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Reakcja roślinności na chłodne oscylacje klimatyczne podczas holocenu : wstępne wyniki analizy pyłkowej osadów Jeziora Bocznego (Kraina Wielkich Jezior Mazurskich)

Żuk-Kempa Edyta, Fiłoc Magdalena, Kupryjanowicz Mirosława

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 10

530--532

EN

This article presents the preliminary results of palynological research, the main objectives of which were to study the climate changes impact on the vegetation from end last glaciation to the present day in the Great Masurian Lakes District. In the pollen diagram from the Lake Boczne profile, 12 local pollen assemblage zones (LPAZ) were distinguished. The pollen zoneand subzones illustrate successive stages of vegetation development around Lake Boczne. The existence of a sedimentary gap in the analysed profile covering a significant part of the Middle Holocene was documented, which could be associated with a cooling and/or a more humid climate. Moreover, some changes in the pollen record may have reflected changes in vegetation due to cold climate oscillations.

2

3D geological and potential field modelling of the buried alkaline-carbonatite Tajno massif (East European Craton, NE Poland)

Petecki Zdzisław, Rosowiecka Olga, Krzemiński Leszek

Geological Quarterly

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2022

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Vol. 66, No. 1

art. no. 10

EN

Geological and geophysical data are used to model the 3D geometry of the Tajno alkaline massif intruded during the Early Carboniferous in NE Poland. The massif consists mainly of pyroxenite, mafic intrusive and volcanic rocks, and carbonatites containing rare earth elements (REE) and other important mineral resources. The deep structure of the massif, and its thickness, shape and internal structure, has been poorly known making it impossible to properly search for useful mineral resources. In order to better constrain the distribution, geometries and relationships between the main rock types, a 3D geological model of the Tajno massif has been developed. The input data comprise a set of geological cross-sections built on an updated subsurface geological map, and borehole, magnetic and gravity data. 3D Geomodeller software was applied to integrate geological data into a coherent and geologically feasible model of the massif using geostatistical analysis. The magnetic and gravity data were used to constrain the 3D geological modelling results. The final 3D model is thus compatible with the geological data, as well as with geophysical data. The most important conclusions obtained from the modelling are as follows: (i) a higher proportion of nepheline syenites or tuffs and pyroclastic breccia in relation to pyroxenites; and, (ii) a smaller proportion of chimney breccia relative to chimney-hosted tuffs and volcanic breccia than proposed in previous geological interpretation. These results are important for further studies on the evolution of the Tajno massif and its associated carbonatites.

3

A history of interdisciplinary research on Lake Wigry

Aleksander-Kwaterczak Urszula, Król Katarzyna

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2021

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Vol. 47, no. 2

109--117

EN

Lake Wigry is one of the best explored lakes in Poland, a feat which has been achieved thanks to the passion and efforts of numerous scientists. This tremendous endeavour was supervised and coordinated by Professor Jacek Rutkowski and January 2021 marked the fifth anniversary of the professor’s death. To mark this occasion, a history of research on the lake was compiled on the basis of oral accounts and an overview of the works that have been created thanks to his ideas, supervision, and boundless empathy. It is crucial to continue the research, since it will allow for the even better protection of the environment, as well as the natural and landscape attributes of the Wigry region.

4

Identyfikacja domieszek V, Co, Ni i Au w minerałach kruszcowych rud Fe-Ti-V (NE Polska) na podstawie analiz mikrosondą rentgenowską (EMPA)

Sadłowska Katarzyna, Mikulski Stanisław Z.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2019

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Vol. 67, nr 3

192--195

EN

The main objective of this study was to quantitatively and qualitatively idenify trace metal admixtures in ore mineralsfrom Fe-Ti-V ore deposits within the Suwałki Anorthosite Massifin NE Poland. Chemical composition of ore minerals was determined using the CAMECA SX-100 electron microprobe and scanning electron microscope. The most abundant trace elements were Ti and Vhosted in oxides and Co, Ni, Cu, Zn contained in sulphides such aspentlandite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, siegenite, millerite. Scarce occurrences of native Bi, hessite and greenockite were identified. Samples, which were depleted in iron oxides were enriched in REE due to the presence of zircon, apatite and monazite.

