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1

Episkeletozoans and bioerosional ichnotaxa on isolated bones of Late Cretaceous mosasaurs and cheloniid turtles from the Maastricht area, the Netherlands

Jagt John W.M., Deckers Mart J.M., De Leebeeck Magda, Donovan Stephen K., Nieuwenhuis Eric

Geologos

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2020

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Vol. 26, No. 1

39--49

EN

Isolated bones of three taxa of marine reptiles (Mosasaurus hoffmannii Mantell, Plioplatecarpus marshi Dollo and Allopleuron hofmanni (Gray)) from various levels within the Maastricht Formation (upper Maastrichtian) at the former ENCI-Heidelberg Cement Group quarry (Maastricht, the Netherlands) exhibit bioerosional traces and encrustation. Episkeletozoans include dimyid, ostreid and monopleurid bivalves, at least three species of cheilostome and cyclostome bryozoans and two adnate calcareous foraminifera. The bones show biting traces (Gnathichnus pentax Bromley, Linichnus cf. serratus Jacobsen & Bromley and Machichnus isp.), as well as borings. The latter may be referred to Karethraichnus lakkos Zonneveld, Bartels, Gunnell & McHugh, which is here considered to be a junior synonym of Gastrochaenolites isp.

2

Late Cretaceous foraminiferids from sections in the Zabratówka area (Skole Nappe, Outer Carpathians)

Kowalczewska O., Gasiński A.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2018

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Vol. 88, No. 1

71--85

EN

Well preserved Late Cretaceous–Palaeogene planktonic and benthic foraminiferal assemblages were studied in the Zabratówka section of the Ropianka Formation in the Skole Nappe. The Racemiguembelina fructicosa and Abathomphalus mayaroensis standard foraminiferal biozones were distinguished. The K-T boundary was recognized within the interval between samples ZB10B–ZB9A, mainly composed of marly mudstones, interlayered with thin-bedded sandstones, and is characterized by the disappearance of planktonic taxa and an abundance of agglutinated species. Foraminiferal assemblages, collected from the turbiditic flysch-type sediments, indicate a primary depositional environment on the outer shelf to the upper part of the continental slope, with shallowing during the Maastrichtian in the part of the Skole Basin studied. The foraminiferids correspond to the assemblages of a palaeobiogeographical “transition” zone, located between the Boreal and Tethyan domains.

3

The Upper Campanian - lower Maastrichtian cephalopod fauna of Botellos, Nuevo León: a key to understand faunal turnover across the Campanian-Maastrichtian boundary in NE Mexico

Ifrim C., Lara de la Cerda J. E., Peña Ponce V. H., Stinnesbeck W.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2017

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Vol. 67, no. 1

145--162

EN

A new cephalopod collection from the Campanian-Maastrichtian boundary interval of NE Mexico, consisting of 1076 individuals assigned to 29 species and 22 genera is presented. This collection is a mix of ammonoids, one coleoid and one nautilid, which originate from at least three ammonoid biozones: The upper Campanian Exiteloceras jenneyi and Nostoceras (Nostoceras) hyatti zones, and the lower Maastrichtian Pachydiscus (Pachydiscus) neubergicus Zone. The age of the collection is thus middle late Campanian to late early Maastrichtian, and it closes a stratigraphic gap between faunas described formerly from this region. The specimens are nuclei collected from the desert pavement. The abundance of specimens allows for a comparison to other Campanian-Maastrichtian ammonoid records from Mexico, North America and Europe.

