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EN
Eutrophication of marine baśni associated with submarine groundwater discharge is currently one of the most important challenges in modern coastal hydrogeology, and is classified as a serious global environmental problem. Aparticular source of groundwater pollution is agricultural activity, which is commonly carried out in the coastal zone. Research was conducted on arepresentative part of the Bay of Puck watershed, dominated by agriculturall anduse. The geological setting of the study area is heterogeneous, which has a significant influence on groundwater flow and occurrence in the multi-aquifer hydrosystem, draining into Puck Bay. The impact of agricultural practices on groundwater and nitrate discharge to the Puck Bay was determined, byan integrated modeling approach, developed using combination of the SWAT, MODFLOW-NWT and MT3DMS codes. Spatial and seasonal variations of the N-NO3 load leached from the soil profile and the infiltration of precipitation are convergent with observed trends in the discharge of groundwater and N-NO3 loads into Puck Bay. The simulations show that 1,355.13 m3/h of ground- waterand1.87kg/h (16. 4 t/year) of N-NO3 loadare discharged into Puck Bay from the aquifers analyzed, the majority of which comes froman upper aquifer. The distribution of the values as determined was found to be influenced by agricultural practices, resulting from changes in crop structure, fertilizer management, cultivation methods and grazing.
EN
An efficient dewatering scheme helps the management authority of mines in decision-making on the minimum quantity of withdrawal of groundwater from open-cast mines to avoid excessive groundwater withdrawal from the mines. Karst aquifers are characterized by a dual flow system consisting of Darcy flow and non-Darcy flow in the Matrix and conduits respectively. Due to lack of site-specific data, it is difficult to model the flow behavior in the dual flow system. This study evaluated equivalent porous medium (EPM) approach and the hybrid approach/combined discrete-continuum approach (CDC) for modeling groundwater flow in a karst aquifer and found that hybrid approach is suitable for modeling the flow in the karst aquifer system. Hybrid approach is applied to derive the optimum dewatering scheme for safe mining of limestone in the Adanakurichi limestone mines of Tamil Nadu, India and was found that an additional 20% increase in pumping is required in the year 2020 compared to 2016 to bring the water level to the limestone bottom. Wavelet coherence diagram was used to identify the interrelation between rainfall and groundwater levels, and also between the groundwater levels at different locations. The results from the study will be helpful for the better management of groundwater control operations in karst aquifers, under various safe level of operations. MODFLOW 2005 was used to model the aquifer based on EPM approach and for modeling based on hybrid approach conduit fow process (CFP) Mode 1in MODFLOW was used.
EN
Solutions to many issues related to groundwater flow require mathematical modeling. Commonly used models for solving groundwater flow equations - finite difference method (FDM) or finite element method (FEM) are at present proven tools of hydrogeologists. The most popular MODFLOW - based FDM algorithm has been tested in thousands of cases and is now the standard in groundwater flow modeling. Apart from the known advantages of numerical modeling based on FDM or FEM methods, their disadvantage might be the need of extensive discretization of the modeled area and finding a compromise between the accuracy and complexity of the numerical model. In general implementation of advanced numerical models of groundwater flow and doing extensive spatial discretization requires a commitment of considerable time and resources. The article presents a comparison of piezometric head FDM modeling results using the MODFLOW model with the results of AEM model using analytical method. The AEM model does not require discretization of the modeled area at all, which simplifies the data entry and allows for relatively quick modeling of the problem case. The absence of the discretization effort allows for quick change of model parameters, which in consequence allows to explore many variants of the simulation in less time than by using the FDM model. To compare the two modeling methods, the author utilized spatial discretisation that was originally developed within the FDM model applied for optimization of dewatering with the drainage wells of the construction excavations at the wastewater treatment plant in Myszków.