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Wstępne rozpoznanie obwódek cyrkonowo-hafnowych wokół minerałów kruszcowych w złożach Fe-Ti-V w suwalskim masywie anortozytowym (północno-wschodnia Polska)

Ruszkowski M., Wiszniewska J.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2018

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Vol. 66, nr 2

107--110

EN

Zirconium-hafnium rims were discovered and described for the first time within the Suwalki Anorthosite Massif (SAM). They are observed at boundaries of Fe-Ti oxides ilmenite, hematitoilmenite and titanomagnetite with plagioclases. The most frequent forms reach 80-250 μm in length and 4-30 μm in width. These are narrow rims covering even up to 70% ore mineral grains. The most spectacular forms were "blown candle flame” structures. Their average width ranges from 20 to 45 μm and the length exceeds 350 μm in . Chemical composition analysis was carried out on the largest clusters of zircon crystals/rims which show high local enrichment in Hf (0.5-0.8% by weight). The boundaries of these crystals are cracked and blurry. This may suggest their participation in later fluids inflow processes within the rocks. The enrichment in hafnium content in zircon grains, is related to significant reduction in the amount of Th, U and Pb and increased amount- sof Ti and Fe in zircon rims. A large variety of forms and variability of their chemical composition point to a complex physical chemical orgin process.

6

Najpłytsze podłoże krystaliczne polskiej części platformy wschodnioeuropejskiej w strefie podlaskiej

Cymerman Z.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 12

1529--1535

EN

The intensive development of studies on the crystalline basement of the Polish part of the East European Platform started only in the mid-1950s. These studies were based on geophysical research that preceded planned deep drilling projects. Twenty-five drill holes were located along four sections called: Białowieża, Kruszyniany, Sokółka and Krasnopol. The aim of this article is to re-evaluate drilling materials in the light of a variety of data, mainly structural data obtained from 20 boreholes from the first three "drilling sections”. All these sections were located on the Belarus-Lithuanian Elevation where the crystalline basement occurs at the shallowest depths. Special attention was paid to the recognition of ductile shear zones, SM foliation, LM mineral lineation and kinematic indicators. The results of the studies made it possible to identify the direction of tectonic transport, mainly with the top-to-SW, S and W, and deformation regimes in the boreholes of the Podlasie Belt. The main deformations have been related to a compressional regime in the amphibolite and granulite facies of regional metamorphism during the Svecofennian orogeny. It is suggested for the future to combine the research efforts of specialists from different fields of geological sciences. However, due to the scarcity of core material from old drillings, the most important are new deep boreholes that will provide a lot of drilling material to explain the geological structure and the evolution of the Proterozoic basement of NE Poland.

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Badania geochronologiczne skał podłoża krystalicznego na obszarze północno-wschodniej Polski : przegląd i podsumowanie

Jarmołowicz-Szulc K.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 12

1536--1539

EN

Since the mid-1950s, when Jerzy Znosko started his huge contribution to the recognition of the crystalline basement of NE Poland, many different studies have followed the planned and implemented drilling projects. The drillings, conducted in the first decade under the leadership of Professor Znosko and under his description of the results, were further worked out by other researchers. Studies concerned petrological, geochemical and miner- alogical aspects. In that fan of methods applied, geochronological data started to be introduced to the bibliography of the area in the early 1960s. Geochronological methods that time mean mostly K-Ar and some Rb-Sr values. These materials are gathered in the paper aiming at its presentation, re-valuation and interpretation in terms of the significance of such data for further development of knowledge.

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Postglacial morpholineaments as an indicator of ice sheet dynamics during the Saale Glaciation in the Białystok Plateau and Sokółka Hills (NE Poland)

Rychel J., Morawski M.

