Artykuł przedstawia organizację nadzoru nad bezpieczeństwem i higieną pracy w górnictwie USA. Omawia podstawy prawne funkcjonowania nadzoru górniczego, organizację i sposób przeprowadzania kontroli oraz stosowane środki represji. W artykule przywołano statystyki dotyczące wypadkowości w górnictwie USA, wysokość nakładanych kar pieniężnych oraz najczęściej popełniane wykroczenia w zakładach górniczych.
EN
Mine Safety and Health Administration is an American federal agency developing and enforcing safety and health rules for all U.S. mines, providing educational and technical support to mine operators under the Federal Mine and Safety and Health Act of 1977 (Mine Act). MSHA distinguishes between coal and metal/non metal category of mines, that are being inspected by separate units. Under the Mine Act each underground mine is inspected at least four times annually, a surface – at least twice, with no chance to deny, giving no advance notice. To promote compliance with the provisions of the act, all violations are cited, with a wide range from $112 to even $242000 each, depending on the type of violation, considering 5 basic factors estimated for each mine too. Over years, the amount of dollars assessed has been fluctuating along with the number of citations and withdrawals. Recently the numbers have dropped, however, still the most frequently cited standards regard underground coal mining. For almost 40 years of MSHA’s supervision, number of fatalities as well as injury rates has significantly dropped, among all due to restricted Pattern of Violation rule or conducting impact inspections. Safety has became even more valuable to operators due to Dodd-Frank Act, requiring disclosing the mine safety information.
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