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1

Application of UAV and ground measurements for urban vegetation cooling benefits assessment, Wilanów Palace case study

Trzeciak Michał, Sikorska Daria

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2024

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Vol. 33, No. 1

53--68

EN

This research at the Wilanów Palace, Warsaw, assesses urban greenery’s cooling impacts in a cultural heritage site using remote sensing and on-site measurements, highlighting vegetation’s importance in urban climate control. The study combines soil temperature data, UAV thermal imagery, leaf area index (LAI), LiDAR, and NDVI analyses. Findings demonstrate a strong link between vegetation density and temperature: UAV land surface temperature (LST) ranged from 26.8° to 47.5°C, peaking at 72°C, while ground-based temperatures were between 19.5° and 29.2°C, lowest in dense vegetation areas. The statistical analysis confirmed significant temperature differences across vegetation types, with higher LAI areas showing lower temperatures. These results validate the cooling effect of dense vegetation, emphasizing green spaces’ significance in urban climate regulation within cultural heritage sites. The study informs sustainable urban design and conservation, underlining the critical role of vegetation in improving urban microclimates.

2

Wielosensorowy lotniczy system teledetekcyjny MultiSen-1PL na potrzeby precyzyjnego rolnictwa i leśnictwa

Sieczkiewicz Marta, Jedynak Łukasz, Wyczałek Ireneusz, Strzeliński Paweł, Wyczałek-Jagiełło Michał

Przegląd Geodezyjny

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2024

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R. 96, nr 2

1--3

PL

W celu zlokalizowania dokładnych i aktualnych danych dotyczących wzrostu i kondycji roślin na potrzeby precyzyjnego rolnictwa lub leśnictwa niezbędne jest prowadzenie okresowych badań terenowych. Na ich podstawie podejmowane są decyzje co do zakresu i intensywności działań wzmacniających i/lub ochronnych. Aby ułatwić i zautomatyzować proces pozyskiwania danych, rozwijane są zobrazowania satelitarne wykraczające poza zasięg światła widzialnego, zwłaszcza w kierunku podczerwieni (NIR) lub mikrofal (SWIR), a ostatnio także w paśmie czerwieni krawędziowej (RE). Ze względu na rozdzielczość przestrzenną 10-20 metrów dane satelitarne nie są wystarczająco przydatne dla ograniczonych przestrzennie pól lub drzewostanów. Podjęto zatem wysiłki, aby wykorzystać doświadczenia satelitarne dla danych pozyskiwanych z pułapu lotniczego. W pracy przedstawiono zaprojektowany, zbudowany i przetestowany system rejestracji składający się z zestawu kamer oraz skanera laserowego o parametrach filtrowania fal dostosowanych do wymagań indeksów roślinności, wykorzystywanych do analizy danych obrazowych na potrzeby rolnictwa i leśnictwa. Wyniki wdrożenia systemu pokazują, że klasyfikacja oparta na uzyskanych w ten sposób danych teledetekcyjnych zapewnia prowadzenie analiz poprzez inwentaryzację i parametryzację roślinności. W celu analizy zdrowotności drzewostanów wyznaczono wskaźniki NDVI i LAI oraz stopień defoliacji. Dla obszarów rolniczych wdrożono procedurę oceny i weryfikacji stanu upraw poprzez analizę wskaźników NDVI, NDRE, GNDVI oraz wysokości plonów, w celu określenia przestrzennej zmienności kondycji roślin, a także jakości i predykcji plonów. Uzyskane wstępne wyniki potwierdziły spełnienie oczekiwań wobec wielosensorowego systemu pozyskiwania danych teledetekcyjnych, któremu nadano nazwę MultiSen-PL.