Geological Quarterly

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2017

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Vol. 61, No. 2

334--349

EN

The palaeogeographical reconstruction of the deglaciation process in NE Poland during the Odranian Glaciation Wartanian Stadial (Saale MIS 6) is based mainly on the analysis of glacial morpholineaments, performed using the GIS programs that provide us with better understanding of the glacial landscape evolution, spatial reconstruction of glacial processes, and postglacial landscape development. Analysis of postglacial morpholineaments was carried out based on the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) as well as geological, geomorphological and topographic maps. It resulted in the delimitation of visible linear postglacial landforms, their identification and classification, and the determination of their genetic and chronological relations. Directions of the lineaments were determined through quantitative analysis. Qualitative analysis was applied to determine the spatial and temporal sequence of events, directions of ice movement and its range. Two glacial lobes, Biebrza and Neman, existed in the north-western part of the Białystok Plateau and Sokółka Hills during the last glacial advance. The lobed nature of the ice sheet can be confirmed by field data collected from, e.g., sites in Knyszewicze, and by topographic analysis of Quaternary sediments, combined with their thickness and genesis. The obtained reconstruction of the last glacial advance and retreat in the study area can be used in further regional discussions on the character and dynamics of the last glaciation in this region.

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Non-pollen palynomorphs characteristic for the dystrophic stage of humic lakes in the Wigry National Park, NE Poland

Fiłoc M., Kupryjanowicz M.

Studia Quaternaria

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2015

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Vol. 32, Nr 1

31--41

EN

The numerous dystrophic (humic) lakes are a very important feature of Wigry National Park, NE Poland. As the most recent palaeoecological data indicate, at the beginning of its development (in the Late Glacial and Early and Middle Holocene) these water bodies functioned as harmonious lakes, and their transformation into dystrophic lakes and the stabilization of the trophic state took place at the beginning of the Subboreal. Palynological analysis of sediments from two such lakes (Lake Ślepe and Lake Suchar II), with special emphasis on non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs), was aimed at a detailed biological characterization of dystrophic lakes during their long-lasting existence. The obtained results allowed for the designation of organisms characteristic for dystrophic lakes, of which representatives appeared with the decreasing pH of the water and the formation of Sphagnum peat around lakes. These organisms were divided into four groups: algae, fungi, testate amoebas, and animals. Their representatives appear in various developmental stages of dystrophic lakes.

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History of development and terrestrialization of Lake Starowlany in the Eemian Interglacial on the basis of Cladocera analysis (Sokółka Hills, NE Poland)

Niska M., Kołodziej A.

Studia Quaternaria

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2015

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Vol. 32, Nr 1

43--52

EN

This paper presents development of the paleolake Starowlany existing in the Eemian Interglacial (MIS 5e) in north-eastern Poland. The lake history is based on Cladocera analysis. The paleolake Starowlany is located in the central part of the Sokółka Hills, approximately 9 km north of the town of Sokółka in the North Podlasie Lowland. The sediments studied filled a southern part of a tunnel valley formed during the Warta Glaciation. The coring was carried out with a geological drilling and constituted a part of the framework aimed at preparing the Sokółka sheet for the Detailed Geological Map of Poland in scale 1:50 000. The core was 7 m long. Peaty silt, peats and organic silt were present at the depth of 4.0–6.6 m, under deluvial sands, tills and silt. Organic series was overlain by a clayey silt with no glacial cover. Cladocera analysis was conducted with 20 samples from a depth interval 6.6–4.1 m. Remains of 17 species of Cladocera were found, representing the families: Chydoridae, Sididae and Bosminidae. A vast majority of them were the littoral species. In the paleolake Starowlany four development zones were distinguished that reflected changes as regards temperature, trophic levels and changes of water level in the lake. The paleolake existed from the early until the middle Eemian. The highest water level and the most favorable conditions for zooplankton development occurred in zones SCZ I and II. The highest trophic level took place in SCZ III (middle Eemian). In the late Eemian the water level dropped and the paleolake was transformed into a wetland. At certain points, the higher water level enabled existence of a few Cladocera species. The reasons for disappearance of the paleolake Starowlany included a local decrease in groundwater levels as well as morphometric and geological characteristics of the lake.

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Dom wiejski we wsi gminnej Rossosz we wspomnieniach mieszkańców (komunikat naukowy)

Bujnik M.

Architecturae et Artibus

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2015

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Vol. 7, no. 1

5--9

PL

W pracy zaprezentowano informacje o ludowej kulturze budowlanej we wsi Rossosz. Na podstawie wspomnień mieszkańców (Romana i Eugenii Bujnik) opisano zwyczaje i tradycje związane z użytkowaniem nieistniejącego już stuletniego domu w tej wsi. Potwierdzono, że forma i konstrukcja tego obiektu nawiązywały do dawnych tradycji budowlanych na terenie Lubelszczyzny i południowego Podlasia. Zarejestrowano kilka oryginalnych (w tym również nie znanych dotąd i nie potwierdzonych w literaturze) zwyczajów związanych z użytkowaniem domu.

