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Lockdown effect on carbon monoxide concentration over Malaysia and Indonesia

Wan Kamarudin Wan Farahiyah, Irwan Zildawarni, Yaafar Mohd Rabani, Mat Amin Abd Rahman

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

2022

Vol. 31, No. 2

124--134

An increase in Indonesian forest fires has infuriated Malaysia and Indonesia, where residents are inhaling smoke from peat and trees burned hundreds of miles away. The global COVID-19 lockdowns caused carbon monoxide (CO) emissions decreased seen over Malaysia and Indonesia regions. The main objective of this study is to investigate the CO distribution over Malaysia and Indonesia, within the period of January 2011 to December 2021. The impact of lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 to CO concentration over Malaysia and Indonesia also was reviewed. This study utilizes MERRA-2 dataset provided by Giovanni interface. Five areas were found to be affected the most during the study period which is Kuala Lumpur, Jambi, Riau, Palembang, and Jakarta. Carbon monoxide concentration over the studied region exhibits a strong seasonality showing maximum value in dry season (July to October). September 2019 is found to have the highest trend of CO concentration affected Jambi region. As COVID-19 pandemic hit the whole world by end of year 2019, all the studied regions shown the decreasing trend after September 2019 and no high peak was observed during dry season (July to October) in 2020 and 2021. This is the combined effect of wetter dry season and an impact of lockdown implemented by government of Malaysia and Indonesia.

Inter-annual and seasonal patterns of precipitable water vapour over Malaysia from 1990-2019 based on MERRA-2 reanalysis

Makama Ezekiel K., Lim Hwee S.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

2021

Vol. 30, No. 1

208--218

In this study seasonal and inter-annual patterns as well as trend in the total precipitable water vapour (TPW) over Malaysia, based on a 30-year data from MERRA-2, have been evaluated using least square regression method. Indicator TPW revealed a pair of minima in February/August and maxima in May/November with highest and lowest long-term means found in East Malaysia. Long-term seasonal variability of TPW exhibited latitudinal dependency in both the NEM and SWM seasons. Indicator TPW showed respective southeast-northwest and southwest-northeast spatial distribution in West and East Malaysia, with the highest statistically significant positive trend found in the former.