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1

Trzęsienie ziemi w Maroku

Wojnarowicz Michel

Inżynieria Morska i Geotechnika

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2023

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nr 5

217--221

PL

Informacja o tragicznym trzęsieniu ziemi o magnitudzie 6,8 w skali Richtera, do jakiego doszło we wrześniu 2023 roku w Maroku, w prowincji Al Haouz. Przyczyny i skutki trzęsienia ziemi w Maroku. Wytyczne Eurokodu 8 dotyczące klasyfikacji stref zagrożonych trzęsieniem ziemi oraz klas podłoża gruntowego i kategorii podatności budynków pod względem ryzyka sejsmicznego. Zalecenia konstrukcyjne budynków zwiększające bezpieczeństwo podczas trzęsień ziemi.

EN

Information about the tragic earthquake with a magnitude of 6.8 on the Richter scale that occurred in September 2023 in Morocco, in the Al Haouz province. Causes and effects of the earthquake in Morocco. Eurocode 8 guidelines for the classification of earthquake hazard zones and subsoil classes and building vulnerability categories in terms of seismic risk. Building design recommendations to increase earthquake safety.

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The impact of logistics performance index on port infrastructure quality: comparative study Tunisia Morocco

Ben Haj Ahmed Rahid, Bouzir Aida, Benhadj Mbarek Mohamed Heidi, Benammou Saloua

Archives of Transport

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2023

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Vol. 67, iss. 3

71--89

EN

This scientific article examines the relationship between logistics performance indices and port infrastructure quality in Tunisia and Morocco. The quality of port infrastructure (QPI) is an important component of the competitiveness port. It represents a driving force for the economic dynamics. This quality of port infrastructure is a complex subject on which a great deal of research has emerged in the last decade. The logistics performance index (LPI) serves as a crucial indicator to assess the efficiency and effectiveness of a country's logistics system. Accordingly, this paper aims to develop a model for assessing the quality of port infrastructure. The objective is to evaluate the development of port infrastructure to improve the competitiveness of port systems in two North African countries according to nine competitiveness criteria. The analysis involves statistical techniques such as regression modeling to establish relationships. The partial least squares (PLS) regression method is adopted to obtain a reliable estimate, using nine explanatory variables :(performance indicators) (overall, the frequency with which shipments reach their recipient within the set deadlines, The efficiency of customs clearance process, ease of arranging competitively priced shipments, Lead time to import, Lead time to export, competence and quality of logistics services, Liner Shipping Connectivity Index, Container port traffic) and quality of the port infrastructure (QPI) as dependent variable. The results of the analysis highlight the influence of logistics performance indices on port infrastructure quality in Tunisia and Morocco. The results of the test the model using the partial least squares, confirm a significant influence of the identified factors on the quality of port infrastructure. It found show that it is vital to improve logistics performance, which contributes to improving the quality of port infrastructure and increasing maritime trade; which promotes economic growth. Based on the results concerning the importance of port infrastructures, the quality of the latter is empirically examined. Our results show that Morocco tends to improve the quality of its infrastructure in order to improve its competitiveness. The originality of this research work consists in using the PLS (the partial least squares) regression method, which is contrary to previous studies, which have used other econometric methods in the same study field.

3

Modelling the costs of pre-hospital transport service for victims of road accidents in TDABC

Zerka Abdelaziz, Jawab Fouad

Archives of Transport

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2022

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Vol. 61, iss. 1

89--101

EN

The pre-hospital transport of victims of road accidents in Morocco by basic ambulances concerns the majority of the population of victims requiring urgent care. It also constitutes the common service that benefits the entire population of victims, in terms of pre-hospital care. The objective of this contribution is to develop a model for calculating the costs of pre-hospital transport of road accident victims using Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing (TDABC). This model could be effective in better understanding how consumption occurs and how resources are administered and distributed within the pre-hospital care service portfolio. The qualitative research approach that we have adopted in the context of this study has enabled us to map and identify all the activities and tasks carried out in the process of pre-hospital transport of road accident victims. The model obtained is flexible enough to adapt to the various situations of pre-hospital transport of road accident victims by basic ambulances. The application of this model in the Moroccan context, delimited in a well-defined round trip (civil protection - accident site - hospital - civil protection) demonstrates that the said model is valid for cost calculation. The calculations made (217.47 MAD, 224.31 MAD, 225.45 MAD and 226.59 MAD) allow us to identify the possible cases of victims transported by basic ambulance. However, the TDABC, applied to the pre-hospital transport of road accident victims, has some limitations, in particular the estimation of time which is the main key to the allocation of the consumed resources. The results show that the TDABC promotes a better knowledge of all the processes related to the pre-hospital transport service. It allows making visible the value of the costs of the victims of road accidents in the selected patient population. Indeed, when the model is used in the set of routes (black points), decision makers are able to see, on the one hand, the variation of costs between similar pre-hospital transport services and different routes for the same transport services and, on the other hand, the value of the costs of each category of road accident victims' population.