EN

The short research paper refers to vernacular building culture in Rossosz. The relevant lore sphere has been also studied, according to the memories and reminiscences of Roman Bujnik and Eugenia Bujnik, who used to inhabit an old house in that village (the house ceased to exist a few years ago). It is concluded, that the construction and forms of that house were rooted in the local building traditions; similarly, the lore was also relevant to the local traditions of home inhabiting. Nevertheless, a few unique vernacular traditions have been also revealed.

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Late Holocene changes in vegetation of the Mrągowo Lakeland (NE Poland) as registered in the pollen record from Lake Salęt

Szal M, Kupryjanowicz M., Wyczółkowski M

Studia Quaternaria

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2014

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Vol. 31, Nr 1

51--60

EN

Pollen analysis of sediments from the upper part of bottom deposits from Lake Salęt allowed reconstruction of main stages of the Late Holocene vegetation transformation in the Mrągowo Lake District (from ca. 3600 cal. years BC) and to correlate some of these changes with immigration and economic activity of local human groups. Significant spreading of secondary semi-natural birch forest, development of hornbeam forest and increasing importance of anthropogenic open communities were the most characteristic features of vegetation evolution. A definite breakdown of elm took place between 2900 and 2500 cal. years BC, slightly after increased contribution of birch in woodlands. Disappearance of hazel around 1200 cal. years BC, accompanied by expansion of hornbeam has been observed and should be linked with activity of the Ząbie-Szestno type culture and the Lusatian culture tribes during the Bronze Age, but not with a climate change. Considerable intensification of settlement processes recorded in the younger part of the Subatlantic chronozone was one of the important reasons that were responsible for quick changes in forest structure. Strong and continued deforestation started as early as the end of the 10th century AD and was substantially intensified in the first half of the 13th century.

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Late Glacial and Holocene vegetation changes in the Wigry National Park, NE Poland - new pollen data from three small dystrophic lakes

Fiłoc M, Kupryjanowicz M., Drzymulska D

Studia Quaternaria

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2014

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Vol. 31, Nr 1

5--16

EN

The main phases of the Late Glacial and Holocene development of vegetation in the Wigry National Park were reconstructed based on the pollen analysis of sediments from three small dystrophic lakes (Lake Suchar Wielki, Lake Suchar II and Lake Slepe). At the current stage of research, the age of the studied deposits was determined by AMS radiocarbon dating of few samples only. This meant that the chronology of the investigated profiles had to be estimated also indirectly using their palynological correlation with a radiometrically well-dated profile from Lake Wigry. The obtained pollen data confirmed the picture of the postglacial vegetation changes of the Wigry National Park, which was based on earlier studies of Lake Wigry. Furthermore, it documented the existence, mainly in the Preboreal and Atlantic chronozones, of temporary changes in vegetation, which might be a reaction to a short-lived cold fluctuations of climate.

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Tadeusz Depciuch : pionier badań geochronologicznych w Polsce

Miecznik J. B.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2014

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Vol. 62, nr 10/1

503--509

EN

Dr Tadeusz Depciuch (1928–2007), geochemist, mineralogist and economic geologist, longtime employee of the Polish Geological Institute in Warsaw, as the first scientist in Poland who conducted a systematic study on isotopic age of crystalline rocks. In 1966, after preliminary age determinations by Dr Jerzy Borucki, he undertook research of crystalline rocks of the Lower Silesian Block, mainly granites, and subsequently of rocks of the basement of the Polish part of the East European Precambrian Platform penetrated in the 1960s and 1970s, as well as igneous rocks of its cover. He used the K-Ar method, applying its volumetric variety on own-designed equipment. Age determinations allowed identifying the magmatic and metamorphic stages of the development of the crystalline basement evolution, and establishing the stratigraphy. They also played an important role in the research on Variscan plutonism in Lower Silesia. Tadeusz Depciuch participated in prospecting for uranium deposits in the Sudetes, using geochemical methods, and studied the origin of some deposits. In 1974–1984, he worked in Africa (Benin) as a UN expert in the field of geochemistry and economic geology.

