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Innovative technology of tight liquidation of workings on the example of the Wieliczka Salt Mine

Gonet Andrzej, Stryczek Stanisław Antoni

Archives of Mining Sciences

2021

Vol. 66, no. 1

3--12

The authors of the paper describe the way in which the longitudinal working Gussmann was mined in level V and the longitudinal working Kosocice in level VI, which in both cases resulted in a water flux from behind the northern boundary of the salt deposit. Only after concrete dams were seated on both levels, the brine flux was stopped leaving a direct contact of the dams with the pressurized water around the mine. For the sake of controlling water beyond the dams, steel pipelines were conducted through both dams and equipped with gauges before the dams. Their use in a saline environment, the developing corrosion increased the possibility that the tightness of the pipelines would be damaged. For this reason a decision was made to protect the mine by making a tight reconstruction of the safety pillar in both levels along the longitudinal working for about 600 m from the dams eastwards. For this purpose the pipeline injection method was applied. As the volume of voids to be tightly filled equaled to about 3800 m3, the task had to be divided into stages. Because of considerable distances of the liquidated workings from the closest shaft, the sealing slurries were prepared in a special injection center on the surface from where they were transported to the destination with a pumping pipeline through the Kościuszko shaft. The most important aspect of liquidating the end parts of the longitudinal working was to properly select the sealing slurries in view of their best cooperation with the rock mass, and such parameters as tightness, durability and cost. At the end stage of works, both longitudinal workings were equipped with dams, which were sealed up with the hole injection method. The innovative technology was implemented in the Wieliczka Salt Mine to reconstruct the safety pillar in levels VI and V in the most westward workings, the mine was shortened by about 600 m, the length of the ventilation system was reduced, systematic observations and pressure read-outs in dams 3 and 4 were systematically eliminated in dams 3 and 4. In this way the costs were lowered and safety of the mine improved.

Przemieszczenia powierzchni nad historyczną kopalnią w Wieliczce

Kortas G.

Przegląd Górniczy

2007

T. 63, nr 3

4-12

Praca przedstawia wpływy zaciskania wyrobisk górniczych na powierzchnię kopalni w Wieliczce. Pokazano rozkłady osiadań w kilku okresach i próbę oszacowania rozkładu obniżeń wiatach 1960-2005 przez sumowanie niecek okresowych. Przedstawiono także rozkłady osiadań, przemieszczeń poziomych i odkształceń wykorzystując pomiar i modelowanie metodą funkcji wpływów. Oszacowano, że XX w. maksymalne osiadania wystąpiły w rejonie szybu Kościuszko i w latach 1926-2005 osiągnęły 2,96 m. Największy przyrost obniżeń - 71 mm/rok wystąpił w 1962 r. Osiadania reperów ujawniają zmniejszanie się prędkości osiadań od około 1980 r. Również przyrosty objętości niecki osiadań wykazują takie same zmiany w czasie. Przeprowadzono analizę wydobycia podsadzania wyrobisk w latach od 1919 do 2005. Sporządzono wykresy zmian czynników bilansu objętości, włączając konwergencję objętościową oszacowaną na podstawie obliczeń objętości niecki osiadań. Stwierdzono, że zmianę trendu zachowania się powierzchni na początku lat 80. wiązać można ze zmniejszaniem się objętości wyrobisk oddziałujących na tereny pogórnicze w Wieliczce. Dalsze konieczne prace podsadzkowe i zabezpieczające ograniczą deformacje powierzchni i pozwolą przede wszystkim utrzymać zabytkową kopalnię Wieliczka.

Effects of mining workings convergence on the surface of the mine at Wieliczka are presented. Subsidence distributions in a few time periods and an attempt to estimate the subsidence distributions in the years 1960-2006 are shown. Also distributions of subsidence, horizontal displacement and deformations are presented basing on measurements and influences function. It has been estimated that in the 20[th] century the maximal subsidence occurred in the region of Kościuszko shaft and in the years 1926-2005 amounted 2.96 m. The biggest increase of subsidence - 71 mm/year - occurred in the year 1962. Measuring points lowering shows reduction of subsidence rate from about 1980 year. Also the increases of the subsidence through volume show the same changes in the time. The analysis of the output and stowing of workings in the years 1919-2005 has been carried out. Diagrams of the volume balance components changes have been made, including volume convergence estimated on the basis of subsidence through volume calculations. It is stated that the change of the surface behaviour trend in the beginning of the years 1980[th], can be connected with reduction of the workings volume affecting the post-mining areas at Wieliczka. The further stowing and protecting operations will limit surface deformations and first of all allow to maintain the historical mine Wieliczka.