4

Comparison of Land Surface Temperature Before, During and After the Covid‑19 Lockdown Using Landsat Imagery: A Case Study of Casablanca City, Morocco

Taoufik Meryem, Laghlimi Meriem, Fekri Ahmed

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 15, no. 2

105--120

EN

Land Surface Temperature (LST) is an important variable within global cli mate change. With the appearance of remote sensing techniques and advanced GIS software, it is now possible to estimate LST. In this study, the effect of lock-down during COVID-19 on the LST was assessed using Landsat 8 Imagery. LST dynamic was investigated for three different periods: Before, during and after the COVID-19 lockdown. The study was conducted in Casablanca City. The results showed that during the emergence of COVID-19 with lock down policy applied, the LST decreases remarkably compared to the previous 4-years’ average LST. After the easing of restrictions, the LST increased to exceed the previous 4-year mean LST. Furthermore, throughout all studied periods, the LST recorded its higher values in industrial zones and areas with high urban density and urban transportation, which indicates the conspicuous impact of anthropogenic activities on the LST variation. These findings indicate an ability to assess the feasibility of planned lockdowns intended as a potential preventive mechanism to reduce LST peaks and the loss of air quality in metropolitan environments in the future.

5

The performance of tramway service from the users' viewpoint: A comparative analysis between two Moroccan cities

Zehmed Karim, Jawab Fouad

Archives of Transport

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2021

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Vol. 60, iss. 4

7--21

EN

The Moroccan government has recently promoted sustainable public transport projects such as tramway services namely in the two largest cities of country, Casablanca and Rabat-Salé. Since its launch, the tramway service is increasingly present in citizens' daily lives in both cities. To maintain its attractiveness, operators and transport authorities should examine the performance of tramway service from user’s point of view. That is, an in-depth understanding of how passengers perceive service quality and what make them satisfied. The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of tramway service in the two cities based on the opinions of a sample size of 613 and 435 individuals in each city. The outcome of this peer comparison allows to determine the strengths and weaknesses of provided service and identify priorities for improvement in each city. Regarding the methodology, we adopted a two-step approach to achieve our research purpose. The first stage intends to compare users' perceptions regarding Service Quality Attributes (SQAs) and overall satisfaction and to identify any significant differences between the two cities. To this end, we applied, in the first stage, a student t-test of two independent samples. The second stage employs an ordered probit regression model to identify the most important SQA; i.e., which most influence the overall satisfaction, and improvements priorities for the current service tramway. The results showed that, in average, passengers found service quality as good and are satisfied with tramway service in both cities. Tram vehicles’ is the best appreciated service attribute in both cities while Comfort in Rabat-Salé and Lines’ connectivity in Casablanca are the least appreciated. Moreover, the service performance of Rabat-Salé tramway exceeds that of Casablanca tramway in terms of service Availability, service Reliability, Fares level, Tram vehicle, Drivers’ competence, Lines’ connectivity, and overall satisfaction. On the other hand, we found that among top six important attributes, Reliability and Administrators should be prioritized for improvement in Casablanca; and staff, Lines, Comfort, and Administrators in Rabat-Salé. Results showed that improvements in all these service aspects would increase significantly overall user’s satisfaction.

6

Natural radionuclides (NORM) in a Moroccan river affected by former conventional metal mining activities

Manjón Guillermo, Mantero Juan, Vioque Ignacio, Díaz-Francés Inmaculada, Galván José Antonio, Chakiri Said, Choukri Abdelmajid, García-Tenorio Rafael

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2019

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Vol. 18, iss. 1

45--51

EN

The main aim of this work was to determine the levels of multiple natural radionuclides in an aquatic system (Moulouya river, Morocco) impacted by multiple abandoned Zinc and Lead mines. 238U, 234U, 232Th, 230Th and 210Po were determined by alpha-particle spectrometry in water and sediment samples collected along the river and in samples from three pit lakes of abandoned mines, located in the Upper Moulouya catchment area. The results enabled the analysis of the different levels of impact of former mining activities, depending on the natural radionuclides. While the activity concentration of U-isotopes in Moulouya river water was slightly elevated in the vicinity of abandoned mine wastes, other natural radionuclides (Th-isotopes and 210Po) levels were typical of a natural environment. This fact is clearly reflected in the magnitude and range observed in the distribution coefficients for the different radionuclides analyzed.