EN
Design of groundwater monitoring programs in catchments subjected to detailed studies should be based on the knowledge of the directions and time scales of groundwater flow. Mathematical hydrodynamic models have an undying popularity both in the context of the quantitative assessment and predictions of contaminants migration. A properly designed hydrodynamic model can also be a useful tool for designing of monitoring networks. The authors present the application of such a possibility on an example of the model of a part of Main Groundwater Basin 326 (GZWP 326) in the Kocinka catchment. Studied area is one of research sites in the Soil2Sea project implemented under the BONUS program for the Baltic Sea catchment area. Goal of the project is to determine the intensity and timescales of retention and natural attenuation of biogens in the stream part of the river. Time scales of groundwater exchange and their directions were investigated using Visual MODFLOW and MODPATH packages. This approach allowed to identify parts of the catchment where a more detailed research will be performed at the selected groundwater investigativemonitoring sites.
EN
Numerical modelling is widely spread tool used to estimating of the thermal water resources in geothermal systems. Researchers use this tool for the water thermal formation recognition and for simulations of environmental processes occurring in geothermal systems during the operating, given the available technical conditions. A choice of appropriate modelling method is determined by specification of research problems. For solving particular problems there was used software dedicated to hydrogeological modelling, with their separate codes/modules. There are comprehensive applications for modelling only geothermal issues, but there is also possibility adapting software and applications from another geological branches. TOUGH simulator (based on the finite difference method – FDM) is dedicated specially to geothermal issues. PHREEQC and related applications are apply for study of chemical composition of the thermal water. For simulating water circulation in geothermal systems and mass/heat transport issues there are used software applications like MODFLOW and SEAWAT (FDM), and FEFLOW or Aqua3D (based on finite element method – FEM). Development of numerical modelling in geothermic is nowadays related with using new algorithms, improving of data editing and processing, cooperation with GIS and creation possibilities for using conceptual modelling.
PL
Proces wzajemnego oddziaływania wód podziemnych i powierzchniowych może być realizowany w programie MODFLOW między innymi poprzez wykorzystanie modułu obliczeniowego Stream, przedstawiającego warunek brzegowy III rodzaju. Jego zastosowanie umożliwia w każdym z bloków reprezentujących ciek na modelu obliczenie: przepływu strumienia wód powierzchniowych, wielkości przeciekania pomiędzy ciekiem a warstwą wodonośną oraz poziomu zwierciadła wody w cieku. Ponadto daje możliwość „osuszenia” cieku oraz uwzględnienia dodatkowego dopływu lub odpływu wód powierzchniowych z cieku. Opcji tych nie zawiera moduł River stosowany powszechnie w modelach matematycznych. Wykorzystanie modułu Stream jest szczególnie przydatne w warunkach silnej antropopresji, na przykład w rejonach będących pod wpływem odwodnień górniczych oraz zrzutu wód kopalnianych. Na takich obszarach niektóre odcinki cieków wysychają, a zrzuty wód z odwadniania zwiększają przepływ wód powierzchniowych. Do otrzymania wiarygodnego rozwiązania przy zastosowaniu modułu Stream niezbędne jest jednak pozyskanie dodatkowych informacji o parametrach koryta rzecznego, takich jak: szerokość, współczynnik szorstkości, nachylenie koryta i głębokość wody w cieku, a także dane o położeniu zwierciadła wód podziemnych w pierwszym poziomie wodonośnym, zasadniczym z punktu widzenia zasilania cieków powierzchniowych. Moduł Stream został przetestowany w badaniach modelowych, realizowanych w związku z projektowanym odwodnieniem jednej z odkrywek węgla brunatnego.
