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Occurrence of the parasite Prosorhynchus squamatus (Digenea) in mussels Mytilus trossulus from the Gulf of Gdańsk (the southern Baltic Sea)

Rolbiecki L., Wołowicz M., Dołęga M.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2016

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Vol. 45, No. 4

615--619

EN

Sporocysts with cercariae of Prosorhynchus squamatus Odhner, 1905 (Digenea, Bucephalidae) have been found for the first time in mussels Mytilus trossulus Gould, 1850 from the Gulf of Gdańsk (the southern Baltic Sea). The presented work provides a description and morphometry of larvae of this parasite.

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Fast and easy method for total DNA extraction and gene amplification from larvae, spat and adult mussels Mytilus trossulus from the Baltic Sea

Lasota R., Piłczyńska J., Williams S. T., Wołowicz M.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2013

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Vol. 42, No. 4

486--489

EN

Three nuclear DNA markers that diagnostically differentiate mussels within the Mytilus edulis complex (M. edulis, M. trossulus and M. galloprovincialis) are commonly used in taxonomic investigations: Glu5’, ITS and EFbis. As a rule, DNA extraction is performed before amplification. It is a time consuming process in the case of traditional methods based on chloroform and phenol extraction or relatively expensive using kits with ready spin columns. Moreover, DNA isolation from larvae is problematic, because of the small amount of tissue available. In this report we describe a simple, fast and inexpensive method of DNA extraction and gene amplification from larvae, spat and adults of the Baltic mussel Mytilus trossulus. The extraction method is adapted from that of Wang et al. (2006) and is based on digestion of tissue or whole animals in STE solution and direct gene amplification. On the basis of the results of routine analyses of mussels carried out in our laboratory we have concluded that the method we propose gives results that are consistent with standard methods, without requiring expensive reagents/equipment and is time saving.

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Bioaccumulation of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid in a simple marine trophic chain

Nędzi M., Latała A., Nichthauser J., Stepnowski P.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2013

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Vol. 42, No. 2

149-154

EN

This study focused on the bioaccumulation intensities of the ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (bmimCl) by two invertebrates: Mytilus trossulus and Balanus improvisus and the green alga Chlorella vulgaris. The bioconcentration of bmimCl by two invertebrates was tested in the contaminated water, both with and without the presence of green algae previously exposed to the bmimCl. The experimentally obtained bioconcentration factors (BCFs) are quite low and do not exceed the value of 10. The presence of contaminated C. vulgaris in the water induces an increase in BCF of barnacles up to 80% in comparison to barnacles exposed only to contaminated water. Detoxication of M. trossulus may be more effective in the presence of higher IL concentrations. BCFs for hard tissues of the mussel indicates an exclusively physical sorption mechanism on the mineral surface.

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Differences in reproduction and condition of Macoma balthica and Mytilus trossulus in the Gulf of Gdańsk (Southern Baltic Sea) under anthropogenic influences

Pierścieniak K., Grzymała J., Wołowicz M.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2010

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Vol. 39, No.4

17-32

EN

Seasonal changes in gametogenesis, spawning behaviour and morphometric parameters of Macoma balthica and Mytilus trossulus from two depth zones in the Gulf of Gdańsk (Southern Baltic Sea) were investigated. The studies allowed the authors to make observations of the ecophysiological features of both species and revealed major differences in the weight index between deep and shallow water subpopulations. Both condition and gametogenesis probably depend mainly on the availability of nutrients and on temperature changes. The data showed that Mytilus trossulus spawned earlier at the shallow water station than at the deeper one. No differences were observed between the run of the Baltic clam’s reproductive cycle at 10 m and at 75 m depths.

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Purification and characterisation of ferritin from the Baltic blue mussel Mytilus trossulus

Potrykus J., Kosakowska A.

Oceanologia

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2009

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No. 51 (4)

525-539

EN

Baltic blue mussels Mytilus trossulus were collected from the Gulf of Gdańsk (southern Baltic Sea) in order to isolate ferritin from its soft tissues, as well as to purify and characterise this protein. Proteins were isolated from the inner organs of M. trossulus (hepatopancreas, gills and soft tissue residue) by thermal denaturation (70°C) and acidification (pH 4.5) of the homogenates, followed by ammonium sulphate ((NH4)2SO4) fractionation. The ferritin was then separated by ultracentrifugation (100 000 × g, 120 min.). The protein content in the purified homogenates was determined by the Lowry method using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and horse spleen ferritin (HSF) as standards. PAGE-SDS and Western blotting analysis permitted identification of ferritin in the purified preparations. Additionally, the purified homogenates and mussel soft tissue were analysed for their heavy metal contents (especially cadmium and iron) in a Video 11 E atomic absorption spectrophotometer, following wet digestion of the samples (HNO3/HClO4). The electrophoregrams showed that the inner organs of M. trossulus contained ferritin, which, like plant ferritin, is characterised by the presence of subunits in the electrophoregram in the 26.6-28.0 kDa range. The highest ferritin content was recorded in the hepatopancreas, followed by the gills and the soft tissue residue. With regard to the sampling stations, the highest content of ferritin was noted in the animals sampled off Sopot (station D3), and in those collected by a diver off Jastarnia (W1) and Gdynia (W4). Ferritin isolated from the inner organs of mussels collected from these stations also contained the largest quantities of heavy metals (Cd and Fe). Ferritin isolated from the inner organs of mussels collected by a diver from wrecks - sites where the concentrations of iron and other trace metals in the sea water are high - contained higher quantities of heavy metals (Cd and Fe) than the ferritin isolated from the inner organs of mussels collected with the drag. This confirms that ferritin is a protein able to store and transport not only iron, but also, though to a lesser extent, some other heavy metals, including cadmium.