4

Encrustation of inarticulate brachiopods on scaphitid ammonites and inoceramid bivalves from the Upper Cretaceous U. S. Western Interior

Landman N. H., Slattery J. S., Harries P. J.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2016

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Vol. 66, no. 4

645--662

EN

The inarticulate brachiopod Discinisca is a rare faunal element in the Upper Cretaceous of the U.S. Western Interior. We report two occurrences of encrustation of Discinisca on a scaphitid ammonite (scaphite) and several inoceramids from the lower Maastrichtian Baculites baculus/Endocostea typica Biozones of the Pierre Shale at two localities. Six specimens of Discinisca are present on a single specimen of Hoploscaphites crassus from eastcentral Montana. They occur along the furrow at the mature apertural margin. Because the brachiopods are restricted to the margin and do not occur on the rest of the shell, it is likely that they encrusted the ammonite during its lifetime. If so, this implies that the soft body of the scaphite did not cover the outside surface of the aperture, leaving this area vulnerable to epizoan attachment. A total of 13 specimens of Discinisca are also present on four specimens of Cataceramus? barabini from east-central Wyoming. The brachiopods occur in crevices on the outside of the shells and may have encrusted the inoceramids after their death as the shells began to break down and delaminate, resulting from the decomposition of the organic matrix holding them together. Based on the faunal assemblages at both localities, the presence of Discinisca may indicate environments with either low oxygen levels and/or few predators or competitors.

5

The Belemnitella stratigraphy of the Upper Campanian : basal Maastrichtian of the Middle Vistula section, central Poland

Remin Z.

Geological Quarterly

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2015

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Vol. 59, No. 4

783--813

EN

This taxonomy and stratigraphy of the Upper Campanian and Lower Maastrichtian Belemnitella lineages, from the Middle Vistula sections, based on new collections, is presented. The correlation to the basal Maastrichtian standard GSSP at Tercis, France, is provided based on inoceramid bivalve stratigraphy. The Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), particularly the self-organizing Kohonen algorithm, was applied to taxonomic discrimination. Eight morphotypes within the genus Belemnitella, understood here as natural species populations, were recognised. Five of these are assigned to known taxa: Belemnitella mucronata, B. posterior, B. minor [= B. minor I and B. minor II], B. langei and B. najdini; and three, B. sp. a, B. sp. 1 and B. sp. 2, are left in open nomenclature. Four Belemnitella zones are proposed. Due to its palaeogeographic position, between Western and Eastern Europe, the Middle Vistula section is characterized by the co-occurrence of Belemnitella species from those two areas. Consequently, it enables better correlation of Belemnitella-based schemes; the East European B. najdini and B. posterior are placed next to West European B. minor chronospecies I and II. The Campanian/Maastrichtian boundary, as currently defined, is placed at the top of the najdini – posterior Zone, which is an equivalent of the Belemnella-based boundary, i.e. at the base of the Belemnella obtusa / Belemnella vistulensis zones. Within the top of the najdini – posterior Zone occurs a level (an interval of only a few metres), where nearly all of the Upper Campanian Belemnitella disappear. This level coincides with taxonomic changes observed within the co-occurring representatives of genus Belemnella.

6

The Belemnella stratigraphy of the Campanian-Maastrichtian boundary; a new methodological and taxonomic approach