EN
In MODFLOW, to simulate interaction between surface streams and groundwater, the Stream Package can be used, representing the mixed boundary condition. In each reach representing the surface stream: streamflow, leakage between stream and aquifer as well as stream stage can be computed. Additionally, the package permits rivers to go dry during a given period of simulation as well as to simulate subtraction or additional inflow to surface water, what is not included in the River Package. The Stream Package is particularly useful in areas under the influence of mine drainage and mine water discharge. In these areas some parts of rivers are drying up, but discharged mine water increases the streamflow. However, to get a feasible solution it is necessary to acquire additional data: stream parameters (width of stream, roughness coefficient, slope of stream channel), stream stage and the groundwater level in the upper aquifer, the essential for the stream-aquifer relations. Stream Package has been tested in the modelling studies carried out in connection with the proposed lignite open pit dewatering.
PL
Szczecińskie Kopalnie Surowców Mineralnych planują budowę kopalni piasku i żwiru na SE od miasta Ińsko. Projektowany jest odkrywkowy system eksploatacji bez odwadniania złoża. Model matematyczny przepływu wód podziemnych (o warunkach ustalonych) zbudowano za pomocą pakietu MODFLOW. Model składa się z trzech warstw o blokach siatki 50 x 50 m. Efekt oddziaływania kopalni na środowisko wód podziemnych i powierzchniowych odwzorowano poprzez zadanie warunku II rodzaju (Q = const) w blokach odpowiadających zasięgom projektowanych wyrobisk. Wydatek w poszczególnych blokach obliczono przy założeniu strat w zasobach wodnych w wyniku zwiększonego parowania wody. Straty te oszacowano na około 65 š10 m(3)/d. Obliczony wydatek strat rozłożono na powierzchni bloków reprezentujących wyrobisko. Dla tak ustalonych warunków symulacje prognostyczne określiły zasięg oddziaływania projektowanej kopalni. Obniżenie zwierciadła wody na granicy złoża wyniosło 0,3 m, przy błędzie modelu š0,5 m. Zadając zawyżony wydatek, przekraczający 20-krotnie obliczone straty, obniżenie zwierciadła wody (izolinia 0,3 m) nie sięgnęło brzegów jezior Ińsko, Długie i Wisala, co oznacza brak możliwości dynamicznego oddziaływania projektowanej kopalni na wody tych jezior.
EN
The Szczecin Mineral Raw Materials Pits Company Ltd is planning to build an open pit of sand and gravel close to Ińsko town. Rock extraction is planned without dewatering. There are conflicting opinions in the local community on the influence on the hydrology system in the vicinity of the open pit. The authors of the paper calculated influence of the open pit by a numerical modelling method. Two aquifer are recognized in the research area. There is the unconfined aquifer comprising the outwash glacial sand and the confined aquifer under a glacial till layer. A steady-state flow simulation was performed in MODFLOW Processing (PM Win ver. 5.3). The aquifer was simulated using the three model layers with a regular grid 50x50 m. Loss of water from the groundwater was evaluated by taking into account 1) increased evaporation after taking off the unsaturated zone, 2) loss of water from wet sand and gravel and 3) the amount of water taken for social purpose. The total loss of water was estimated at the amount of 65 š10 m(3)/24h. This discharge was evenly distributed across the open pit area. The results of simulation provided information about the cone of depression.The cone of depression (isoline 0.3 m) did not reach the lake shore. The depression within the mine area was only 0.3 m, so it is not remarkable. Therefore there will be no influence of the open pit on water environment.
EN
This article presents a review of groundwater numerical modeling use for hydrogeological research in Poland. The main source of information were book series of “Contemporary Problems of Hydrogeology” published since 1980 and the articles from first Conference: “Ground Water Flow Modeling” held in 2004 in Wroclaw. The following issues were analyzed in the review: software package, types of discretization network of the percolation space, as well as the main goals and results of numerical modeling. Based on the literature review common software, practical implementation and discretization ways of studied areas were presented. The lack of publication describing modeling research of transient groundwater flow in regional scale was emphasized.
