Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

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Development measures to enhance the ecological safety of ships and reduce operational pollution to the environment

Melnyk Oleksiy, Onyshchenko Svitlana, Onishchenko Oleg

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 118

195--206

EN

Reduction of ecological risks of shipping is a challenging task that requires methods of legislative and regulatory control, organizational measures, and technical and technological support. Furthermore, the matter concerns not only the reduction of possible risks but also the level of existing impact on the marine environment because of exhaust gas emissions by ships, discharge of waste and ballast water, as well as control of ecological consequences of accidents. The purpose of this study is to analyse possible sources of environmental impact during ship operation cycles, identify significant risks, review existing potentials to reduce the risk of ship accidents and their environmental consequences, and develop solutions to existing problems. This study offers results, which can serve as the initial basis for the formation of comprehensive measures on the reduction of environmental risks, and consequences of possible accidents for the environment caused by ships and international shipping.

2

Comparison of reduction systems of harmful substances into the atmosphere in accordance to requirements of IMO Tier III

Czmyr Stanisław, Kaminski Piotr

Journal of KONES

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2019

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Vol. 26, No. 3

7--14

EN

Degradation of the environment is nowadays believed to be the most alarming problem that needs to be solved. Global warming and environmental pollution are predicted to cause a catastrophic chain reaction leading to species extinction, mass emigration due to rising sea levels and global crisis. The only solution suggested by international organizations is the immediate reduction of greenhouse gases and other harmful substances. Marine transportation harmful substances into the atmosphere are recognized to be a significant source of global atmospheric pollution. Despite the high efficiency of marine diesel engines, their impact on the environment is considerable. Due to environmentally friendly policies, modern engines concerns about not only efficiency but also mainly about s aspects. This article analyses and compares marine s exhaust gases reduction methods. Especially the most harmful substances emitted by ships were taken into consideration. The article presents the most crucial law regulations of harmful substances to the atmosphere, pointing at actual and possible future implementations. The most complex methods allowing meeting the latest limits were presented. Pros and cons of available control methods were thoroughly described and methods were compared. The most adequate methods form the effectiveness and economical point of view was pointed out.

3

Performances in tank cleaning

Panaitescu V. A., Panaitescu M., Panaitescu F. V., Martes L.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2018

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Vol. 12, no. 1

159--163

EN

There are several operations which must do to maximize the performance of tank cleaning. The new advanced technologies in tank cleaning have raised the standards in marine areas. There are many ways to realise optimal cleaning efficiency for different tanks. The evaluation of tank cleaning options means to start with audit of operations: how many tanks require cleaning, are there obstructions in tanks (e.g. agitators, mixers), what residue needs to be removed, are cleaning agents required or is water sufficient, what methods can used for tank cleaning. After these steps, must be verify the results and ensure that the best cleaning values can be achieved in terms of accuracy and reliability. Technology advancements have made it easier to remove stubborn residues, shorten cleaning cycle times and achieve higher levels of automation. In this paper are presented the performances in tank cleaning in accordance with legislation in force. If tank cleaning technologies are effective, then operating costs are minimal.

4

An international platform for cooperation on liquefied natural gas (LNG) – a report on the MarTech LNG project

Jankowski S.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2016

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nr 46 (118)

29--35

EN

There were a number of circumstances which became the basis for the MarTech liquefied natural gas (LNG) project: the forthcoming regulations reducing permitted sulphur content of a ship’s fuel, and aspirations of Poland and Lithuania to diversify sources of natural gas import by building LNG import terminals. The project was launched in 2012 and lasted more than three years until April 2015. It concerned the uses of LNG in the South Baltic Sea region and was realized by eight partners from five countries surrounding this area. The main aims were promotion of LNG as a fuel and dissemination of knowledge and experiences related to LNG. They were achieved by organizing training courses, seminars and meetings between stakeholders, research institutions and policy makers. This paper is an informal report of activities within the MarTech LNG project.