Remin Z.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2012

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Vol. 62, no. 4

495-533

EN

The taxonomy and stratigraphy of the Upper Campanian and Lower Maastrichtian belemnites from the Vistula (central Poland) and Kronsmoor (northern Germany) sections are revised on the basis of new collections from the Vistula section as well as a reinvestigation of the classic collection of Schulz from the Kronsmoor section. For the taxonomic description a new biometric procedure is proposed, which can be applied to both the genera Belemnella and Belemnitella. For the species-level taxa recognition the Artificial Neural Networks method, the self-organizing Kohonen algorithm, was implemented. This new taxonomic and methodological approach enabled the recognition of nine species of the genus Belemnella. Five of them can be assigned to the existing species B. lanceolata, B. longissima, B. inflata, B. obtusa and B. vistulensis. However, the species concept differs from that applied by Schulz (1979). As a consequence, the stratigraphic ranges of these species are modified. Four species are left in open nomenclature and represent possibly new species. Future studies may reveal that they might be assigned to East European forms from Ukraine or Russia. The species of Belemnella recognized are placed into the stratigraphic framework based on the standard ammonite and inoceramid bivalve zonations, especially those recognized in the Vistula section. The newly proposed belemnite zonation for the Vistula and Kronsmoor sections is correlated via inoceramids with the standard GSSP at Tercis, France, in order to identify the base of the Maastrichtian Stage. The Campanian/Maastrichtian boundary as defined in Tercis is placed here at the base of the newly defined B. obtusa and B. vistulensis Zones ["obtusa/vistulensis"] - thus it is markedly higher than the traditional boundary based on the FAD of representatives of the genus Belemnella - This new boundary coincides well with a distinct turnover of belemnite guard morphology and represents one of the most important points in the early evolutionary history of Belemnella. Three belemnite zones defined by their lower boundaries are recognized in the Campanian/Maastrichtian interval, in addition to three subzones recognized within the B. obtusa Superzone. The B. lanceolata and B. inflata zones as understood here are referred to the Upper Campanian [Tercis definition]. The B. obtusa Zone is subdivided into three subzones, viz.: Belemenlla vistulensis, Belemnella sp. G and Belemnella sp. F, which are referred to the Lower Maastrichtian [Tercis definition]. The fast evolving species of Belemnella enable the proposal of a biostratigraphic scheme with a resolution that is higher than those based on inoceramid bivalves and ammonites - the longevity of a belemnite zone could be as low as 200Ky.

7

Stratigraphically important ammonites from the Campanian-Maastrichtian boundary interval of the Middle Vistula River section, central Poland

Machalski M.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2012

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Vol. 62, no. 1

91-116

EN

The formal definition of the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Maastrichtian Stage at Tercis, southwest France, is based on the first or last occurrences of twelve taxa, including three species of ammonites, Pachydiscus (Pachydiscus) neubergicus, Diplomoceras cylindraceum, and Nostoceras (Nostoceras) hyatti. The taxonomy and stratigraphical distribution of these, and allied forms, are studied, on the basis of material from the opoka succession across the upper Campanian.lowermost Maastrichtian boundary in the Middle Vistula River section, central Poland. in view of the imprecise location of two ammonite GSSP markers in that section, a direct ammonite-based correlation with the GSSP at Tercis is impossible. however, data available indicate that in the Middle Vistula River section the first occurrence of Pachydiscus (P.) neubergicus and the last occurrence of Nostoceras (N.) hyatti are situated significantly higher than the first occurrence of Belemnella lanceolata, the traditional belemnite marker for the base of the Maastrichtian Stage in the Boreal Realm, and that Diplomoceras cylindraceum appears significantly below this level. There are no unequivocal records of Pachydiscus (P.) neubergicus from the Belemnella lanceolata Zone s.l. in the Middle Vistula River section.

8

Integrated stratigraphy of the Kronsmoor section (northern Germany), a reference point for the base of the Maastrichtian in the Boreal Realm

Niebuhr B., Hampton M., Gallagher L., Remin Z.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2011