7

Mosasauroid predation on an ammonite – Pseudaspidoceras – from the Early Turonian of south-eastern Morocco

Gale A. S., Kennedy W. J., Martill D.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2017

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Vol. 67, no. 1

31--46

EN

A juvenile specimen of the ammonite Pseudaspidoceras from the Early Turonian of the Goulmima area in the Province of Er-Rachida in south-eastern Morocco shows clear evidence of predation by a tooth-bearing verte-brate. Most of the body chamber is missing, as a result of post-burial compactional crushing. The adapertural part of the shell on the left flank of the surviving fragment of body chamber bears six circular punctuations; the right flank four. These are interpreted as the product of a single bite by a mosasauroid, probably a Tethysaurus. The taxonomy of the Goulmima Pseudaspidoceras is discuused in an appendix.

8

Zespoły architektoniczne presaharyjskich dolin Maroka objęte programem ochrony konserwatorskiej UNESCO

Kwiatkowska-Baster B.

Wiadomości Konserwatorskie

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2015

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Nr 43

18--27

PL

Maroko posiada osiem obiektów wpisanych na listę Światowego Dziedzictwa UNESCO. Większość z nich to mediny – starówki miejskie centralnej i północnej części kraju. Część południowa, granicząca z terytoriami saharyjskimi budziła do niedawna mniejsze zainteresowanie badaczy. Ait-bin-Haddu, nieopodal Warzazat, to jedyny zespół architektoniczny na tej liście, choć podobnych mu wspaniałych zabytków na południu Maroka w dolinach Dra, Ziz i Tafilalt nie brakuje. Ich największą wartością, oprócz niespotykanej formy, jest przetrwały przez stulecia sposób budowania z tradycyjnych, pozornie nietrwałych materiałów. Czynniki atmosferyczne, ale również w coraz większej mierze działalność człowieka, wpływają destrukcyjnie na bezcenne budowle. W celu ich ratowania obecne władze kraju, przy współpracy z UNESCO, wprowadzają zakrojony na szeroką skalę interdyscyplinarny program konserwatorski.

EN

Morocco boasts eight objects entered into the UNESCO World Heritage List. The majority of them are medina quarters – old town districts found in the central and northern part of the country. Until recently, the southern part bordering on the Saharan territories did not arouse much scientifi c interest. Ait-bin-Haddu, near Warzazat, is the only architectonic complex on the List, although similar magnifi cent monuments can be found in the south of Morocco, in the Dra, Ziz and Tafilalt valleys. Besides their unique form, their greatest value lies in the manner of their construction using traditional, seemingly impermanent materials which have survived for centuries. Weather conditions, but also man’s activity on an increasing scale, have a destructive infl uence on the priceless buildings. In order to preserve them, the current government with the help of the UNESCO, have introduced a large-scale interdisciplinary conservation programme.

9

Integrated biostratigraphy across the Aalenian/Bajocian boundary of the Central High Atlas, Morocco

Sadki D.

Volumina Jurassica

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2015

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Vol. 13, no. 1

27--42

EN

This work presents an integrated biostratigraphic study across the Aalenian/Bajocian boundary of the Central High Atlas of Morocco. The data that are the basis for this study were obtained from the region of Rich that is located in the center of the basin of the Moroccan High Atlas. This region presents a thick Aalenian–Bajocian succession with continuous marine sedimentation, which offers a rich and varied fauna whose analysis enables the compilation of an integrated biostratigraphy based on the different paleontological groups: ammonites, belemnites, brachiopods, bivalves, gastropods, calcareous nannofossils, foraminifera and ostracods.

10

Medyna - element kształtujący tożsamość miast marokańskich

Zierke P.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Architektura i Urbanistyka

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2013

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Z. 29

193--200

PL

Medyna oznacza starą dzielnicę w miastach arabskich, choć przykład przytoczony w artykule jest dowodem na to, że nazwę tę noszą także współczesne realizacje urbanistyczne, które nawiązują charakterem do starych dzielnic marokańskich. Termin ten jest stosowany na ogół w miastach Afryki Północnej. Marokańska medyna zajmuje zwykle otoczony murami nieregularny obszar. W centrum medyny jest zlokalizowany Wielki Meczet, oraz położona zwykle nieopodal medresa (szkoła koraniczna), jak również suk, czyli targ miejski. Oddalenie od meczetu stanowiło wyznacznik statusu materialnego i społecznego. Od wspomnianych cech charakterystycznych istnieją odstępstwa. To one, oraz inne przedstawione w artykule cechy, decydują o charakterze i tożsamości marokańskich miast. Będą one opisane na podstawie analizy medyn w Fezie, Rabacie i Agadirze.

EN

Medina means the old district in Arabian cities, however the examples show that this name is given also to the contemporary districts, which refer in style to the traditional, old Moroccan districts. This term is used usually in North African cities. Moroccan medinas are often the irregular areas, surrounded with walls. In its center there is a Great Mosque located, as well as madrasah (Quran school) situated in close distance and souq (open-air mar- ketplace).The building's distance from the Great Mosque was an indicator of financial and social status. However, from above mentioned rules there are some derogations. These features, as well as others presented in this elaboration decide on the nature and identity of Moroccan cities. The analysis will be based on the examples of medinas in Fes, Rabat and Agadir.

