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Uwagi o działalności urbanistycznej oraz architektonicznej Firlejów w XVI w.

Tekielak A.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Architektura

1999

R. 96, z. 1-A

121-153

In the 16th century Polish lands underwent a period of intesive urbanization. The process generally involved founding towns on private lands owned by distinguished magnate families. One of them wasthe family of Firlejs. The Firlejs arranged setting upurban centves on their estates. The centres were located according to certain rational economic rules. They were settled on their lands surrounded by villages that were alco their property. These towns served as administrative and economic centers for surrounding estates and also performed a residential function. Among such centres that came into, being owing to the Firlejs were Janowiec, Lubartów, Markuszów, Czemierniki, Baranów, Radomy?l Wielki, Firlej, Firlejów Lwowski, Serock, Kozienice. These private owned urban centers ware established for the sake of profit. They were as source of considerable income for their owners. Apart from building towns, the Firlejs were intensely involved with economy and management of their estates. They erected grand residential castels founded churches and developed education system (Arian grammar school, Calvinist grammar school). They employed the best artist like Santii Gucii, Jan maria Padowano and Filip Canavessi. The majority of the towns built by the Firlejs were to be open to the public as the purpose of their existence was to profit from organizing fains and markets. It took the urban layont of these economic centers a fairy long time to shape. These structures followed the pattern of crossing the whole spatial arrangement with two axes of streets. The stresst intersected in the middle of the squerre - shaped or aprosimalety squere - shaped market place. There was a town hall most frequently erected at the interection of the axes. The great majority of these towns, apart from Lubartów, have never grown to became lange centers.