EN

In order to locate accurate and up-to-date data on plant growth and health for precision agriculture or forestry, it is necessary to conduct periodic field surveys. On their basis, decisions are made regarding the scope and intensity of strengthening and/or protective actions. To facilitate and automate the data acquisition process, satellite imagery is being developed that goes beyond the range of visible light, especially in the infrared (NIR) or microwave (SWIR) direction, and recently also in the red edge (RE) band. Due to the resolution of 10-20 meters, satellite data is not useful enough for spatially limited fields or forest stands. Therefore, efforts were made to take advantage of satellite experiences for data obtained from the plane level. The work presents the designed, built and tested registration system consisting of a set of cameras and a laser scanner with wave filtering parameters adapted to the requirements of vegetation indices, used to analyze image data for agriculture and forestry. The results of the system implementation show that the classification based on the remote sensing data obtained in this way ensures analysis through the inventory and parameterization of vegetation. In order to analyze the health of forest stands, the NDVI, NDRE and LAI indexes as well as the degree of defoliation were determined. For agricultural areas, a procedure for assessing and verifying the condition of crops was implemented by analyzing the NDVI, NDRE, GNDVI and yield indicators in order to determine the spatial variability of plant condition, as well as the quality and prediction of yields. The obtained preliminary results confirmed that the expectations for the multi-sensor remote sensing data acquisition system, named MultiSen-1PL, were met.

3

Pomiary zapotrzebowania nawozowego kukurydzy za pomocą aktywnego czujnika azotu

Kubiak-Siwińska Katarzyna, Kotlarz Jan

Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka

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2023

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R. 27, nr 3

13--18

PL

Azot jest ważnym makroskładnikiem biomasy, ponieważ odgrywa istotną rolę w procesach metabolicznych, produkcji białek, syntezie aminokwasów, enzymów, hormonów oraz jest składnikiem chlorofilu. Ocena jego niedoborów w uprawach kukurydzy jest przedmiotem badań naukowych. W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki pomiarów w kontrolowanych warunkach laboratoryjnych wskaźników teledetekcyjnych kukurydzy uprawianej w wariantach nawożenia 0-150 kg·N/ha. Zaproponowana metoda oceny niedoboru azotu z wykorzystaniem sensora Crop Circle pozwala na autonomiczne sterowanie precyzyjnym nawożeniem doglebowym w projektowanym rozwiązaniu robota polowego.

EN

Nitrogen is an important macronutrient of biomass because it plays an important role in metabolic processes, protein production, amino acid synthesis, enzymes, hormones and is a component of chlorophyll. The assessment of its deficiencies in maize crops is the subject of scientific research. The article presents the results of measurements in controlled laboratory conditions of remote sensing indices of maize cultivated in fertilization variants of 0-150 kg·N/ha. The proposed method of assessing nitrogen deficiency using the Crop Circle sensor allows for autonomous control of precise soil fertilization in the designed solution of a field robot.

4

Seasonality and long-term trends of NDVI values in different land use types in the eastern part of the Baltic Sea basin

Klimavičius Laurynas, Rimkus Egidijus, Stonevičius Edvinas, Mačiulytė Viktorija

Oceanologia

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2023

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Vol. 65 (1)

171--181

EN

This study analyses changes in Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values in the eastern Baltic region. The main aim of the work is to evaluate changes in growing season indicators (onset, end time, time of maximum greenness and duration) and their relationship with meteorological conditions (air temperature and precipitation) in 1982–2015. NDVI seasonality and long-term trends were analysed for different types of land use: arable land, pastures, wetlands, mixed and coniferous forests. In the southwestern part of the study area, the growing season lasts longest, while in the northeast, the growing season is shorter on average by 10 weeks than in the other parts of the analysed territory. The air temperature in February and March is the most important factor determining the start of the growing season and the air temperature in September and October determines the end date of the growing season. Precipitation has a much smaller effect, especially at the beginning of the growing season. The effect of meteorological conditions on peak greenness is weak and, in most cases, statistically insignificant. At the end of the analysed period (1982–2015), the growing season started earlier and ended later (in both cases the changes were 3–4 weeks) than at the beginning of the study period. All these changes are statistically significant. The duration of the growing season increased by 6–7 weeks.

