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1
Content available Preliminary results of a system-theoretic assessment of maritime autonomous surface ships’ safety
Wróbel K., Krata P., Montewka J.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2019
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Vol. 13. no. 4
717--723
EN
While a system-theoretic approach to the safety analysis of innovative socio-technical systems gains a growing acceptance among academia, safety issues of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) remain largely unexplored. Therefore, we applied a System-Theoretic Process Analysis to develop and analyze a preliminary model of the unmanned shipping system in order to elaborate safety recommendations for future developers of the actual system. Results indicate that certain advancements shall be undertaken in relation to MASS’ software solutions in particular.
2
Content available Operations of maritime autonomous surface ships
Pietrzykowski J., Pietrzykowski Z., Hajduk J.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2019
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Vol. 13. no. 4
725--733
EN
Advancing technologies create unique opportunities for constructing autonomous ships, which, in turn, raise growing interest of the maritime industry, shipowners in particular. These authors have analyzed actions taken in this field and some aspects related to the operations of maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS). The presented case study refers to a ship with a skeleton crew on a deep sea voyage, where the ship’s autonomy is narrowed to the fourth stage of transport task – sea voyage and its navigational aspect.
3
Content available Merging conventionally navigating ships and MASS - Merging VTS, FOC and SCC?
Baldauf M., Fischer S., Kitada M., Mehdi R. A., Al-Quhali M. A., Fiorini M.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2019
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Vol. 13, no. 3
495--501
EN
Current maritime transportation and shipping is characterized by rapid technological developments effecting the basic concepts of operating ships and even changing traditional paradigms of controlling ships. The e-Navigation concept of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) specifically aims at more comprehensive and reliable support of the human operators on-board and ashore. However, autonomous unmanned ships remote controlled or even autonomously navigating are expected to come soon. In this paper, selected operational aspects of maritime traffic merging conventional and unmanned remote controlled ships in coastal areas are discussed. Furthermore, some preliminary results of experimental simulation studies into a future scenario of maritime traffic are presented and preliminary conclusions in respect to job profiling and training requirements are discussed.
4
Content available Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) and the COLREGS: Do we need quantified rules or is “the ordinary practice of seamen” specific enough?
Porathe T.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2019
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Vol. 13, no. 3
511--517
EN
Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) is currently on the agenda in several countries and also in the IMO. In Norway a 120 TEU container feeder is being build and will start sailing autonomously in 2022. The challenge is huge. One question is whether or not the present, quantitative, collision regulations needs to be updated to rules where expressions as “early” and “substantial” are quantified? Or if ships can sail autonomously under the present rules? Another question is if MASS should be marked to signal that the ship is in autonomous mode? Or if it is enough that she follows COLREGS? This discussion paper will take a closer look at these questions and advocate automation transparency, meaning that the behavior of an autonomous vessel has to make sense and be understandable to human operators on other manned ships and crafts.
5
Content available Addressing theaccidental risks of maritime transportation: could autonomous shipping technology improve the statistics?
Hoem Å.S., Fjørtoft K., Rødseth Ø.J.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2019
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Vol. 13, no. 3
487--494
EN
A paradigm shift is presently underway in the shipping industry promising safer, greener and more efficient ship traffic. In this article, we will look at some of the accidents from conventional shipping and see if they could have been avoided with autonomous ship technology. A hypothesis of increased safety is often brought forward, and we know from various studies that the number of maritime accidents that involves what is called “human error” ranges from some 60‐90 percent. If we replace the human with automation, can we then reduce the number of accidents? On the other hand, is there a possibility for new types of accidents to appear? What about the accidents that are today averted by the crew? This paper will present a method to assess these different aspects of the risk scenarios in light of the specific capabilities and constraints of autonomous ships.
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