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Wstępne badania diagenezy utworów wapienia muszlowego w północnej części regionu śląsko-krakowskiego (otwór 25-BN Biskupice)

Dymowski Witold

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 5

274--278

EN

The paper presents investigation on diagenesis of Muschelkalk carbonates in the 25-BN Biskupice borehole, NE part of the Silesian-Cracow region. A cycle of dissolution and neomorphic alterations has been identified in the dolomites, Fe-dolomites and calcites occurring at the medium and late stages of diagenesis based on the analytical results of petrographic, cathodoluminescence and SEM methods.

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Pioneer colonization, evidenced by Rhizocorallium in the Middle Triassic of Poland

Stachacz Michał

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2023

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Vol. 93, No. 4

363--379

EN

A large collection of the trace fossil Rhizocorallium from the Middle Triassic of the Polish part of the Germanic Basin (Peri-Tethys) is analysed and their ichnotaxonomical classification presented. Special attention is given to the deep form of Rhizocorallium with a vertical retrusive spreite, filled with faecal pellets, with detailed documentation of this structure, based on isolated specimens and serial sections. This analysis also reveals ∩-shaped and deep, protrusive structures. A former interpretation of Rhizocorallium as a rapidly formed fugichnion is not followed here; instead, an interpretation of the trace fossil as a complex fodinichnion is proposed. Scavengers and their relation to crinoid meadows, as well as predators, are indicated as potential tracemakers of some Rhizocorallium. Although Rhizocorallium is common throughout the Middle Triassic, unusual forms and the domination of substrates by Rhizocorallium in general mostly occur in the transgressive system of the lowermost Muschelkalk, and in regressive, marginal facies of the lower Keuper. Such a distribution of unusual forms of Rhizocorallium is interpreted as representing opportunistic, pioneer burrow assemblages that developed during the long-term benthic recovery after the P-T crisis, or in unfavourable conditions generally. Moreover, dynamic conditions with mixed clastic-carbonate sedimentation and rapidly varying salinity promoted smooth transitions from Rhizocorallium to Diplocraterion. Similar successions of dominant trace-fossil assemblages, of comparable sizes, occur in many sections around the world and demonstrate the record of slow recovery that continued through the Middle Triassic. The illustrated record of evolution of the Middle Triassic Rhizocorallium assemblages in Poland documents the last two stages of benthos recovery after the P-T boundary. A similar situation is observed around the world and, in many cases, great abundance of Rhizocorallium seems to be an indication of pioneer burrowing in dynamic, unfavourable environments.

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A regurgitalite of the Middle Triassic (Muschelkalk) from Upper Silesia (Poland)

Niedźwiedzki Robert, Surmik Dawid, Chećko Agnieszka, Salamon Mariusz A.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2021

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Vol. 47, no. 1

33--40

EN

A bromalite from the Middle Triassic (Muschelkalk) of southern Poland, Sadowa Góra Quarry, is herein described and interpreted as a regurgitalite. The fossils occurring within the regurgitalite are angular and have sharp edges. They are represented by common fragments of thin-shelled bivalves as well as rare crinoid and gastropod remains. The composition of the collected inclusion is different from that of the host rock. There are many candidates that could have produced the regurgitalite, including durophagous sharks, marine reptiles, the actinopterygian Colobodus, or nautiloids. Our finding adds to the emerging evidence of durophagous predation in the Triassic sea of Polish part of the Germanic Basin. It is the second record of a regurgitalite from the Muschelkalk of Upper Silesia.

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Ophiuroids from the Middle Triassic (Muschelkalk) of Sadowa Góra, Jaworzno (southern Poland)

Surmik Dawid, Salamon Mariusz A., Chećko Agnieszka, Kędroń Karolina

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2020

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Vol. 46, no. 2

175--182

EN

Ophiuroids belonging to Aspiduriella sp., Aspiduriella similis (Eck), and Arenorbis sp. are described from the Middle Triassic (Muschelkalk) strata of the Sadowa Góra Quarry (Jaworzno) in southern Poland. This is the only Polish location where three taxa of these ophiuroids have been found in one stratigraphic horizon (1st Wellenkalk). To date, only single taxa have been found in the Triassic sections of the eastern part of the Germanic Basin. Finally, other ophiuroid mass aggregations also known from Poland are presented.