5

Modelling causality between agricultural and meteorological drought indices in the Corong River basin, East Java Indonesia

Affandy Nur A., Iranata Data, Anwar Nadjadji, Maulana Mahendra A., Prastyo Dedy D., Jaelani Lalu M., Suryadi F. X.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 58

178--188

EN

The Lamongan Regency is an area in East Java, Indonesia, which often experiences drought, especially in the south. The Corong River basin is located in the southern part of Lamongan, which supplies the irrigation area of the Gondang Reservoir. Drought monitoring in the Corong River basin is very important to ensure the sustainability of the agricultural regions. This study aims to analyse the causal relationship between meteorological and agricultural drought indices represented by standardised precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and standard normalisation difference vegetation index (NDVI), using time series regression. The correlation between NDVI and SPEI lag 4 has the largest correlation test results between NDVI and SPEI lag, which is 0.41. This suggests that the previous four months of meteorological drought impacted the current agricultural drought. A time series regression model strengthens the results, which show a causal relationship between NDVI and SPEI lag. According to the NDVI-SPEI-1 lag 4 time series model, NDVI was influenced by NDVI in the previous 12 periods, and SPEI-1 in the last four periods had a determinant coefficient value of 0.4. This shows that the causal model between SPEI-1 and NDVI shows a fairly strong relationship for drought management in agricultural areas (irrigated areas) and is considered a reliable and effective tool in determining the severity and duration of drought in the study area.

6

Application of the Research on Spatio-Temporal Differentiation of a Vegetation Index in Evaluating Sunflower Hybrid Plasticity and Growth-Regulators in the Steppe Zone of Ukraine

Pichura Vitalii, Domaratskiy Yevhenii, Potravka Larisa, Biloshkurenko Oleksandra, Dobrovol'skiy Andrey

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 6

144--165

EN

The purpose of the study was to establish dependence of sunflower productivity on hybrid plasticity under the climatic conditions of the Steppe zone and effectiveness of growth-regulators on the basis of the analysis of differentiation of a vegetation index. The research on the development and productivity of different sunflower hybrids under the natural-climatic conditions of the Steppe zone of Ukraine was conducted in the years of 2019 (medium-wet), 2020 (dry) and 2021 (wet). Spatio-temporal differentiation of the vegetation of sunflower hybrids was established on the basis of calculation of a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) using the data of the decoded space images of Sentinel 2. Cartographic and grapho-analytical materials reflecting the reaction of plants to natural-climatic conditions and multifunctional growth-regulators were obtained. The dependence of the reaction of sunflower hybrids to multifunctional growth-regulators on their plasticity in response to the natural-climatic conditions of the Steppe zone was established. There was a weak reaction to application of growth-regulators of the sunflower hybrids Oplot and P64HE133 which are characterized by a high level of plasticity in response to the natural-climatic conditions of the Steppe zone. It was proven that the application of the biological preparation Helafit Combi exceeded the level of agrocenoses productivity in comparison with the chemical preparation ArchitectТМ by 1.1-5.4%. It was established that foliar treatment with growth-regulators led to a decline in water uptake by the sunflower hybrids by 1.2–10.0% in the dry year, by 3.8–8.6% in the medium-wet year and by 3.7%–21.9% in the wet year. There was a significant reduction in the level of water uptake by the hybrid Hector – by 7.7–10.0% and the hybrid 8KH477KL – by 1.2–21.9%. The research results are the basis for forecasting the development of sunflower hybrid crops with further measurement of the crop productivity that allows establishing a probable level of efficiency of sunflower hybrid production by agricultural producers under the climatic conditions of the Steppe zone.