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Vol. 61, no. 2

193-214

EN

Results of detailed multistratigraphic analyses of the Campanian.Maastrichtian boundary section at Kronsmoor in northern Germany are summarised and calibrated with the GSSP at Tercis les Bains, southwest France. Additional markers for the definition of the boundary in the Boreal Realm are proposed, and a detailed carbon isotope curve around the Campanian.Maastrichtian boundary in the chalk facies of the Boreal epicontinental sea is presented. The C isotopic GSSP marker for global correlation is the markedly abrupt decrease of c. 0.7 [per mil] [delta^13]C directly at the Campanian.Maastrichtian boundary as dated by ammonites. In electronic borehole measurements the Kronsmoor section covers the SP peaks 53 to 64 and the base of the Maastrichtian being situated just below SP peak 60. The first occurrence (FO) of the ammonite Pachydiscus neubergicus, which corresponds to biohorizon 1 at Tercis, falls in the upper part of nannofossil Zone UC15, at both localities. Biohorizon 3 is the FO of the ammonite Diplomoceras cylindraceum, which first appears in the Upper Campanian of Tercis and at Kronsmoor enters significantly above the FO of Belemnella lanceolata, the conventional Boreal belemnite marker for the base of the Maastrichtian Stage. Based on ammonite evidence, the internationally accepted base of the Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor is located between the FOs of Diplomoceras cylindraceum (Upper Campanian) and Pachydiscus neubergicus (Lower Maastrichtian) c. 11 m above flint layer F 600, at which the first representatives of the belemnite genus Belemnella, in particular Bn. lanceolata occur. The latter thus is a Late Campanian species, appearing c. 450 ky prior to the ammonite-based boundary. The FOs of Belemnella pseudobtusa (sensu Schulz) resp. Belemnella obtusa (sensu Remin) directly at the boundary can be use as the coleoid proxy for the definition of the base of the Maastrichtian in the Boreal Realm. To define the boundary by benthic foraminifera the last occurrence (LO) of Neoflabellina praereticulata is suitable. Biohorizon 12, as defined at Tercis, involves the nannofossil Uniplanarius trifidus, however, at Kronsmoor this species is rare, occurs only sporadically and also significantly lower in comparison to Tercis. It is possible though to compare and correlate nannofossil events between Kronsmoor and Tercis using cosmopolitan taxa such as Broinsonia parca constricta and Eiffellithus eximius. The LO of the latter appears to be situated just above the boundary in both sections; it follows from this that the top of nannofossil Zone UC15 is of Early Maastrichtian age.

9

The phymosomatid echinoid Trochalosoma taeniatum from the Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) of southeast Poland

Jagt J., Kin A.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2010

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Vol. 60, no. 3

429-435

EN

The phymosomatid Trochalosoma taeniatum (von Hagenow, 1840) is recorded for the first time from upper Maastrichtian strata exposed at Piotrowice, near Lublin, southeast Poland. Although fragmentary, the single, moderately preserved test is of note in representing one of the larger individuals of this species on record (estimated diameter > 60 mm), and in displaying crenulate ambulacral and interambulacral tubercles, at least adapically. Previous records of T. taeniatum include the lower and upper Maastrichtian of Denmark, northern Germany (Rugen), Alava (northern Spain) and Mangyshlak (Kazakhstan). Trochalosoma corneti (Cotteau, 1875), from the upper Maastrichtian of southern and northeast Belgium (Mons and Liege basins, respectively) and the southeast Netherlands (type area of the Maastrichtian Stage), synonymised by some authors with T. taeniatum, is considered to be distinct.

10

High resolution biostratigraphy based on planktic foraminifera across the Cretaceous-Paleogene transition at the Bidart section (SW France)

Gallala N., Zaghbib-Turki D.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2010

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Vol. 60, no. 2

243-255

EN

Based on high resolution biostratigraphic analysis of planktic foraminifers, it is confirmed that the Bidart section (eastern margin of the Atlantic Ocean) represents a continuous Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) succession. Nevertheless, the foraminiferal species Plummerita hantkeninoides, regarded as a latest Maastrichtian marker species, is absent and Abathomphalus mayaroensis ranges to the top of the Maastrichtian (= K/Pg boundary). Pseudoguembelina hariaensis is present throughout the succession, and it is proposed herein to substitute Pl. hantkeninoides as the marker of the uppermost Maastrichtian. At least 53 out of 72 species became suddenly extinct at the K/Pg boundary, defined by the Ir anomaly (Bonte et al. 1984; Delacotte et al. 1982). The extinct species are represented by globotruncanids and large heterohelicids, characteristic of the tropical-subtropical deep photic sea water under the mesotrophic conditions of the Late Maastrichtian. The Lower Danian succession (the zones of Guembelitria cretacea, Parvularugoglobigerina eugubina, Parasubbotina pseudobulloides) is less expanded than at El Kef (Tunisia) [the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary] or at Elles (Tunisia) [its auxiliary section].