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Dasycladalean green algae and associated foraminifers in Middle Triassic (Lower and Middle Muschelkalk) carbonates of the south-eastern Germanic Basin (Upper Silesia, Poland)

Bucur Ioan I., Matysik Michał

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2020

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Vol. 90, No. 4

391--407

EN

Middle Triassic dasycladalean algae occur in limestones and dolstones of the Diplopora Beds in Upper Silesia, a region representing the southern part of the Germanic Basin. The dasycladales assemblage of this area was studied by Kotański at the end of the last century, mostly from dolomitized and weathered material. The relatively well-preserved specimens the authors found in thin sections from undolomitized strata allowed the description and revised taxonomical assignment of the algae. The identified microflora includes: Diplopora annulatissima Pia, 1920, Diplopora annulata (Schafhäutl, 1853), Salpingoporella cf. krupkaensis Kotański, 2013, Physoporella prisca Pia, 1912, Physoporella cf. pauciforata (Gümbel, 1872), Holosporella? sp. 1, and Holosporella? sp. 2. Diplopora annulatissima and Favoporella annulata Sokač, 1986 are regarded here as two different species. Oligoporella elegans Assmann ex Pia, 1931, extensively illustrated and described by Kotański (2013), is considered a junior synonym of Oligoporella prisca Pia, 1912, and transferred to the genus Physoporella emended by Grgasovic, 1995. Also, some of the dasycladalean algae (Salpingoporella cf. krupkaensis, Holosporella? sp. 1, and Holosporella? sp. 2) described here could represent new species, but more well-preserved material is necessary. The algae are accompanied by foraminiferal microfauna, which collectively indicate a late Anisian (Illyrian) age of the strata studied.

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Przegląd skamieniałości kręgowców i flory z terenów dzisiejszej Polski zgromadzonych w Muzeum Historii Naturalnej w Wiedniu

Pawlak Wojciech, Czepiński Łuklasz, Majchrzyk Aleksander, Duk Katarzyna

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2019

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Vol. 67, nr 1

48--55

EN

Current territory of Poland was an exploration area for paleontologists from other European countries throughout the almost entire nineteenth century. A considerable part of findings were stored in institutions located beyond current borders of Poland. We have examined, documented and identified above 350 fossils housed in the Natural History Museum in Vienna (Naturhistorisches Museum Wien). The collection includes paleobotanical and paleozoological specimens from the Little Poland and the Upper Silesia. Some of these specimens are a unique material from the localities which are no longer available.

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Formalizacja litostratygrafii formacji gogolińskiej (trias środkowy) na Śląsku Opolskim

Kowal-Linka Monika

Geologos

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2008

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Vol. 14, No. 2

125--161

PL

Formacja gogolińska, nazywana dotychczas warstwami gogolińskimi, jest najniższą jednostką litostratygraficzną dolnego wapienia muszlowego Wyżyny Śląsko-Krakowskiej, leżącą pomiędzy węglanowymi utworami retu (górny pstry piaskowiec) i wapienną formacją górażdżańską. Początek sedymentacji utworów formacji przypadł na późny olenek lub wczesny anizyk, a koniec - na wczesny pelson. Podstawą do sformalizowania litostratygrafii formacji gogolińskiej stał się podział wprowadzony w 1944 r. przez Paula Assmanna. Formację tworzą zróżnicowane utwory węglanowe, które zostały podzielone na sześć głównych jednostek litostratygraficznych - cztery ogniwa i dwa poziomy (jednostki nieformalne, nie odsłania się granica pomiędzy nimi). Najniższą jednostkę, ogniwo wapienia krynoidowego z Zakrzowa (odpowiadające wyróżnionym przez Assmanna wapieniom z Pecten i Dadocrinus) budują w dolnej części cienkoławicowe, falisto-gruzłowe margliste wapienie pelitowe, w środkowej - grubo- i średnioławicowe, warstwowane przekątnie wapienie krynoidowe, w górnej - cienko- i średnioławicowe, uziarnione frakcjonalnie normalnie i warstwowane poziomo lub przekątnie wapienie organodetrytyczne oraz zbioturbowane wapienie pelitowe. Ogniwo margla ze Skały (odpowiadające wyróżnionemu przez Assmanna poziomowi margli ilastych) jest utworzone z warstw margli przeławiconych wapieniami pelitowymi i organodetry- tycznymi. Lokalnie dolną część jednostki stanowi zespół buł i fragmentów ławic spojonych marglem i przykrytych zlepieńcem śródformacyjnym z małymi intraklastami. Ogniwo wapienia komórkowego z Emilówki (odpowiadające wyróżnione- mu przez Assmanna wapieniowi komórkowemu) budują w dolnej części masywne, warstwowane przekątnie i poziomo, cienko- i średnioławicowe wapienie organodetrytyczne i pelitowe, a w górnej - silnie porowate, cienkoławicowe wapienie margliste (dedolomity). Poziom wapienia marglistego z Odrowąża (odpowiadający wyróżnionym przez Assmanna gruboławicowym wapieniom i wkładkom wapieni falistych) jest zbudowany głównie z warstw margli, cienko- i średnioławicowych, uziarnionych frakcjonalnie normalnie i warstwowanych przekątnie lub poziomo wapieni organodetrytycznych oraz piaszczystych, a także cienkich warstw płytowych i falisto-gruzłowych wapieni pelitowych. Poziom wapienia z Malni (odpowiadający wyróżnionemu przez Assmanna poziomowi wapienia marglistego) tworzą cienko- i średnioławicowe, uziarnione frakcjonalnie normalnie i laminowane poziomo lub przekątnie wapienie organodetrytyczne oraz cienkoławicowe płytowe i faliste wapienie pelitowe. Ogniwo wapienia falistego z Ligockiej Góry (odpowiadające wyróżnionemu przez Assmanna głównemu poziomowi falistemu) zbudowane jest z pakietów falisto-gruzłowych wapieni pelitowych przewarstwionych cienko- i średnioławicowymi, uziarnionymi frakcjonalnie normalnie i warstwowanymi przekątnie lub poziomo wapieniami organodetrytycznymi oraz piaszczystymi.