7

Use of remote sensing as an indicator of the urban heat island effect: the case of the municipality of Guelma (north-east of Algeria)

Khallef Boubaker

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2023

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no. 3

61--72

EN

The main objective of this study is to show which of the LST-NDVI and LST-NDBI relationships can determine the most accurate index that can be used as an indicator of the effects of urban heat islands in the municipality of Guelma, using Landsat data. 8 OLI/TIRS and the geographic information system. The application of the calculation formulas made it possible to extract the Land Surface Temperature (LST), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Built up Index (NDBI) of the municipality of Guelma for the four seasons of 2019. This calculation led to the determination of the relationship between all three indicators. The results obtained show a strong correlation between the LST and the NDBI for the four seasons of the year. They suggest that the NDBI is an accurate indicator of the heat island effect in Guelma. This indicator can serve as a tool for future urban planning by those in charge of this department. However, there is currently and urgent need to strengthen strategies for reducing the effects of urban heat islands in order to preserve the quality of urban life of the inhabitants and by setting up emergency programs.

8

A study of vegetation cover dynamics using landsat images: case of the beni haroun watershed (Algeria)

Roukia Namous, Abdelaziz Louamri, Khallef Boubaker

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2023

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no. 4

315--328

EN

Conducting a diachronic study of vegetation cover helps to assess its transformations over a period of time, allowing for a comprehensive assessment of the factors influencing these transformations. The purpose of this research is to analyze the vegetation cover spatio-temporal changes within Beni Haroun watershed, located in the northeast region of Algeria. Based on remote sensing data, two satellite images for the years 2009 and 2020 from Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS were downloaded. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index was employed to remotely detect and monitor the changes of the vegetation cover. It was calculated for both chosen dates, and the results were classified into four classes (no vegetation, sparse vegetation, moderate vegetation, dense vegetation), each representing a different vegetation density. The obtained maps showed a regression of the vegetation cover. The NDVI values have decreased from 0.77 in 2009 to 0.58 in 2020. Spatial patterns in the classified NDVI maps illustrated reduced vegetation cover demonstrated by an expansion of the no vegetation class: 35,3479 ha in 2009 and 56,7916 ha in 2020. The final map of the change detection depicted a predominance of the negative change throughout Beni Haroun watershed, in consequence of various controlling factors, including climate and human interventions.

9

Monitoring of Land Surface Temperature from Landsat Imagery: A Case Study of Al-Anbar Governorate in Iraq

Morsy Salem, Ahmed Shaker

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 17, no. 3

61--81

EN

Land surface temperature (LST) estimation is a crucial topic for many applications related to climate, land cover, and hydrology. In this research, LST estimation and monitoring of the main part of Al-Anbar Governorate in Iraq is presented using Landsat imagery from five years (2005, 2010, 2015, 2016 and 2020). Images of the years 2005 and 2010 were captured by Landsat 5 (TM) and the others were captured by Landsat 8 (OLI/TIRS). The Single Channel Algorithm was applied to retrieve the LST from Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 images. Moreover, the land use/land cover (LULC) maps were developed for the five years using the maximum likelihood classifier. The difference in the LST and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values over this period was observed due to the changes in LULC. Finally, a regression analysis was conducted to model the relationship between the LST and NDVI. The results showed that the highest LST of the study area was recorded in 2016 (min = 21.1°C, max = 53.2°C and mean = 40.8°C). This was attributed to the fact that many people were displaced and had left their agricultural fields. Therefore, thousands of hectares of land which had previously been green land became desertified. This conclusion was supported by comparing the agricultural land areas registered throughout the presented years. The polynomial regression analysis of LST and NDVI revealed a better coefficient of determination (R2) than the linear regression analysis with an average R2 of 0.423.