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Sub-fossil wood from the Rucianka raised bog (NE Poland) as an indicator of climatic changes in the first millennium BC

Barniak J., Krąpiec M., Jurys L.

Geochronometria

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2014

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Vol. 41, no. 1

104--110

EN

The dendrochronological studies were carried out on very well preserved sub-fossil pine wood found in the biogenic deposits of the Rucianka raised bog (NE Poland). Local floating chronol-ogies, covering the period 990-460 cal BC, were dated on the basis of radiocarbon analyses. Growth depressions in annual tree-ring widths indicated periodical deterioration of the environmental condi-tions, which affected tree growth. Identified germination and dying-off phases (GDO) should be re-lated to the wetter climatic periods. The extinction of trees took place during periods of higher groundwater level which, in turn, caused favourable conditions for growth of young pines.

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Zmiany na rynku kruszyw naturalnych żwirowo-piaskowych w północno-wschodniej Polsce w latach 2005-2012

Guzik K., Szlugaj J.

Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN

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2013

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nr 85

105--120

PL

Artykuł prezentuje szczegółowe informacje na temat rynku kruszyw żwirowo-piaskowych północno-wschodniej Polski, obejmującej w prezentowanym ujęciu obszar trzech województw, tj.: podlaskiego, warmińsko-mazurskiego oraz mazowieckiego. Dla każdego z nich przedstawiono rozwój wydobycia i produkcji kruszyw naturalnych żwirowo-piaskowych w latach 2005-2012. Przeanalizowano zmiany bazy zasobowej oraz wskazano największe dotychczas niezagospodarowane złoża kruszyw. Na podstawie danych wielkości wydobycia oraz zasobów przemysłowych oceniono okres wystarczalności zasobów, zwracając uwagę na znaczny wzrost stopnia zagospodarowania zasobów bilansowych. W dalszej części artykułu przedstawiono informacje na temat głównych producentów wraz z asortymentem ich produkcji. Wskazano główne kierunki użytkowania kruszyw, a ponadto oceniono poziom zapotrzebowania na żwiry, mieszanki oraz pospółki w poszczególnych województwach. Rozpatrywane województwa dostarczają łącznie około 20-30% krajowego wydobycia kruszyw naturalnych żwirowo-piaskowych. Ostatnie lata były okresem dynamicznego wzrostu zapotrzebowania na produkowane w regionie piaski i żwiry w związku z realizacją inwestycji w ramach przygotowań do Mistrzostw Europy w Piłce Nożnej oraz Programu Budowy Dróg na lata 2011-2015. Ilość pozyskiwanej kopaliny w ciągu zaledwie trzech lat, tj. 2009-2011, uległa podwojeniu i osiągnęła najwyższy w historii poziom 69 mln t, z ograniczeniem do 43 mln t w 2012 r. Największe wydobycie kruszyw wykazywało województwo mazowieckie (29 mln t w 2011 roku), gdzie pozyskiwane były w przewadze piaski i pospółki. Niedobór wysokiej jakości kruszyw klasyfikowanych uzupełniany był dostawami z województwa podlaskiego oraz warmińsko-mazurskiego. Wymienione województwa wykazują znaczne nadwyżki produkcji żwirów w stosunku do własnych potrzeb. Rozwój wydobycia kruszyw w rozpatrywanym obszarze kraju przyczynił się do zagospodarowania znacznej części dotychczas nieeksploatowanych złóż. Spowodowało to znaczne wydłużenie wystarczalności statycznej zasobów, jednak potencjał zasobowy dotychczas nieeksploatowanych dużych złóż uległ znacznemu ograniczeniu, a największe spadki miały miejsce w województwie podlaskim.

