The International Hydrographic Organization’s (IHO) [1] Transfer Standard for Digital Hydrographic Data S-57 [2] standard has been in force for more than a decade, and has successfully been used for official ENCs adopted by Hydrographic Offices around the world and by navigation equipment manufacturers. Additionally S-57 has been used for many additional purposes. However S-57, and especially the administration of the standard, has also experienced limitations. In 2010, IHO released the next generation hydrographic standard called S-100 Universal Hydrographic Data Model [3]. A move that will open up the door to new possibilities to existing S-57 users and potentially broaden the use of IHO standards in the hydrographic community. This paper will try to explain why an S-57 replacement was needed and give examples on some possibilities with S-100 and its derived product specifications such as S-101.
This paper aims to introduce GIS, its definition, principle, application in any discipline particularly maritime, its process, data sets and features and its benefits to maritime and universities. Specifically, the paper intends to provide an overview of its wide applications in maritime including but not limited to marine transportation, marine environment, port management and operation, maritime education and training (MET) and maritime research. GIS simplest task is in mapping and visualization. But its most important function is in spatial analysis. Spatial analysis takes into account the location, geometry, topology, and relationships of geographic data, which lend itself to intelligent decision making. GIS is not just for researchers and students. GIS is especially useful for decision makers such as: managers, administrators, and directors of large and small projects. Scenarios are “seen” and analyzed even before events happen. To planners and decision makers, this is very important because they can assess the impact of events or scenario and may save a lot of time, effort, and money before implementing the actual project. An additional skill on GIS when learned or thought would certainly result to a technically competent maritime global workforce. The paper would provide ideas on possible areas for collaborations among TransNav member institutions for data sharing which may be processed and analyzed by a GIS specialist.
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