10

Remote Sensing and Meteorological Indexes of Drought Using Open Short Time-Series Data in Doukkala Region, Morocco

Ait Ayad Nada, Ait Ayad Alaaeddine, El Khalidi Khalid, Habib Adnane, Charif Abdelmounim

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 2

1--10

EN

Over time, drought affects all regions of Morocco, especially in the arid climate region, which has negative consequences on agriculture, economic and environmental. The present study aims to describe the intensity of drought in Morocco and more specifically their impact on the distribution of vegetation. Spatial and temporal remote sensing data are used to monitor drought in the Doukkala region of Morocco, using a set of Landsat images, including Landsat 5 (ETM), and Landsat 7 (ETM+) captured during the period 1964–2014. This was determined based on remote sensing parameters: temperature condition index (TCI), vegetation condition index (VCI) and vegetation health index (VHI). The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was determined for the years 1966, 1984, 1988, 2000 2006 and 2009, in order to identify the vegetation categories and quantify the vegetation density in the Doukkala region. The NDVI obtained was analyzed using the SPI (Normalized Precipitation Index) based on the rainfall data of the years 1966, 1984, 1988, 2000 2006 and 2009. The results obtained showed that the correlation between NDVI and SPI indicated negative values or less than 1. The calculation of VHI showed low values (VHI < 40%) in one part of the studied area that indicate severe to extreme drought conditions, while in the other part the VHI showed high values (VHI > 40%), which mainly reflect favorable conditions for crop development (no drought). The results of this study can be used for monitoring and evaluation of the drought for sustainable management of the area.

11

Monitoring Land Use and Land Cover Changes Using Remote Sensing Techniques and the Precipitation-Vegetation Indexes in Morocco

Ait El Haj Fatiha, Ouadif Latifa, Akhssas Ahmed

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 1

272--286

EN

The study of land use and land cover change (LULC) is essential for the development of strategies, monitoring and control of the ecosystem. The present study aims to describe the dynamics of land cover and land use, and specially the impact of certain climatic parameters on the distribution of vegetation and land cover. For this study, multi-temporal remote sensing data are used to monitor land cover changes in Morocco, using a set of Landsat images, including Landsat 7 (ETM+), Landsat 5 (TM), and Landsat 8 (OLI), captured during the period 2000–2020, those changes were determined by adopting the maximum likelihood (ML) classification method. The classification results show good accuracy values in the range of 90% (2000), 80% (2007), 82% (2010), 93% (2020). The LU/LC change detection showed a decrease of agricultural and forest areas in the order of 5% between the year 2000 and 2020, and an increase of bare soil of 5% to 6%, and a notable change in urban area from 97.31 ha (0.03%) in 2000 to 2988.2637 ha (0.82%) in 2020. The overall results obtained from LULC show that the vegetation cover of the study area has undergone major changes during the study period. In order to monitor the vegetation status, an analysis of the precipitation-vegetation interaction is essential. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was determined from 2000 to 2020, to identify vegetation categories and quantify the vegetation density in the Lakhdar sub-basin. The obtained NDVI was analyzed using climatic index SPI (Normalized Precipitation Index) based on rainfall data from five stations. The correlation study between NDVI and SPI indices shows a strong linear relation between these two indicators especially while using an annual index SPI12 however, the use of NDVI index based on remote sensing provides a significant result while assessing vegetation. The results of our study can be used for vegetation monitoring and sustainable management of the area, since it is one of the largest basins in the country.

12

Contribution to the Modeling of the Organic Matter of Moroccan Forest Soils within the Context of Global Change – Case Study of the Central Plateau

Dallahi Youssef, Malaainine Mohamed El Imame, Hbiak Ishak, Boujraf Amal, Abidine Mohamed Mahmoud, Orlando Collins Ashianga, Meliho Modeste, El Mderssa Mohamed, Minoubi Abdenaim