11

The Cambrian trilobites of Jordan - taxonomy, systematic and stratigraphic significance

Elicki O., Geyer G.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2013

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Vol. 63, no. 1

1-56

EN

Marine carbonates and siliciclastic rocks of the Burj Formation in Jordan include paucispecific trilobite associations of the (traditional) Lower. Middle Cambrian boundary interval. Comprehensive new material of these trilobites allows a review of their taxonomy and systematic positions as well as a refined morphological description and a reconsideration of previous interpretations of their stratigraphic position and thus the correlation of the fossiliferous beds. In addition to the classic species Kingaspis campbelli (King, 1923) and Redlichops blanckenhorni Richter and Richter, 1941, Timnaella? orientalis (Picard, 1942) and Hesa problematica Richter and Richter, 1941, the discussed trilobites include Issalia gen. nov. with Issalia scutalis gen. nov., sp. nov., Tayanaspis gen. nov. with Tayanaspis bulbosus gen. nov., sp. nov., Uhaymiria gen. nov. with Uhaymiria glabra gen. nov., sp. nov., Cambrunicornia? jafnaensis sp. nov., Myopsolenites palmeri (Parnes, 1971), M. hyperion sp. nov., and Enixus cf. antiquus (Chernysheva, 1956). Myopsolenites boutiouiti Geyer and Landing, 2004 is now regarded as a junior synonym of Myopsolenites altus (Lian and Gozalo, 1986). A detailed discussion of the correlation with a focus on global aspects provides clues for the utility of potential index fossils for the global Cambrian Series 3 and Stage 5.

12

Reżim wiatru a rozwój wydm gwiaździstych ergu Chebbi (południowe Maroko)

Biejat K.

Landform Analysis

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2012

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Vol. 20

5-11

PL

Wydmy gwiaździste (wydmy piramidalne, demkhas, ghourds, rhourds, oghrouds) są najmniej rozpoznanymi formami akumulacji eolicznej. Ich występowanie wiąże się z obszarami charakteryzującymi się złożonym reżimem wiatru - o co najmniej trzech kierunkach wiatru wydmotwórczego. Wykorzystując przestrzenne modele 16 form wydmowych, wykonane na podstawie szczegółowych pomiarów terenowych, przeanalizowano kształt wydm ergu Chebbi. Położenie i przebieg ramion porównano z reżimem wiatru. Określono dominujące kierunki wiatru wydmotwórczego dla wydm gwiaździstych oraz wydm poprzecznych w różnych fazach rozwoju, od form inicjalnych do dojrzałych. Stwierdzono, że rozwój wydm gwiaździstych ergu Chebbi związany jest tylko z dwoma kierunkami wiatru wydmotwórczego: SW i NE. Uzyskane wyniki pozwalają wnioskować, że obszary, na których dominują dwa kierunki wiatru, stanowią potencjalne regiony tworzenia się wydm gwiaździstych.

EN

Star dunes (pyramid dunes, demkhas, ghourds, rhourds, oghrouds) are the least studied dune type. Their development is typically associated with multidirectional wind regime. The aim of the study was to analyze the star dunes shape and correlate it with wind regime. This was made on the basis of detailed field measurements conducted within the Erg Chebbi (S Morocco), which allow to create 3D models of 16 dune forms. The position and orientation of dune arms were compared with wind regime. This allow to determine the main wind directions, which influence the development of star and transverse dunes in this area. The analysis is made for dune in different stages, from initial to mature forms. The results show that development of star dune on Erg Chebbi is connected with two wind directions, SW and NE wind. This allows to conclude that the areas with two dominant wind directions (bimodal wind regime) are the potential regions of star dune development.

13

Zróżnicowanie procesów eolicznych w kształtowaniu wydm południowego Maroka

Dłużewski M.

Landform Analysis

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2008

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Vol. 9

183--186

14

Gospodarowanie wodą w Maroku

Gromiec M. J.

Gospodarka Wodna

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2006

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Nr 11

431-433

PL

Przedstawiono gospodarowanie wodą w Królestwie Maroka - państwie feżącym nad Morzem Śródziemnym i Oceanem Atlantyckim w północno-zachodniej Afryce.

EN

The paper presents the management of water in the Kingdom of Morocco-the state situated on the sea-shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean in the North-Western Africa.

15

Maroko - lokalny charakter architektury

Górski K.

Kwartalnik Architektury i Urbanistyki

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2002

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T. 47, z. 2

147-161

EN

Projects by the Warsaw-based architect kazimierz Górski, executed in 1979-1990 for Morocco, Tunis and Saudi Arabia. Alongside his own projects the author presents in a highly captivating manner his notes on the culture and natural environment of Morocco.