11

Nanoplankton wapienny górnokredowych facji pelagicznych jednostki podśląskiej polskich Karpat fliszowych

Jugowiec-Nazarkiewicz M.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2007

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nr 426

53-70

PL

W pelagicznych osadach jednostki podśląskiej (marglach węglowieckich, marglach typu frydeckiego, marglach żegocińskich, piaskowcach z Rybia) oraz w marglach bakulitowych jednostki skolskiej i marglach z Bonarki występujących na monoklinie śląsko-krakowskiej (odsłonięcie Bonarka w Krakowie) stwierdzono liczne formy nanoplanktonu wapiennego wieku kampan-mastrycht. Wyznaczono poziomy nanoplanktonowe, określając wiek badanych osadów. W marglach bakulitowych, nazywanych też marglami z Węgierki, występujących w jednostce skolskiej, odnotowano podobny skład i charakter nanoplanktonu wapiennego jak w szarych marglach typu frydeckiego występujących w jednostce podśląskiej w zachodniej części Karpat. W badanych osadach jednostki podśląskiej nie stwierdzono ciągłego przejścia sedymentacyjnego między osadami mastrychtu i danu. Badania nanoplanktonu potwierdziły istnienie połączenia między strefą borealną i tetydzką na obszarze polskich Karpat zewnętrznych w kampanie i mastrychcie, o czym świadczy obecność w próbkach form nanoplanktonu uważanych za typowo borealne.

EN

In pelagic sediments of the Subsilesian Unit (Węglówka marls, Frydek-type marls, Żegocina marls and Rybie sandstones) and in the bakulit marls from the Skole Unit, and in marls from Bonarka in Silesian-Cracow Monocline many forms of calcareous nannoplankton of Campanian-Maastrichtian age were noted. Distinguishing of several nannoplankton assemblage zones allowed for more detailed time resolution of the studied sediments. Existing of the connection between the boreal and Tethyan realms in Polish Outher Carpathians during Campanian/Maastrichtian has been confirmed. Calcareous nannoplankton of the bakulit marls (Skole Unit) appeared similar to that from the Frydek-type marls (Subsilesian Unit). No continuous transition between sediments of the Maastrichtian and Danian within the studied Subsilesian Unit has been stated. Transition between Boreal and Tethyan realms on the Polish Outher Carpathians area, during Campanian and Maastrichtian age are confirmed.

12

The highest records of North American scaphitid ammonites in the European Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) and their stratigraphic implications

Machalski A.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2007

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Vol. 57, no. 2

169-185

EN

The uppermost lower to upper Maastrichtian records of North American scaphitid ammonites in Europe are discussed in terms of taxonomy and significance for transatlantic correlation. A previous record of a U.S. Western Interior scaphitid ammonite, Jeletzkytes dorfi, from the lower part of the upper Maastrichtian in northeast Belgium, is demonstrated to have been based on specimens which reveal features typical of the indigenous European Hoploscaphites constrictus lineage. However, one of the individuals in this collection combines distinct mid-ventral swellings, characteristic of the H. constrictus stock, with irregular flank ornament, typical of J. dorfi. It is speculated that this specimen may be a product of interspecies hybridization. Hoploscaphites sp., allied to H. nicolletii or to H. comprimus, previously known only from the U.S. Western Interior, is recorded from the lower upper Maastrichtian of Austria, and Discoscaphites gulosus, hitherto regarded to be confined to the U.S. Western Interior, Gulf Coast, and Atlantic Seaboard, has been recognised in the upper Maastrichtian of Bulgaria. Additionally, poorly preserved material referred to as Discoscaphites? sp. is recorded from the uppermost lower Maastrichtian of Denmark, and from the upper Maastrichtian of southern Sweden. These records of scaphitids support earlier conclusions that the base of the European upper Maastrichtian roughly corresponds to the base of the Hoploscaphites birkelundae Zone in the U.S. Western Interior.

13

Palaeoenvironmental interpretation of dinosaur- and mammal-bearing continental Maastrichtian deposits, Hateg basin, Romania

Bojar A. V., Grigorescu D., Ottner F., Csiki Z.