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 8

261--271

EN

Organic matter is a major component of soil. It is of considerable ecological importance given its role in determining soil health, influencing ecosystem productivity and climate. For this reason, it is essential to carry out studies to evaluate its dynamics in natural ecosystems. In this study, the authors aimed to explore the dynamics of soil organic matter (SOM) in forest ecosystems of the Central Plateau in Morocco, as well as to investigate the potential of spectral vegetation indices in modeling SOM. To this end, the soil samples for analysis were collected from 30 sites across three vegetation types, including cork oak, Barbary thuja and scrub (matorral). In addition, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was extracted from Landsat 8 images to be used to model SOM using linear regression. The obtained results showed a weak, although statistically significant (α < 0.05), correlation between NDVI and SOM at 0.45. In addition, only the scrub type showed a statistically significant (α < 0.05) relationship between its corresponding SOM and NDVI, and was therefore retained for modeling. Vegetation type had a statistically strong influence (α <0.01) on SOM, with cork oak and garrigue ecosystems having the highest and lowest SOM contents with 5.61% and 2.36%, respectively. In addition, the highest SOM contents were observed under slightly acidic pH soils on mild, warm slopes at high altitude sites, while the lowest were found in lowland areas with predominantly weakly evolved soil.

13

Fury of nature: evaluating the impact of hailstorm on vegetation using sentinel 2 data at Moran, India

Neog Rituraj

Acta Geophysica

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2023

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Vol. 71, no. 6

3025--3039

EN

The primary objective of the study is to analyze the impact assessment of hailstorms on vegetation in the Moran region of Assam. The experiments employed sentinel-2A data of December, 2022 and January, 2023 for the computation of the NDVI, GNDVI, and MSAVI indices and their temporal dynamics. Further, LandScan gridded (1 k × 1 km) population data of 2021 have been used to portray the population affected in the study area. The result evidenced a significant decline in the mean NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), GNDVI (Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), and MSAVI (Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index) from the pre-hailstorm to the post-hailstorm period. The above indices declined from 0.270, 0279 and 0.416 in pre-hailstorm (24 December, 2022) period to 0.257, 0.269 and 0.410 in post-hailstorm period (3 January, 2023). Similarly, the area under healthy vegetation decreased from 72.06 and 103.55 sq km in 2022 to 60.74 and 96.35 sq km in 2023, based on GNDVI and MSAVI, respectively. The hailstorm affected the majority of villages as well as the population lying to the east of the NH-37, i.e., the Charaideo district of Assam. The Villages such Bagtali Sonowal, Demorukinar Changmai, Hatkhola gaon and Mout gaon experienced maximum damage to vegetation. Overall, 125.355 and 132.07 sq km of area considering both assessments (MSAVI & GNDVI with population) with a total population of about 131,342 are severely affected by hailstorm phenomena.

14

Estimation of impacts of land use and land cover (LULC) changes on land surface temperature (LST) within greater Imphal urban area using geospatial technique

Khan Rahul, Aribam Bindiya, Alam Wazir

Acta Geophysica

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2023

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Vol. 71, no. 6

2811--2823

EN

The rapid increase in the urbanisation process and other developmental activities across the globe have increased the land surface temperature of built-up areas which is considered as an emerging urban environmental problem. The rapid unplanned urban sprawl has influenced the land use and land cover of the urban area leading to the development of the phenomenon of Urban Heat Island. The present study highlights how land use and land cover changes have impacted the land surface temperature and urban heat islands phenomenon in the greater Imphal city of Manipur in India. The study was carried out with multi-spectral and multi-temporal satellite imageries of 1988, 2000, 2011, and 2021, respectively. The extracted information from the rectified imageries highlights a significant increase in the land surface temperature in the built-up area of the city. The findings illustrate that the maximum and minimum LST of the Imphal urban area has significantly increased from 28.77 to 31.25℃ and 10.44 to 11.47℃, respectively, for the month of February from 1988 to 2021. The increase in land surface temperature is directly attributed to the increased built-up area (24.06% to 44.85%) and reduction in the urban forest cover (28.17% to 16.65%). Cumulatively, there is a 2.44℃ and 1.03℃ rise in maximum and minimum LST over three decades. The variability in the LST shows positive correlations with the NDBI and negative correlations with NDVI. The study witnessed nearly about 0.74℃ (maximum) and 0.31℃ (minimum) decadal changes in the overall LST in the greater Imphal area.