EN

The paper presents detailed information about the sand and gravel aggregates market in the three voivodeships of NE Poland (i.e. Masovian, Podlaskie and Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship). The main tendencies of aggregates extraction and production have been presented in the years of 2005-2012. The changes in reserve base of aggregates has been analysed, and the biggest undeveloped deposits in the region has been indicated. Basing on the data concerning the volume of extraction and reserves, the period of reserves sufficiency has been determined. Moreover, the considerable increase of the management degree of the resources has been pointed out. In the following part of the paper the major producers of aggregates have been identified and the range of manufactured products has been characterized. The main directions of aggregates consumption has been analysed, and the level of demand for gravel, as well as for classified and non-classified mixes has been evaluated. North-eastern Poland provides ca. 20-30% of the volume of domestic sand and gravel extraction. The recent years could be described as the period of dynamic increase in demand for produced in the region sand and gravels. It has been result infrastructure development connected with preparation to UEFA European Championship and realization of Programme of motorways and expressway construction 2011-2015, partly financed by European Funds. The amount of extracted raw-material during the period of 2009-2011 has been doubled, and rose to 69 million ton, with reduction to 43 million ton in 2012. The biggest extraction was recorded in the Masovian Voivodeship, where mainly sand and mixes are produced. The deficit of classified aggregates was covered by supplies from Podlaskie and Warmian-Masurian Voivodeships, where considerable surplus in gravel production is noted. The increase of sand and gravel extraction in NE Poland resulted in the further development of deposits, causing the significant extension of reserves sufficiency. In the consequence the reserve base potential of unexploited the biggest deposits has been diminished, particularly in Podlaskie Voivodeship.

17

Heavy and light minerals as a tool for reconstructing depositional environments: an example from the Jałówka site (northern Podlasie region, NE Poland)

Woronko Barbara, Rychel Joanna, Karasiewicz Mirosław T., Ber Andrzej, Krzywicki Tomasz, Marks Leszek, Pochocka-Szwarc Katarzyna

Geologos

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2013

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Vol. 19, No. 1-2

47--66

EN

Part of northern Podlasie (NE Poland), shaped during the Wartanian stadial of the Odranian glaciation (Saalian), was situated in the periglacial zone during the Vistulian (Weichselian) glaciation. Both landforms and sediments were affected by the periglacial conditions. This is recorded at the Jałówka site, at the floor of a dry valley, where mineral deposits of 4.13 m thick, overlying organic deposits from the Eemian interglacial, were examined. These mineral deposits form four units, from bottom to top: a fluvial unit (I), a loess-like unit (II), a solifluction unit (III), and an aeolian unit with ice wedges (IV) on top of unit III. The heavy and light minerals were analysed, as well as the geochemistry, in order to find out about the parent material and to reconstruct the climatic conditions during deposition. The mineral analysis indicates that the Saalian till was predominantly derived from shallow-marine deposits; erosion accompanied by sorting of the heavy minerals took place on the basis of their mass and grain size. The original material of the till seems therefore to be sedimentary rocks from the eastern Central Baltic Basin. This material became strongly weathered under the periglacial conditions, resulting in the destruction of the quartz grains, as well as in leaching, leading to complete decalcification of the deposits. Aeolian activity resulted in infilling of ice wedges and the creation of thin layers. The intensity and the duration of these processes was limited, so that the effects of the aeolian abrasion are insignificant. Neither resulted the aeolian activity in significant reshaping of the landscape.

18

Wpływ zjawisk lodowych na erozję brzegów koryta rzecznego na przykładzie rzeki Łyny

Kalinowski A., Glińska-Lewczuk K, Burandt P, Banaszek Ż

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2012

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Nr 31

57--71

PL

W artykule podjęto próbę analizy wpływu zjawisk lodowych na erozję brzegów koryta rzeki pojeziernej na przykładzie rzeki Łyny (północno-wschodnia Polska). Do analizy wytypowano przekrój Smolajny, położony w jej środkowym biegu. Badania przeprowadzono w latach hydrologicznych 2005-2012. W badanym okresie obserwowano występowanie, rozwój i intensywność zjawisk lodowych, takich jak: lód brzegowy, pokrywa lodowa, spływ wody na lodzie na tle zmian cech morfologicznych koryta rzecznego. W wyniku obserwacji stwierdzono skokowe zwiększenie się szerokości koryta w badanym profilu poprzecznym (dwukrotnie po 0,5 m). Związane było to z długim czasem zalegania grubej pokrywy lodowej. W latach 2005-2012 zaobserwowano fluktuacje wielkości cech morfometrycznych, zarówno dodatnie jak i ujemne. Czynnikiem kształtującym brzegi koryta są ponadto gwałtowne roztopy pokrywy śnieżnej przy jednoczesnym utrzymywaniu się pokrywy lodowej. Wpływa to na zwiększone podmywanie brzegów koryta. Wykazano, że w badanym okresie nastąpiło zwiększenie szerokości koryta w badanym przekroju o jeden metr, zwiększenie powierzchni przekroju poprzecznego oraz głębokości maksymalnej i średniej.

