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EN
A principle diagram of a high-voltage low-power power supply for devices comprising a microchannel plate (MCP) has been developed. A mathematical model was built according to the developed scheme for a detailed study of the operation of the power supply and the selection of the optimal parameters of its components and obtaining the best output voltages. The power supply circuit comprises a control circuit, a pulse transformer, a voltage multiplier circuit, a feedback circuit, and an input stabilizer. The input stabilizer provides the maintenance of the voltage switched in the primary winding of the transformer at a given level regardless of the voltage drop of the power supply primary source. Moreover the stabilizer provides constant voltage maintenance when the load resistance changes. (with Rload changing from 100 to 200 MΩ, Uout did not exceed 3 V).
PL
W niniejszym artykule omówiono najnowsze technologie umożliwiające optymalizację procesu spalania oraz redukcję emisji NOx, CO (przy zachowaniu niskiej zawartości O2 oraz NH3 ) do poziomów wymaganych przez obowiązujące dyrektywy IED [1], MCP [2] oraz opublikowane konkluzje BAT [3] dla kotłów rusztowych małej i średniej mocy. Przedstawiono również możliwości technologiczne pracujących już instalacji redukcji tlenków azotu dostarczonych przez Spółkę ICS S.A., opartych na technologii NewEcoTube wspartej przez systemy FGR oraz SPDR.
EN
This article discusses the latest technologies enabling optimization of the combustion process and reduction of NOx and CO emissions (while maintaining low O2 and NH3 content) to the levels required by the IED [1], MCP [2] directives, and the published BAT conclusions [3] for low and medium power stoker-fired coal boilers. Also, it presents technological possibilities of the already operating NOx reduction installations provided by ICS S.A. based on NewEcoTube technology and supported by FGR and SPDR systems.
PL
W artykule opisano działania podejmowane w celu polepszenia wydajności chłodzenia małogabarytowych przekształtników o dużej gęstości mocy. Prace obejmują badania układów wysokich częstotliwości: przetwornic, układów prostownikowych, transformatorów, a także układów sterowania. Pokazano kilka rozwiązań przekształtników optymalizowanych pod względem chłodzenia. Szczególnie skupiono się na koncepcji, w której obwód drukowany jednoczenie zapewnia krótkie połączenia elektryczne oraz odprowadzenie ciepła z elementów mocy.
EN
Increasing of the cooling efficiency of the small-size high power density converters is described in this paper. The paper includes research on topologies of high frequency SMPS, rectifiers, transformers and controllers. Several solutions of the cooling optimization of the small-size high power density converters are shown. Solutions especially focused on idea that printed circuit board provides short electrical connections and removes heat from device simultaneously.
EN
The paper presents an approach to estimating energy saving potential in the electric drives used in Poland. The approach presented hereinafter is understood as an invitation to further discussion about this issue. In the second part of the paper two important promoting mechanisms are presented: the PEMP programme and the Motor Challenge Programme with its part addressed to the New Member Countries and Candidate Countries (4EM-MCP). Some recommendations and conclusions related to the implementation of the mentioned programs are presented. The paper contains also a diagram showing the internet tools and websites helpful in approaching the PEMP and MCP programs
7
Content available The European Motor Challenge Programme
EN
Electric motor driven systems account for the greatest part of industrial electricity consumption in Europe. Numerous studies on individual component (motors, pumps, compressors) and on the consumption characterisation have shown the considerable potential for improvement of energy efficiency of these systems, and have recommended suitable policy actions. A number of policies have succeeded in making improvements on the supply side for individual components of systems, such as the electric motor itself. For electric motor a EU wide classification scheme and labelling exist together with a voluntary agreement by motor manufacturers to substantially improve the efficiency of motor placed on the market. Following the recommendation of experts, the European Commission decided to that a concerted effort on the demand side could very usefully complement the efforts being spent on components and technologies. The European Commission has decided to launch "The European Motor Challenge Programme" (MCP). This is a voluntary programme for motor systems end-users to agree to look at their motor systems and to carry out within a specific time frame the savings measure that are economic. The paper describes the programme and its implementation. The programme is based on the analysis of the main reasons why profitable energy savings measures are not put into practice in the private companies and on the successful examples where high level management made the necessary decisions to carry out motor systems energy efficiency programmes. The publicity aspect of the programme would be used to convince top management of the usefulness of subscribing to the MCP "Guidelines", in some ways similar to the existing EU "GreenLight" Programme commitment. Because of the very wide variety of situations, this commitment is open ended and flexible, a sort of "variable geometry" system, where each company, with aid from national energy agencies (the MCP "National Contact Points") the Commission, would target those areas and measures most likely to be effective in its operations. The company will commit to carrying out these measures, and reporting on the results, within an agreed upon time period.
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