15

Exogenous regulation of the potatoes’ adaptive potential when using bio stimulants

Shitikova Aleksandra V., Abiala Adewale A., Tevchenkov Alexander A., Bazhenova Svetlana S., Lazarev Nikolay N., Kurenkova Evgeniya M.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 54

234--238

EN

Potato from the Solanaceae family is one of the most important crops in the world and its cultivation is common in many places. The average yield of this crop is 20 Mg·ha-1 and it is compatible with climatic conditions in many parts of the world. The experiment studied the possibility of exogenous regulation of the adaptive potential available for four potato cultivars through the use of growth stimulants with different action mechanisms: 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) and chitosan biopolymer (CHT). The results allowed us to establish significant differences in growth parameters, plant height, leaf index, vegetation index, chlorophyll content, and yield structure. Monitoring growth and predicting yields well before harvest are essential to effectively managing potato productivity. Studies have confirmed the empirical relationship between the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) and N-tester vegetation index data at various stages of potato growth with yield data. Statistical linear regression models were used to develop an empirical relationship between the NDVI and N-tester data and yield at different stages of crop growth. The equations have a maximum determination coefficient (R2) of 0.63 for the N-tester and 0.74 for the NDVI during the flowering phase (BBCH1 65). NDVI and N-tester vegetation index positively correlated with yield data at all growth stages.

16

Monitoring of Water Bodies and Non-vegetated Areas in Selenica ‑ Albania with Sar and Optical Images

Belba Pietro, Kucaj Spartak, Thanas Jorgaq

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 16, no. 3

5--25

EN

The availability of Sentinel satellites for providing open data with optical and SAR imagery leads to better opportunities related to Earth surface mapping and monitoring. Recently, optical fusion with radar data has shown improvement in classification quality and the accuracy of information acquired. In this setting, the main objective of this research is to monitor the environmental impact of an open-pit mine on water, vegetation, and non-vegetation areas by exploring the single and combined use of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data. The data utilized in this paper were collected from the European Space Agency Copernicus program. After selecting the Selenica region, we explored the products in the Sentinel Application Platform. According to our data, Sentinel-2 misses the small water ponds but successfully identifies the river and open-pit areas. It mistakenly identifies urban structures and cloud areas as non-vegetated and does not identify non-vegetated areas which correspond to mining operation areas. Sentinel-1 identifies very small water ponds and delivers additional information in the cloudy areas, but misses a part of the river. Alongside the strong contribution in identifying the vegetation, it also roughly identifies the non-vegetation areas of mining operations.

17

Groundwater potentiality deciphering and sensitivity study using remote sensing technique and fuzzy approach

Gandhi Fenil R., Patel Jayantilal N.

Acta Geophysica

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2022

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Vol. 70, no 1

265--282

EN

Elevating industrialization and urbanization have increased water demand, resulting in a water crisis and plummeting groundwater resources day by day. The present research proposed a model to decipher groundwater potential zones by integrating remote sensing (RS) data with fuzzy logic in an ArcGIS environment. Eleven groundwater potentiality influencing factors have been employed for the study. Each layer was passed through a multicollinearity check, resulting in no collinearity found between the layers. Furthermore, each layer was reclassified, ranked according to their potential to the groundwater occurrence, and assigned fuzzy values. The groundwater potential zones were developed by applying an overlay operation to integrate eleven fuzzy layers. According to the fuzzy value, the Surat district is divided into four potential zones: very poor, poor, moderate, and good. The result shows that 32.21% (1343 km2 ) and 31.63% (1319 km2 ) have good and moderate groundwater potential zones, respectively. Additionally, the map removal sensitivity study illustrated that drainage density, lineament density, and rainfall are more sensitive to potential zones in the study area. The potential zones have been verified by a false matrix, indicating substantial agreement between groundwater levels and potential zones with an overall accuracy of 81.1%. Thus, the integration of RS data and fuzzy-based method is an efficient method for deciphering groundwater potential zones and can be applied anywhere with necessary adjustment.

