of different microstructures (austenitic, ferritic and duplex) where laser surface alloyed (LSA) with elemental alloying powders (Cr, FeCr, Ni, FeNi) and hard powders (SiC, Si3N4) to obtain a complex steel microstructure of improved properties. Findings: The corrosion resistance of LSA stainless steels is related to process parameters, powder placing strategy, that determines dilution rate of alloying powders and resulting steel microstructure. The duplex stainless steel microstructure formed on the surface layer of austenitic stainless steel during LSA with Cr and FeCr reveal high corrosion resistance in 1M NaCl solution. The beneficial effect on corrosion resistance was also revealed for LSA with Si3N4 for studied steels in both NaCl and H2SO4 solutions. Ferritic stainless steel alloyed with Ni, FeNi result in a complex microstructure, composed of austenite, ferrite, martensite depending on the powder dilution rate, also can improve the corrosion resistance of the LSA layer. Research limitations/implications: The LSA process can be applied for single phase stainless steels as an easy method to improve surface properties, elimination of porosity and densification and corrosion resistance enhancement regarding as sintered material. Practical implications: The LSA of single phase austenitic stainless steel in order to form a duplex microstructure on the surface layers result in reasonably improved corrosion performance. Originality/value: The original LSA process of stainless steels (austenitic, ferritic and duplex) was studied regarding corrosion resistance of the alloyed layer in chloride and sulphate solutions.

9

Investigation of the role of the production process on the luminescence of sea salt products

Hunter P. G., Spooner N. A.

Geochronometria

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2017

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Vol. 44, no. 1

121--128

EN

Luminescence dosimetry assumes samples of a given material with diverse provenances behave in a predictable manner, allowing a standardised testing protocol, such as SAR for quartz, to be employed. This article demonstrates that distinct salt products derived from a single manufacturer’s feedstock retain comparable luminescence behaviour. This is the basis of a standardised test protocol: uniting testing procedures which have been shown to be individually applicable. Generalization across samples from different manufacturers and processes is currently under investigation.Luminescent evaluation of five samples produced by Cheetham & Co. gave useful intensities for all emission bands (590 nm, 420 nm and 360 nm TL and blue stimulated OSL), with the spectral and intensity balance of emissions generally similar for each sample. 590 nm emission sensitization was noted after preheating samples to 135°C and 300°C for five minutes. But, the 360 nm TL emission from feedstock salt was a factor of five greater than the same signal from the other processed samples despite the OSL intensity being similar to the other samples.Spectrum variation between aliquots as measured by the 3D TL spectrometer was also investigated and found to be minimal for both the first and second TL glow cycles.

10

Effect of xenobiotics in the soil on the germination of maize

Parus A., Szulc P., Zbytek Z.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 61, nr 4

92--95

EN

The study focused an assessing the influence of xenobiotics, such as NaCl and diesel oil on germination and early development of maize (Zea mays L.). Through the test the seed germination and growth inhibition of shoot and root of maize were evaluated. The experiments were carried out at different xenobiotics concentration and their mix. It was observed that the presence solely of compounds did not toxic for root growth, but i increase in their concentration caused decreasing of seed germination and root and shoot development. Both sodium chloride and diesel oil were more toxic for shoot and strongly inhibited its growth. The addition of diesel oil to soil contaminated with sodium chloride caused strongest inhibition of seed germination and plant growth.

PL

W pracy zostały przedstawione wyniki badań, których celem była ocena wpływu ksenobiotyków, takich jak chlorek sodu i olej napędowy na kiełkowanie i wczesny rozwój kukurydzy (Zea mays L.). Analiza toksyczności związków chemicznych została przeprowadzona na podstawie oceny hamowania kiełkowania nasion oraz wzrostu pędu i korzenia roślin. Doświadczenie przeprowadzono przy różnych stężeniach ksenobiotyków i ich mieszaniny. Stwierdzono, że jedynie obecność małych dawek związków nie jest toksyczna dla kiełkowania i początkowego wzrostu i rozwoju kukurydzy, ale zwiększenie ich stężenia spowodowało obniżenie zdolności kiełkowania nasion oraz rozwoju korzeni i łodyg. Zarówno obecność chlorku sodu, jak i oleju napędowego w glebie były bardziej toksyczne dla łodyg i silnie hamowały ich wzrost. Uprawa kukurydzy w glebie zanieczyszczonej zarówno olejem napędowym jak i chlorkiem sodu wykazywała silniejszą inhibicję kiełkowanie nasion i roślin wzrostu w stosunku do upraw prowadzonych na glebie zawierającej jeden rodzaj zanieczyszczenia.

