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Analiza danych przyrodniczych i koncepcja monitoringu na przykLadzie ekspansji trzciny pospolitej w Narwianskim Parku Narodowym

Próchnicki P.

Roczniki Geomatyki

2004

T. 2, z. 2

200-208

The Narew River valley within the boundaries of the Narew National Park has great natural values. This is the last part of the valley, which is not damaged by land reclamation works. It has the character of an open peatland ecosystem. A unique phenomenon of the Park.s nature is the specific system of hydrologic relations (anastomosing system), the naturalness of site conditions, abundance of fauna and flora. Formerly, tall-sedges plant communities were predominant kind of the Park.s vegetation. Recently, substitution of tall-sedges for high-rushes that chiefly consist of common reed have been observed. Overgrowing with reed is dangerous because it decreases the biodiversity of the Park's ecosystem. Considering the biological property of the common reed and traits of the Narew ecosystem, the main hypothesis was that intensity of the reed.s expansion is dependent on density of the river-bed in the valley. To establish the range of Phragmites communities, aerial photographs from the growing season - dated 1987 and 1997 - were interpreted. These vegetation distributions are mapped and digitized into a GIS application. An overlay of these Phragmites ranges is used to determine reed.s acreage and intensification of changes of the Park.s vegetation. Additionally, on the base of 1997.s aerial photos the map of Narew river-bed was made to prove the hypothesis the main problem of the spatial data analysis was preparation of derivative data which would be possible to statistical assessment. Application of cartogram method provided solution of the problem. The cartogram was built of regular fields (500 x 500 m) and was introduced to the GIS. The measuring of rushes area and river-bed length was carried out in each field. The series of measurement were used to generate thematic cartogram and for statistical purposes. The cartographic measurement has showed an increase of the area of reed.s rushes by 16% within 10 years. The spread of these rushes varies within the boundary of the Narew valley. A visual analysis of the cartogram allows to conclude that there is a relationship between the area of reed rushes and river-bed density. The statistical analysis proved this observation. The to more to the bank-line of the river-bed, the more reed rushes covered given area. Furthermore, the introduced cartogram may serve as monitoring tool. By gathering spatial data and establishing relationships we can designate crucial field to reed.s expansion. Measurement of the increase of reed.s area may be interpolated at the whole valley.