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Wieloprocesorowy system kontrolno-pomiarowy analizatora NDIR

Rudolf Z., Orzyłowski M., Jasek K.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2012

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Vol. 53, nr 8

38-42

PL

Artykuł omawia system kontrolno-pomiarowy analizatora NDIR do pomiaru małych stężeń CO₂ i SO₂ w gazach spalinowych. System kontrolno-pomiarowy bazuje na trzech mikrokonwerterach ADuC 845, które są zintegrowanymi układami klasycznych mikrokontrolerów z precyzyjnymi 24-bitowymi przetwornikami analogowo-cyfrowymi. W prezentowanym systemie mikrokonwertery pracują równolegle, będąc ze sobą sprzężone w systemie master-slave za pośrednictwem interfejsu SPI. System kontrolno-pomiarowy ma 6 kanałów pomiarowych sygnałów stężenia gazów z detektorów NIDR, temperatury i ciśnienia. Ponadto według algorytmu PID reguluje temperaturę dwóch kuwet pomiarowych oraz steruje silnikiem krokowym oraz innymi elementami wykonawczymi. System wykonuje między innymi analizę FFT sygnałów z detektorów NDIR. Przetworzone wstępnie wyniki pomiarów system transmituje do komputera nadrzędnego w celu dalszej obróbki. Dla spełnienia wymagań czasowych cyklu pomiarów, sterowania i transmisji danych w systemie zastosowano szybkie algorytmy przetwarzania danych.

EN

The paper describes the control and measurement system of NDIR analyser designed for measurements of low concentrations of CO₂ and SO₂ in exhaust gases. The control and measurement system is based on three ADuC 845 microconverters which are classic microcontrollers integrated with precise 24-bit analog-to-digital converters. In the presented system the operating parallel microconverters are coupled by SPI interface. The system has six channels for measurement gas concentration, temperature and pressure. Moreover the system controls temperature of two measurement cuvettes according to PID algorithm and controls step motor and other control elements. Among other functions it carries out FFT analysis of signals from NDIR detectors. After initial processing the measurement results are transmitted to supervisor computer for further processing. For fulfillment of time requirements of measurement, control and transmission cycle the special data processing algorithms are applied.

2

Reproduction of chassis dynamometer driving cycles on the road as a means of achieving repeatable on-road emissions tests

Vojtisek-Lom M., Fenkl M.

Journal of KONES

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2008

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Vol. 15, No. 4

577--582

EN

Projected increases in the cost of conventional fossil energy sources and greenhouse gas emissions caps are among the key drivers for the utilization of various gaseous fuels prepared from biomass in internal combustion engines, primarily in cogeneration units. Due to the low energy content and other poor qualities of many such fuels, they are often intended to be co-fired with diesel fuel, or used in blends with natural gas or other gaseous fuels. Variations in the composition of the biogas, limited capabilities of gas mixing and metering devices, and other factors create challenges in determining the intake charge composition, so that optimal mixture of air and multiple fuels can be maintained. In this study, an experimental device for mixing of two gaseous fuels was tested, with various gases, on a bus engine modified to run on experimental gaseous fuel blends. To evaluate the performance of the mixing device, the composition of the mixture of two fuel gases was continuously analyzed by an inexpensive NDIR ,”garage-grade” exhaust gas analyzer. The focus of this paper is on the adaptation of the analyzer for this purpose, including calibration and linearization techniques, its verification, and performance. Preliminary results show that this analyzer, commonly used for automobile inspection and maintenance purposes, can serve, albeit with precautions and limitations, as a relatively simple tool for field measurements of the composition of a fuel gas mixture, both raw and mixed with air.

3

Analysis of gaseous fuel blends and mixtures using inexpensive "garage" gas analyzers

Vojtisek-Lom M., Fenkl M.

Journal of KONES

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2008

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Vol. 15, No. 3

535-541

EN

Projected increases in the cost of conventional fossil energy sources and greenhouse gas emissions caps are among the key drivers for the utilization of various gaseous fuels prepared from biomass in internal combustion engines, primarily in cogeneration units. Due to the low energy content and other poor qualities of many such fuels, they are often intended to be co-fired with diesel fuel, or used in blends with natural gas or other gaseous fuels. Variations in the composition of the biogas, limited capabilities of gas mixing and metering devices, and other factors create challenges in determining the intake charge composition, so that optimal mixture of air and multiple fuels can be maintained. In this study, an experimental device for mixing of two gaseous fuels was tested, with various gases, on a bus engine modified to run on experimental gaseous fuel blends. To evaluate the performance of the mixing device, the composition of the mixture of two fuel gases was continuously analyzed by an inexpensive NDIR ",garage-grade" exhaust gas analyzer. The focus of this paper is on the adaptation of the analyzer for this purpose, including calibration and linearization techniques, its verification, and performance. Preliminary results show that this analyzer, commonly used for automobile inspection and maintenance purposes, can serve, albeit with precautions and limitations, as a relatively simple tool for field measurements of the composition of a fuel gas mixture, both raw and mixed with air.