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1
Content available An Empirical Survey on the Role of Human Error in Marine Incidents
Mokhtari A., Khodadadi H. R.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2013
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Vol. 7, no. 3
363--367
EN
Error is a part of human. Despite that organizations are trying to reduce error to the zero level, this goal is unachievable. As far as human operation is taking place in a complicated environment, error will occurred, and its possibility would be increased under the conditions of stress, extra loading work, and fatigue. One of the most important transportation modes is marine transportations. The sea is an unsafe place that kills many by a simple event. Every year there are thousands of marine accidents that result in injuries, casualties, marine pollutions and also massive financial loss. To reduce the accidents, there should be more attention to the factors such as suitable training of human resource, proper implementation of national and international laws and regulations, vessels and the equipment on board them, port facilities, and also the utilities for marine search and rescue. In this research 1816 marine accidents have been studied in five Iranian shipping companies. 17 factors are known to be effective in occurrence of human error in these accidents. Four factors of the most influence are negligence, poor training, inadequate tools, and lack of skill and experience.
2
Content available Managing and Predicting Maritime and Off-shore Risk
Duffey R. B., Saull J. W.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2009
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Vol. 3, no. 2
181--188
EN
We wish to predict when an accident or tragedy will occur, and reduce the probability of its occurrence. Maritime accidents, just like all the other crashes and failures, are stochastic in their occurrence. They can seemingly occur as observed outcomes at any instant, without warning. They are due to a combination of human and technological system failures, working together in totally unexpected and/or undetected ways, occurring at some random moment. Massive show the cause is due to an unexpected combination or sequence of human, management, operational, design and training mistakes. Once we know what happened, we can fix the engineering or design failures, and try to obviate the human ones. We utilize reliability theory applied to humans, and show how the events rates and probability in shipping is related to other industries and events through the human involvement. We examine and apply the learning hypothesis to shipping losses and other events at sea, including example Case Studies stretching over some 200 years of: (a) merchant and fishing vessels; (b) oil spills and injuries in off-shore facilities; and (c) insurance claims, inspection rules and premiums. These include major losses and sinkings as well as the more everyday events and injuries. By using good practices and achieving a true learning environment, we can effectively defer the chance of an accident, but not indefinitely. Moreover, by watching our experience and monitoring our rate, understand and predict when we are climbing up the curve. Comparisons of the theory to all available human error data show a reasonable level of accord with the learning hypothesis. The results clearly demonstrate that the loss (human error) probability is dynamic, and may be predicted using the learning hypothesis. The future probability estimate is derivable from its unchanged prior value, based on learning, and thus the past frequency predicts the future probability. The implications for maritime activities is discussed and related to the latest work on managing risk, and the analysis of trends and safety indicators.
3
Content available Ice Conditions and Human Factors in Marine Accidents at the Arctic
Marchenko N.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2009
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Vol. 3, no. 4
409--414
EN
All activities in the Arctic are conducted near the limit of technological opportunities and human abilities. But the drain of resources in the areas convenient for development obliges us to look at this severe polar region. The main objectives of the PetroArctic project (offshore and coastal technology for petroleum production and transport from arctic water) as a part of PETROMAX and MarSafe project (Marine Safety Management) are to obtain and provide information for safety of Arctic operation such as hydrocarbons production and transport from Polar seas. One of the tasks is a collection of ice pilot experiences from the people involved in the Arctic activities to learn how they felt in these conditions, how they solved difficult tasks and managed the ice. Items of special interest are connected to lost vessels and other marine accidents. Appreciable amount of written documentation and interviews have been processed and organized into a data base of marine accidents in Russian Arctic since 1900. It includes a set of maps where the locations of the accidents are shown with a description of the accidents (date, geographical environment, vessel type, what happened and how the people acted, etc). This paper includes the map for Kara Sea and descriptions of several accidents in the eastern part of Arctic as example of different situations, as well as the principles of the data base construction and accidents classification.
4
Content available The Model of Oil Spills Due to Ships Collisions in Southern Baltic Area
Gucma L., Przywarty M.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2008
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Vol. 2, no. 4
415--419
EN
The paper presents implementation of probabilistic ships collision model to evaluation of possible oil spills in the Southern Baltic Sea area. The results of the model is time, place and size of the oil spill due to ships collision. The results could be used for oil spill response action plans. The paper will open the discussion about validation of achieved results and will try to answer the question about verification of Baltic Sea oil spills data in comparison to worlds statistics.
5
Content available Statistical Studies on Marine Accidents Happened on the Bohai Sea
Wu Z., Zhao J., Li G.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2008
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Vol. 2, no. 2
183--186
EN
a statistical study is carried out on the basis of information of marine traffic accidents occurred from 1996 to 2005 on the Bohai Sea. The time distribution and geographic distribution of the marine traffic accidents, as well as the relationships between the accidents and weather condition, type of accidents area, accident category, size of ships are analyzed, which provide references for adopting safety decision-making and take relative precautionary measures to avoid and decrease occurrence of accidents.
6
Content available Construction of the Ship’s Technical Failure Model to Assess its Navigational Safety
Gucma L., Gralak R.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2008
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Vol. 2, no. 2
173--176
EN
The ship technical failures contribution in overall number of navigational accidents are significantly smaller than those caused by human factor but in safety analysis they cannot be neglected. The paper presents methodology of modeling the technical failures of ships with respect of most important ship systems such as main engine, power generators and steering gear. The repair time is also taken into account. The data for simulation was obtained from analysis of ships statistical data of polish owners. The model could be used mostly in assessment with projecting phase of ship appliances, simulating owner’s economical analysis or generating random events in marine simulators.
7
Content available Analysis of Sea Accidents in 2006
Bogalecka M., Popek M.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2008
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Vol. 2, no. 2
179--182
EN
There are less than a hundred accidents and incidents reported in 2006. The information about accidents was logged on to Centre of Documentation, Research and Experimentation on Accidental Water Pollution (CEDRE) and International Maritime Organization websites. Types of ships involved in accidents, location of casualties, types of initial events, consequences and seasons of sea accident were analysed.
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