EN
The investigations were conducted to establish an influence of the waste disposal in Jelcz-Laskowice on groundwater. The measurements in the local monitoring network coinciding with other field work let to develop a conceptual model of local groundwater flow system. The next crucial step was to create a numerical model using finite difference MODFLOW solution basing on conceptual model setup in a GMS modelling environment. As a major result after calibration a proper hydrodynamic field in a three-dimensional space was calculated. Afterwards using MODPATH code the pathlines were obtained and the time of advective transport of particles from a waste disposal area to the river was estimated as 90-130 years with average velocity equalling 6,6-8,6 m/a. The final task was creating a transport model in MT3D environment to simulate chlorides plume migration, achieving in the period of 30 years a good fit between observed and calculated concentrations.
PL
Planowane przejście drogowe przez dolinę rzeki Rospudy wzbudza wiele kontrowersji. Istnieją uzasadnione obawy, że inwestycja ta może ujemnie oddziaływać na walory przyrodnicze bagiennej doliny. Między innymi mogą zmienić się stosunki wodne, co prowadzi do degradacji flory i fauny. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań modelowych stanu wód gruntowych w dolinie zarówno podczas realizacji inwestycji, jak i eksploatacji obiektu po zakończeniu prac budowlanych. Zastosowano model numeryczny MODFLOW, który umożliwił odwzorowanie obecnych warunków wodnych (położenie wód gruntowych) na obszarze doliny, a także oszacowanie wielkości zmian w położeniu zwierciadła wód gruntowych pod wpływem realizacji planowanej inwestycji. Metodykę prac badawczych oraz wyniki wariantowych (różne technologie przejścia doliny) obliczeń położenia zwierciadła wód gruntowych przedstawiono w niniejszym opracowaniu.
EN
Planned pathway across the Rospuda river valley seems to be rather controversial. There is a reasonable fear that the investment may negatively affect natural values of the valley. Water conditions, for example, may change posing a risk of degradation to flora and fauna. This paper presents computer modelled groundwater conditions in the valley during both construction and exploitation of the pathway. The numerical model MODFLOW used in this study allowed to simulate present groundwater conditions of the valley. With this model it was also possible to predict the magnitude of likely future changes in groundwater tables after accomplishment of the construction. Methodology of the research and model outputs in various scenarios (different technologies of running the road) are presented in the paper.
11
Content available remote Numerical modelling of groundwater flow for an aquifer in a small river catchment
EN
Numerical models are not only applied for predictions but also with the aim to improve the understanding of certain geological and hydrogeologic conditions. In this case of a three dimensional flow pattern to a small brook in the catchment area of the Raszyn Ponds nearby Warsaw the numerical ground-water flow model MODFLOW was used to: Verify the conceptional understanding of the area in order to prove if a hydrogeologic window exists which is feeding the present aquifer. Calculate travelling times of groundwater from the upper agriculturally used part of the aquifer to an experimental field in the lower part of the basin. The realisation of the hydrogeologic window in MODFLOW is described as well as the verification of the assumed conception, and results from travelling time calculations are shown.
PL
Model numeryczny może być zastosowany nie tylko do prognozy pewnych zjawisk, ale również może być pomocny w analizie warunków geologicznych i hydrogeologicznych oraz interpretacji punktowych badań terenowych. W pracy opisany został przypadek obliczeń filtracji w warstwie wodonośnej niewielkiej zlewni 'Stawy Raszyńskie' koło Warszawy. Zastosowany trójwymiarowy model MODFLOW posłużył do: weryfikacji przyjętego schematu budowy geologicznej; wykazano że górna warstwa wodonośna jest zasilana wodami naporowymi przez tzw. okno hydrogeologiczne, obliczeń czasu przepływu wód gruntowych zasilających warstwę wodonośną w wyniku infiltracji wód opadowych na obszarach użytkowanych rolniczo. W pracy przedstawione zostały metodyka obliczeń zasilania warstwy wodonośnej przez okno hydrogeologiczne wraz z weryfikacją geologicznych badań terenowych oraz wyniki obliczeń czasu przepływu wód podziemnych.
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