11

Wpływ prac wiertniczych na właściwości gleb oraz stan zdrowotny drzew w rejonie kopalni soli „Solino” S.A. w Górze k. Inowrocławia

Hulisz P., Cyzman W.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Uniwersytet Zielonogórski

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2015

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nr 157 (37)

14--25

PL

Celem niniejszej pracy była analiza wpływu prac wiertniczych prowadzonych na terenie Kopalni Soli „Solino” S.A. w Górze k. Inowrocławia na właściwości gleb oraz stan drzewostanu. Badania wykazały, że prace te, głównie poprzez oddziaływanie aerozoli, miały wyraźny wpływ na wzrost zasolenia analizowanych gleb. Wartości ECe nie wykazywały jednak związku z odległością od miejsca odwiertu, co mogło sugerować okresowy wpływ płytko zalegających wód glebowo-gruntowych. Uruchomienie odwiertu przyczyniło się do pogorszenia się stanu zdrowotnego drzew w najbliższym otoczeniu wieży wiertniczej. W przylegającej do niej strefie o średnicy około 50 m większość egzemplarzy drzew cechowała się ubytkiem aparatu asymilacyjnego od 26% do nawet ponad 60% (stopień uszkodzeń średni i silny). Zawartość Na i Cl w liściach i gałązkach drzew rosnących w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie wiertni była kilkunastokrotnie wyższa niż oznaczona na powierzchni referencyjnej.

EN

This paper aimed at analysing the influence of salt drilling operation on soil properties and the state of health of trees. The study was conducted in the area of the salt mine in Góra near Inowrocław (north-central Poland). Due to the impact of aerosols, the high salt accummulation in soils in the 50 m zone around the drilling site was stated. However, the ECe values, showed no relation with the distance from that site. It could suggest seasonal influence of shallow saline ground water. The salt drilling operation contributed to the deterioration of the health condition of trees in the immediate vicinity of the borehole. Most trees were characterized by loss of assimilation apparatus from 26% to as much as over 60% (degree of damage to the medium and strong). The content of Na and Cl in the leaves and twigs of trees growing nearest the drilling site was several times higher than recorded in the reference area.

12

Lignite cleaning in NaCl solutions by the reverse flotation technique

Zhang H., Liu Q.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2015

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Vol. 51, iss. 2

695--706

EN

A cleaning possibility of low (BD) and high ash content (IM) lignites in NaCl solutions using a reverse flotation technique was studied. Preliminary test results indicated that BD lignite cannot be cleaned effectively in the traditional manner because gangue was floated first rather than a combustible material. Further studies indicated that the lignite cleaning in NaCl solutions using the reverse flotation technique is possible. However, a large quantity of dodecyl amine hydrochloride (DAH) was required. A lower ash content in a concentrate can be obtained by addition of NaCl. A concentrate yield can be im-proved by addition of starch. Under the test conditions, for BD lignite with the ash content in the feed 15.19%, the ash content in the concentrate 11.44% and the concentrate yield 67.38% were obtained. Similarly, for IM lignite with the ash content in the feed 57.40%, the ash content in the concentrate 32.90% and the concentrate yield 25.08% were obtained. The flotation rate constant k and maximum ash recovery ε∞ significantly increased with the NaCl concentration.

13

Biosynteza erytrytolu z glicerolu przez Yarrowia lipolytica Wratislavia 1.31

Rywińska A., Tomaszewska L., Marcinkiewicz M., Rymowicz W.

Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna

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2012

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Nr 4

179-181

PL

Celem pracy było zbadanie wpływu NaCl na biosyntezę erytrytolu z glicerolu przez szczep Y. lipolytica Wratislavia 1.31. W hodowlach wstrząsanych zbadano wpływ stężenia NaCl, w zakresie 0 - 8%. Najlepsze wyniki uzyskano przy 2,5% dodatku NaCl. W hodowlach bioreaktorowych, przy wykorzystaniu glicerolu odpadowego, stężenie erytrytolu wynosiło 67,5 g•dm-3, a wydajność i szybkość objętościowa jego produkcji odpowiednio 0,46 g•g-1, i 0,68 g•dm-3h-1.

EN

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of NaCl on erythritol production from glycerol by Wratislavia 1.31 strain of Y. lipolytica. The effect of NaCl for concentration ranging from 0% to 8%, was investigated shake-flasks experiment. The best results were achieved at 2.5% of NaCl. In crude glycerol-containing media the erythritol production of 67.5 g•dm-3, corresponding to 0.28 g•g-1, yield and the productivity of 0.68 g•dm-3hr-1 was achieved.