Geological Quarterly

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2005

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Vol. 49, No. 2

205--222

EN

The Hateg basin, South Carpathians, Romania, contains a thick sequence of Maastrichtian continental deposits from which a rich dinosaur and mammal fauna is known. Field data as well as mineralogical and stable isotope analyses from three representative profiles were integrated in order to reconstruct environmental conditions during Maastrichtian time. Tustea quarry is characterized by the presence of well drained calcisols, with smectite (montmorillonite) as the main clay component. Along the profile, the δ18 O and δ13 C isotopic compositions of calcretes show a small variation, of up to 0.9‰. The profile along the Barbat Valley shows preponderantly calcisols, the main clay mineral being smectite, with subordinate illite and chlorite. The oxygen isotopic compositions of calcretes are ~0.5‰ lighter than those from Tustea. The soils are interpreted as having formed under more humid conditions and they are similar to those situated at the bottom of the sequence developed along Sibisel Valley. The abundant smectite from the Tustea and Barbat Valley depos its, as well the presence of good developed soils, reflects palaeoenvironmental conditions predominantly controlled by climate. Preliminary magnetostratigraphic data along the Sibisel Valley section indicate that sedimentation started at the end of chron C32n. All other palaeomagnetic sites distributed up stream, as far as the upper limit of this formation, have only reversed polarity and the corresponding time interval is probably chron C31r. Along this valley, the sequence shows a general coarsening upward trend. The palaeosol type changes from calcisol- to vertisol-dominated sequences. The soils are moderate to weakly developed. The mineralogical composition of the clay fraction also changes, from smectite- to illite and chlorite-dominated. These features points to wards unstable tectonic conditions and higher uplift rates of the surrounding area within chron C31r. To wards the top of the sequence, the oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of calcretes be come 1 and ~2‰ lighter, respectively. These changes indicate a transition from generally semi-arid to wards more humid and possible cooler conditions and correlate with the world wide trend for chron 31r.

14

Inoceramids and inoceramid biostratigraphy of the Upper Campanian to basal Maastrichtian of the Middle Vistula River section, central Poland

Walaszczyk I.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2004

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Vol. 54, no. 1

95-168

EN

The revised geological log and the biostratigraphy of the Late Campanian and earliest Maastrichtian succession of the Middle Vistula River section, central Poland, are presented. The biostratigraphy is based on inoceramid fauna, basically newly collected. Eight inoceramid zones were distinguished, corresponding, in ammonite/belemnite terms, to an interval from the upper Bostrychoceras polyplocum Zone up to the traditional Belemnella occidentalis Zone. From bottom upwards these are zones of: Cataceramus subcompressus, "Inoceramus" tenuilineatus, Sphaeroceramus pertenuiformis, "Inoceramus" altus, "Inoceramus" inkermanaensis, Trochoceramus costaecus, "Inoceramus" redbirdensis, and of Endocostea typica. The inoceramid assemblages allow a precise correlation with critical sections in Europe, as well as trans-Atlantic correlation to the US Western Interior. The traditional base of the Maastrichtian falls at the base of the Trochoceramus costaecus Zone, whereas the 'Tercis basal Maastrichtian boundary' may fall as high as lower Belemnella sumensis Zone. Based on the correlation to the US Western Interior, a subdivision of the Upper Campanian into Middle and Upper substages is suggested. The boundary between the Middle and the Upper Campanian substages may be defined by the base of the "Inoceramus" tenuilineatus Zone, which in ammonite terms, corresponds to the base of the Didymoceras donezianum Zone (=top of the Bostrychoceras polyplocum Zone). Thirty one inoceramid species level taxa are described, of which "Inoceramus" smirnovi nom.nov. is a replacement name; 10 species are left in open nomenclature. Inoceramids of the Middle Vistula succession represent a uniform fauna characteristic of the whole Euramerican biogeographical region.