18

Change on detection of vegetation cover and soil salinity using GIS technique in Diyala Governorate, Iraq

Adeeb Haneen Q., Al-Timimi Yaseen K.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2021

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Vol. 30, No. 1

148--158

EN

Soil salinity is one of the most important problems of land degradation, that threatening the environmental, economic and social system. The aim of this study to detect the changes in soil salinity and vegetation cover for Diyala Governorate over the period from 2005 to 2020, through the use of remote sensing techniques and geographic information system. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and salinity index (SI) were used, which were applied to four of the Landsat ETM+ and Landsat OLI satellite imagery. The results showed an increase in soil salinity from 7.27% in the period 2005–2010 to 27.03% in 2015–2020, as well as an increase in vegetation from 10% to 24% in the same period. Also the strong inverse correlation between the NDVI and the SI showed that vegetation is significantly affected and directly influenced by soil salinity changes

19

Water Status of Polylepis Forests Related to Altitudinal Gradient, Microclimate Variables and Slope

Yaranga Raúl, Arizapana Marco, Orellana Edith, Pariona Victor, Castañeda Italo

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 3

151--160

EN

The Polylepis forests in the central Andes of Peru remain in hostile environments due to their location above 4000 meters of altitude. They are home to a great biodiversity with a high level of endemism and are extremely vulnerable to climate change and human pressure. Variations in rainfall and temperature have been affecting plant health. These aspects have led to the analysis of the physiological response of plants through water stress and NDVI, in dry periods and related to altitudinal gradients and slope, of five forests located in the regions of Junin and Lima, where the species Polylepis rodolfo vasquezii, P. canoi and P. flavilpila are found. Seven 15 x 21 m plots and 10 sub-plots were established, distributed in the lower, middle and upper parts of the forest. The water potential of leaflets was measured by a Scholander pressure pump in a Pascale unit, microclimate variations by means of installed soil and air humidity and temperature sensors; the NDVI by means of multispectral images captured by an unmanned airborne vehicle. Water stress was different among species and changed according to the altitudinal gradient, soil hydrological variation and temperature. Leaflet size adaptation related to stress changes and a high correlation of NDVI with plant stress status were observed.

20

Land Surface Temperature in Response to Land Use/Cover Change Based on Remote Sensing Data and GIS Techniques: Application to Saïss Plain, Morocco

El Garouani Manal, Amyay Mhamed, Lahrach Abderrahim, Oulidi Hassane Jarar

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 7

100--112

EN

In order to analyze the impact of land use and land cover change on land surface temperature (LST), remote sensing is the most appropriate tool. Land use/cover change has been confirmed to have a significant impact on climate through various aspects that modulate LST and precipitation. However, there are no studies which illustrate this link in the Fez-Meknes region using satellite observations. Thus, the aim of this study was to monitor LST as a function of the land use change in the Saïss plain. In the study, 12 Landsat images of the year 2019 (one image per month) were used to represent the variation of LST during the year, and 2 images per year in 1988, 1999 and 2009 to study the interannual variation in LST. The mapping results showed that the land use/cover in the region has undergone a significant evolution; an increase in the arboriculture and urbanized areas to detriment of arable lands and rangelands. On the basis of statistical analyses, LST varies during the phases of plant growth in all seasons and that it is diversified due to the positional influence of land use type. The relationship between LST and NDVI shows a negative correlation (LST decreases when NDVI increases). This explains the increase in LST in rangelands and arable land, while it decreases in irrigated crops and arboriculture.