14

Effect of Salt Stress on Rosa ‘New Dawn’ in in vitro Culture

Pawłowska B., Bach A.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2010

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Vol. 17, nr 9

1171-1178

EN

Salt stress is one of the main causes of plant damage in horticulture and tree die back in cities. It can be of natural origin but most often is due to human activity, eg uncontrolled fertilization or the use excessive amounts of salt for winter maintenance of streets and pavements. Plants are selected for resistance to salt, and laboratory in vitro techniques proved very useful for this purpose. The present experiments aimed to determine tolerance of roses Rosa ‘New Dawn’ to salt. The effect of sodium and calcium chloride on plant growth and shoot development in ‘New Dawn’ rose in in vitro cultures was examined. The plants were cultured on the QL medium containing 5 ěM BA, 0.05 ěM NAA, 0.3 ěM GA3 and 20 g dm–3 sucrose, pH = 5.6, supplemented with NaCl or CaCl2 (at concentrations 0–400 mM). The media containing increasing concentrations of salts under study showed inhibitory effect on regeneration and multiplication of rose shoots. CaCl2 was less toxic than NaCl. An increase in medium salinity, independently of the salt tested, reduced the height of newly grown shoots and the number of leaves. Moreover, the proportion of chlorotic, deformed or necrotic leaves increased with the increasing salt concentration. The media did not affect shoot fresh mass index or fresh-to-dry mass ratio, which remained at the same level independently of chloride concentration in medium.

PL

Stres solny jest jednym z głównych czynnikow powodujących uszkodzenia roślin w uprawach ogrodniczych, a także obumieranie drzew w miastach. Może być wynikiem naturalnych procesów, ale najczęściej zachodzi pod wpływem działalności człowieka, np. nieracjonalnego nawożenia lub używania zimą dużych ilości soli w celu usuwania oblodzenia drog i chodnikow. Przydatna w badaniu selekcyjnym reakcji roślin na zasolenie okazała sie technika laboratoryjna in vitro. W przeprowadzonych doświadczeniach określano tolerancje róż Rosa �eNew Dawn�f na zasolenie.

15

Wpływ chlorku sodu (NaCl) na właściwości recyklatów stosowanych na elementy samochodowe

Ciesielska D., Czarnecka-Komorowska D.

Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna

|

2006

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Nr 3 sp.

12-13

EN

The influence of sodium chloride (NaCl) on mechanical properties of recycled PS used in the production of car elements is presented in the paper. The sodium chloride concentration in water and the dipping time of the recycled polystyrene in the solution were changeable parameters. It was found that properties of recycled PS slightly worsened during the dynamic load and no influence was observed during the static load.

16

Wpływ NaCl na mrozoodporność siewek żyta odmiany Amilo

Matuszak R., Brzóstowicz A.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2005

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R. 9, nr 4

15--22

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczących wpływu zasolenia podłoża na mrozoodporność siewek żyta odmiany Amilo. Doświadczenie prowadzono w warunkach kontrolowanych, na pożywce Hoaglanda, zmodyfikowanej dodatkiem NaCl w stężeniach: 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 i 150 mmol·dm-3. Metodą luminescencyjną wykazano, że w siewkach żyta, hartowanych na niską temperaturę, które rosły na pożywce z dodatkiem NaCl blokowanie transportu elektronowego zachodziło w niższej temperaturze niż u roślin kontrolnych. Gradient potencjału na błonach tylakoidalnych niehartowanych i hartowanych siewek żyta nie zależał od zasolenia. Metodą konduktometryczną stwierdzono, że odporność błon komórkowych siewek żyta na niską temperaturę zmniejszała się pod wpływem NaCl, zarówno siewek niehartowanych jak i hartowanych.

EN

The influence of salt stress on frost resistance of winter rye, cultivar Amilo seedlings was studied. Plants were grown on Hoagland medium, containing NaCl in concentrations: 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 150 mmol·dm-3. By detection of delayed luminescence one drew the conclusion, that blocking electron transport in hardened plants occured at lower temperature in seedlings exposed to salinity than in control plants. Gradient of potential induced on thylacoid membranes in unhardened and hardened plants practically did not depend on salinity. Conductometric method showed that the used solutions of NaCl decreased the sensibility of the seedlings to low temperature both the unhardened and hardened plants.