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AChE levels in mussels and fish collected off Lithuania and Poland (southern Baltic)

Kopecka J., Rybakowas A., Baršiene J., Pempkowiak J.

Oceanologia

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2004

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No. 46 (3)

405-418

EN

AChE activities were measured in blue mussels gills and flounder muscles samples collected off Poland - the Gulf of Gdańsk (4 sampling stations) and off Lithuania - the Klajpe.da area (3 sampling stations), in 2001 (June and October) and 2002 (April and October). The AChE activities [nmol min-1 mg protein-1] were in the range: 15-38 (in blue mussels) and 94-315 (in flounder), and agreed well with those reported for flounder in other coastal Baltic areas, and other European seas. Sources of contaminants in the study area are rather localized in the Gulf of Gdansk, (mouth of the Vistula due to runoff, ports, sewage discharges), while an accidental oil spill occurred off Lithuania, in the course of the study (November 2001). Geographical and temporal AChE levels changes followed the contamination pattern. AChE activities and gradients in the study area are well documented and confirmed in this study. The study confirms the potential use of AChE as biomarker of organic pollution.

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Accumulation of polonium by Mytilus trossulus under experimental conditions

Stepnowski P., Kożuch J.

Oceanological Studies

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1999

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Vol. 28, No. 1-2

73-82

EN

The bioaccumulation of polonium in the Baltic mussel Mytilus trossulus was studied experi-mentally in an attempt to discover the differences between food and water as sources of polonium. The 209Po isotope was used as tracer for accumulation and excretion. The highest 209Po con-centration was found in the hepatopancreas of mussels exposed to spiked water for 24 days. Both parts of the experiment (exposure to food and water) showed that while the rate of bioaccumula-tion of polonium by Mytilus trossulus was very high, the excretion rate was also relatively high. Furthermore, in both cases the duration of the accumulation-excretion (a-e) cycle of polonium in Mytilus trossulus was 10 days. Finally, a simple mathematical model approximating the experimental data was developed.

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The influence of marine and lacustrine humic substances on the accumulation of cadmium by the Baltic mussel Mytilus trossulus

Kożuch J., Pempkowiak J., Gjessing E.

Oceanologia

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1998

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No. 40 (1)

39-49

EN

The accumulation of cadmium by the Baltic mussel Mytilus trossulus in the presence of marine and lacustrine humic substances (HS) was investigated under laboratory conditions. The tested organisms were exposed to Baltic Sea water (salinity 7.0 PSU, pH 7.85) spiked with cadmium (50 μg Cd l -1) and humic substances (6.0 mgHS l -1), isolated from either marine (6 sampling sites) or lacustrine (8 sampling sites) environments. Experiments were carried out at a constant seawater temperature of (10±C1oC). The exposure time was 21 days. On average, the humic substances, a fraction of naturally occurring organic matter, were found to stimulate cadmium accumulation in the mussels. Lacustrine humic substances stimulated cadmium uptake to a lesser extent than the marine ones. Cadmium was accumulated preferentially in the hepatopancreas, and to a smaller extent in the gills and muscles, regardless of the presence, properties and origin of the humic substances. However, the effect was modified by the dissimilar physical and chemical properties of the substances, which were related to their place of origin.

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Induction of stress proteins in the presence of cadmium in the Baltic blue mussel Mytilus trossulus [commun.]

Radłowska M., Pempkowiak J.

Oceanologia

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1998

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No. 40 (2)

153-156

EN

The exposure of organisms to environmental stressors affects the expression levels of certain 'stress proteins' that play an important role in protein homeostasis and stress tolerance. Examining the protein profiles by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analysis, mussels Mytilus trossulus were exposed to cadmium, which induced a number of Hsp70 proteins in accordance with the metal concentrations. In immunodetection two commercial monoclonal antibodies were used to monitor this response in gill tissue. It follows that Hsp70, which is typically induced by moderate heat-shock treatment, is in most cases also induced in the presence of cadmium.