EN

The aim of the paper is attempt to analysis influence on bank erosion on example Łyna river (NE Poland). The analysis has been performed at the cross section of Smolajny during hydrological years 2005-2012. In that period we observed occurrence, evolution and intensity of ice phenomena, such as: border ice, ice cover, water runoff on ice cover. Simultaneously, hydrological and morphological measurements of bed channel have been done. Results showed that width of river bed had increase, bit by bit (twice by 0,5 m), in observed cross section. There was observed fluctuation attributes of morphology in years 2005-2012, both positive and negative. Sudden snowmelt has a great impact on bank erosion, with prolonged ice cover. That situation has influence on sapping of banks. It was stated that, in spite of fluctuations of channel morphological parameters, the overall increase in the channel width was at about 1m in 2005-2012. Similarly other parameters, as wetted area, maximal and average depths have increased in those years.

19

Sedimentary record of a Pleistocene ice-sheet interlobate zone (NE Poland)

Gruszka Beata, Morawski Wojciech, Zieliński Tomasz

Geologos

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2012

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Vol. 18, No. 2

65--81

EN

Well developed NE-SW trending corridors of outwash in NE Poland are associated with a series of lakes with a similar direction of elongation. The glaciofluvial corridor under study consists of parallel ridges with associated channels and kames. The deposits are flanked by till and hummocky terrain. The gravel ridges are composed of sand and gravel deposits that are cross-stratified, massive or graded, and that contain cut-and-fill structures and large intra-clasts of sand and gravel. Locally the deposits show normal faults. The succession of one of the ridges is interpreted to reflect the infilling of a braided channel in a crevasse. Sedimentation took place in some phases when the ice-sheet regime changed from active to stagnant. Sandy-gravel ridges occur within this complex perpendicular to the Weichselian icesheet margin. The corridor is interpreted as an interlobate area in the zone between the Warmia and Mazury ice lobes. The braided-channel deposits are not comparable to typical Polish sandurs. The lithofacies characteristics show higher energy conditions, and the channels are deeper than those typical of Pleistocene lowland sandurs. The sand and gravel ridges are interpreted as interlobate eskers.

20

The impact of beavers' (Castor fiber L.) lodges on vascular plant species diversity in forest landscape

Obidziński A., Orczewska A., Cieloszczyk P.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2011

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Vol. 59, nr 1

63-73

EN

Beavers lodges represent specific, zoogenic habitats. Their flora show some distinctive features differentiating them from the species composition of the areas surrounding the lodges. Studies were conducted in the Romincka Forest, in north-eastern Poland. Although lodges and their surroundings did not differ in the total number of vascular plants recorded in their area, the 40 beavers lodges studied had a significantly higher mean species richness, however half of the total species cover compared with the lodges' surroundings. Species from the Lamiaceae, Polygonaceae and Asteraceae families were more often present in lodges rather than in their surroundings. Within the lodges there were more species tolerating disturbance (r strategy), more hemicryptophytes and therophytes, more species associated with eutrophic habitats and of neutral soil reaction. Aside from this, species from the Alnetea glutinosae, Bidentetea tripartiti, Scheutzerio-Caricetea, Artemisietea vulgaris, and Stellarietea mediae classes had a bigger share compared to lodges. surroundings. Finally, there were also more euhemerobic species recorded in that habitat. By contrast, the communities which surround the lodges had a higher representation of stresstolerant species (s strategy), typical for mesotrophic habitats with acidic soils and more mesohemerobous and urbanophobous species. The above mentioned tendencies allowed to conclude that beavers. lodges contribute to the increase in the diversity of habitats and subsequently may be regarded as an important factor influencing flora and vegetation biodiversity.