15

Additional records of Late Cretaceous and Early Palaeogene echinoids from the Gschliefgraben (Ultrahelvetic, Upper Austria)

Kroh A., Jagt J., Wagreich M.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2004

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Vol. 54, no. 4

551-571

EN

Late Cretaceous and Early Palaeogene echinoid faunules collected in recent years from the surface of an active mudflow at the Gschliefgraben near Gmunden (east of the Traunsee, Upper Austria) are both fairly diverse and of considerable palaeobiogeographic interest. So far, only (Late) Campanian taxa have been described and illustrated. In the present paper, notes are presented on additional Campanian, Maastrichtian and Palaeogene taxa, namely Lampadocorys? estermanni sp.nov., Lampadocorys? sp.nov. 1, Lampadocorys? sp.nov. 2, Rispolia cf. subtrigonata (CATULLO), Seunaster cf. heberti (SEUNES), Echinocorys ancileformis MOSKVIN & SHIMANSKAYA, Echinocorys ex gr. fonticola ARNAUD, Ganbirretia? sp., Micraster aturicus HEBERT in SEUNES, Micraster corcolumbarium DESOR, Micraster stolleyi (LAMBERT in DE GROSSOUVRE), Pseudogibbaster? sp., and Coraster beneharnicus SEUNES.These species indicate a close relationship with the Tethyan areas of northern Spain and SW France, the Crimea, Georgia and the northern Caucasus, although a number of holasteroid and micrasterid taxa would appear to be more common and widely distributed in boreal settings (e.g., NW Europe).

16

Derived marine microfossils in loesses of the last glaciation and their significance in the reconstruction of loess-forming processes in central-eastern Europe

Paruch-Kulczycka J., Chlebowski R., Lindner L.

Geological Quarterly

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2003

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Vol. 47, No 2

119-132

EN

Documented examples of type sections with Pleistocene deposits in southern Poland (Tłumaczów, Branice, Wożuczyn, Tyszowce, Hrubieszów) and southwestern Ukraine (Bojanice, Horokhov, Zhorniv) indicate that loesses of the last glaciation (Vistulian, Valdayan) contain derived marine microfossils of Cretaceous age. The microfossil assemblages studied are richly represented by foraminifers, which are mostly well-preserved, and derived mainly Cretaceous, forms. Suitable Late Cretaceous exposures are nearby, around data shows that these rocks and their debris, and the overlying Pleistocene tills and sands, which are older than the loesses, represent one of the main sources of the loess silt. This fact and the heavy mineral content are evidence of the participation of local material in loess-forming processes in central-eastern Europe. The spatial distribution of the sections studied in relation to the determined sources of loess material indicate that the accumulation of the loesses took place mainly in the presence of western and/or northwestern winds in the lower parts of the atmosphere.

17

Biostratigraphy and Palaeoenvironmental Analysis of the Żegocina Marls in the Żegocina Tectonic Window (Subsilesian Unit, Polish Outer Carpathians)

Gasiński M., Leśniak T., Wróbel A.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Earth Sciences

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2003

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Vol. 51, nr 1

1-9

EN

The Żegocina siliceous marls contain well preserved and diversified foraminiferal assemblages dated as late Early Campanian - Early Maastrichtian (from G. ventricosa to G.gansseri standard zones). Based on qualitative and quantitative analyses of foraminiferal assemblages, external shelf - upper slope have been suggested as the deposition palaeodepths of the studied marls.

18

Upper Maastrichtian ammonites and nannofossils and a Palaeocene nautiloid from Richards Bay, Kwa Zulu, South Africa

Klinger H.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2001

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Vol. 51, nr 3

273-291

EN

Temporary exposures of Upper Maastrichtian to Palaeocene sediments of the Richard Bay area, Kwa Zulu yielded Maastrichtian and Danian cephalopod faunas. The lower Upper Maastrichtian assemblage, dated to nannofossil standard biozone CC25b, or UC20a^TP of BURNETT (1998), is: Anagaudryceras politissimum (KOSSMAT, 1895), Pseudophyllites indira (FORBES, 1846) (abundant), Desmophyllites diphylloides (FORBES, 1846) Pachydiscus (P.) australis HENDERSON & McNAMARA, 1985, Menuites fresvillensis (SEUNES, 1890), Diplomoceras cylindraceum (DEFRANCE, 1816), Baculites ambatryensis COLLIGNON, 1971, Eubaculites carinatus (MORTON, 1834), and E. latecarinatus (BRUNNSCHWEILER, 1966). The Danian yields a monospecific assemblage of Hercoglossa madagascariensis COLLIGNON, 1951. The Maastrichtian assemblage has strong similarities to the lower Upper Maastrichtian fauna of the Miria Formation of Western Australia, and is made up of cosmopolitan and latitudinally restricted taxa: there are no endemic elements.