EN

The Gogolin Formation, hitherto named the Gogolin Beds, is the lowermost lithostratigraphical unit of the Lower Muschelkalk in the Silesian-Cracow Upland, underlain by the Upper Buntsandstein carbonates and overlain by the Górażdże Formation carbonates. The formation is built of various carbonates which were deposited on a carbonate ramp during the late Olenekian or the early Anisian to the early Pelsonian. Assmann's (1944) lithostratigrapic subdivision was the basis for formalizing the lithostratigraphy of the Gogolin Formation. This Formation has recently been divided into four members and two horizons (still informal units, the boundary between them could not be defined). The lowermost unit, the Zakrzów Crinoidal Limestone Member (equivalent to Assmanmn's limestones with Pecten and Dadocrinus) is built of thin-bedded, wavy- bedded and crumpled marły pelitic limestones (the lower part of the member), thick- to medium-bedded, cross-bedded crinoidal limestones (the middle part) and thin- to medium-bedded, graded, horizontally and cross-bedded bioclastic lime-stones and wavy-bedded pelitic limestones (the upper part). The Skała Marl Member (equivalent to Assmann's horizon of clayey marls) consists of marls interbedded with pelitic and bioclastic limestones. The lowermost part of this member is locally built of broken-up limestone beds and lumps which are covered by an intraformational conglomerate with small intraclasts. The Emilówka Cellular Limestone Member (equivalent to Assmann's cellular limestone) consists of massive, cross- bedded, thin- to medium-bedded bioclastic and pelitic limestones (the lower part of the member), and strongly porous, thin- bedded marły limestones that are, in fact, dedolomitized dolomites (the upper part). The Odrowąż marly limestone horizon (equivalent to Assmann's thick-bedded limestones and wavy-bedded limestone intercalations) is mainly built of marls, thin- to medium-bedded, graded, cross-bedded and horizontally bedded bioclastic limestones and thin layers of platy and wavy- bedded pelitic limestones. The Malnia limestone horizon (equivalent to Assmann's horizon of marly limestone) consists of thin- to medium-bedded, graded, horizontally and cross-bedded bioclastic limestones, thin-bedded, platy and wavy-bedded pelitic limestones. The Ligota Hill Wavy-Bedded Limestone Member (equivalent to Assmann's main horizon of wavy-bedded limestone) is built of wavy-bedded and crumpled pelitic limestones intercalated with medium- to thin-bedded, graded, cross- and horizontally bedded, bioclastic limestones.

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Calcite pseudomorphs after evaporates from the Muschelkalk (Middle Triassic) of the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland)

Bodzioch Adam

Geologos

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2003

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Vol. 6

169--180

EN

Pseudomorphs after sulphate minerals, together with accompanying phenomena, are the only evidence of evaporites in the Muschelkalk of the Holy Cross Mts. They appear as geodes or full-filled nodules built of coarse-crystalline calcite, and their after-evaporite origin have been interpreted on the ground of lithological, petrographical and geochemical characteristics. Evaporitic conditions of sedimentation are indicated mainly by remnants of sulphate minerals occurring commonly in the geodes, and by remnants of dolomite in the host rocks. Dissolution of sulphates, evidenced by collapse breccias, pseudomorphs, and pervasive calcitization of the geodes-bearing horizons, took place in consequence of fresh water influx, which is suggested by elemental and isotopic data.