19

Upper Cretaceous of the Barranca (Navarra, northern Spain); integrated litho-, bio- and event stratigraphy.Part 2, Campanian and Maastrichtian

Kuchler T.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2000

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Vol. 50, no. 4

441-499

EN

Campanian to Lower Maastrichtian strata of the eastern Barranca (Navarra, northern Spain), based on 11 exposures near Irurzun, were investigated in detail and correlated with coeval strata of the western Barranca and the Oroz-Betelu Massif (Navarra). The Sarasate Formation exposed in the Barranca in divided into ten members. Deposition was influenced by uplift of the Anoz-Ollo salt structure during the latest Santonian and Early Campanian. The Campanian-Maastrichtian of Navarra is characterised by thick and relatively complete successions containing biostratigraphically significant fossil groups (ammonites, inoceramids, echinoids). Detailed bed-by-bed collecting has enabled the establishment of an integrated zonal scheme with potential for interbasinal correlation. In addition to local peak, partial range and assemblage zones, based on echinoids and ammonite-echinoid assemblages, an ammonite zonation, based on an unnamed interval and the following 10 partial range (PRZ) and assemblage zones (AZ) of Scaphites hippocrepis III, S. hippocrepis III/Menabites spp., Hoplitoplacenticeras marroti, Trachyscaphites spiniger, Pseudoxybeloceras phaleratum, Nostoceras (Bostrychoceras) polyplocum, Trachyscaphites pulcherrimus, N. (didymoceras) archiacianum, N. (Nostoceras) hyatti and Pachydiscus neubergicus/Pachydiscus epiplectus, is presented. The ammonite zonation markedly refines both the existing regional and the so-called European standard zonal schemes. Correlation with other Spanish areas (Cantabria, Burgos and Guipuzcoa), the Aquitaine (France), Westphalia and Lower Saxony (Germany) and the Vistula valley (Poland) is discussed. Twelve of the recognised bio-events, characterised by mass-occurrences of irregular echinoids and of monospecific, or taxonomically more variable, mostly heteromorph ammonite assemblages, are significant for regional correlation. Three Offaster maxima are of interbasinal importance as they can be correlated to Germany, Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The origin of these bio-events is closely related to the transgressive and regressive pulses recognised in Navarra, of which the pomeli Transgression I and the hippocrepis, subglobosa and polyplocum regressions are the most pronounced. The tectonic phase at the Santonian/Campanian boundary is related to the Wernigerode Phase. The onset of the second phase is placed in the lower Upper Campanian marotti Zone, the onset of a third phase (UCTE) in theUpper Campanian polyplocum Zone.

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Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) ammonites from the Owl Creek Formation in northeastern Mississippi, U.S.A

Kennedy W., Cobban W.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2000

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Vol. 50, no. 1

175-190

EN

Ammonites are locally abundant in the Owl Creek Formation in northeastern Mississippi. The assemblage is dominated numerically by Eubaculites carinatus (MORTON, 1834), a widely distributed marker fossil for the Maastrichtian that also occurs in South America, sothern Africa, Madagascar, western Australia, southern India, and western Europe. It is accompanied by Sphenodiscus pleurisepta (CONRAD, 1857), Baculites cf. B. claviforms STEPHENSON, 1941, B. cf. undatus STEPHENSON, 1941, Discoscaphites iris (CONRAD 1858), D. sphaeroidalis sp. nov., and D. cf. D. conradi (MORTON, 1834)