5

Analysis of shipowners' obligations and technical/financial limitations in connection with regulations of MARPOL Convention Annex VI

Leszczyńska M., Lewandowska A.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni

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2015

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nr 92

143--148

EN

The article focuses on the topic of MARPOL Annex VI regulations, particularly SECA, and its impact on European shipowners. The authors highlight the issue from both points of view – shipowners and industry – to deliver a complex overview and enable the public to draw own conclusions. It seems the new legislation on sulphur emissions will affect more branches than only shipping, and certainly will take its toll – not only on the shipowners, but also on ferry passengers, shipyards and as a result, European and global economy. Yet, the full impact is still to be found out. Until the ferry sector confirms its revised price structure and network capabilities, the shipowners modernise their vessels and the customers realise how much they need to pay in order to cross the Baltic Sea, we can only make assumptions as to what extent the Europeans will experience these limitations. One is certain – it is not the question “if” – the questions are “when” and “how much”.

PL

Artykuł skupia się na temacie regulacji Aneksu VI Konwencji MARPOL – w szczególności na SECA – oraz ich wpływie na europejskich armatorów. Problem ukazano z dwóch punktów widzenia – armatorów oraz przemysłu – w celu ukazania kompleksowego obrazu sytuacji oraz umożliwienia zainteresowanym wyciągnięcia własnych wniosków. Nowe limity emisji siarki będą miały wpływ nie tylko na transport morski, ale i na inne gałęzie przemysłu. Z pewnością dadzą się we znaki zarówno armatorom, jak i pasażerom promowym, stoczniom oraz w konsekwencji europejskiej i światowej gospodarce. Do czasu, gdy sektor promowy potwierdzi dostosowaną strukturę cen oraz możliwości sieci połączeń, armatorzy zmodernizują swoją flotę, a klienci zrozumieją, ile przyjdzie im zapłacić za przeprawę przez Morze Bałtyckie, można jedynie przypuszczać, do jakiego stopnia Europejczyków dotkną ustanowione limity. Jedno jest pewne – pytanie nie brzmi „czy” – tylko „kiedy” i „ile”.

6

Technologies for the Reduction of Nitrogen Oxides Emissions

Arsenie P., Martinas G., Gheorghe C., Arsenie A.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2015

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Vol. 9, no. 2

251--256

EN

When it comes to gas turbines, their main problem concerning pollutant emissions is represented by nitric oxides. Among other emissions, sulphur oxides being much reduced due to the use of liquid distilled and gas fuels with a low content of sulphur. Using water or steam injection became the favourite method during the '80s and especially the '90s since "dry" methods and catalytic reduction were both at the beginning of the development phase. Catalytic convertors have been used since the '80s and they are still used although the costs of renewing the catalyst are very high. In the last twenty years a gradual decrease has been registered on the limits of nitric oxides from 75 ppm to 25 ppm, and now the target is oriented towards the 9 ppm level. The evolution of burning technologies of combustion makes it possible to control the level of production of nitric oxides even from the source without being necessary to use "humid" methods. This, of course, opened the market for gas turbines because they can function even in areas with limited quality water reserves, such as maritime platforms and in the desert. In this paper, we are going to show that, although water injection is still used, "dry" control technologies of burning became favourite methods for the majority of users on the industrial power generators market. The great dependency between the creation of nitric oxides and the temperature reveals the effect of direct water or steam injection on reducing nitric oxides. Recent research showed that a reduction up to 85% of nitric oxides may be obtained by using the water or steam injection all together with the improvement of aerodynamic character of the burning room.

7

LNG fueled offshore supply vessels

Pawelski J.

Logistyka

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2015

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nr 3

3767--3773, CD 1

EN

LNG as alternative fuel for offshore is cheaper option to marine gas oil. Gas price is approximately half of MGO and air pollutants low emission levels comply with new regulations without investment in scrubbers and catalytic converters. Offshore supply vessels have limited size and accommodation of exhaust gas cleaning equipments is difficult without loosing too much cargo space. Typical offshore vessels are powered by dual-fuel engines to extend their endurance and higher reliability whilst alongside offshore installation. Due to limited space on deck LNG fuel tank is hidden inside the hull. Fuel gas installation requires secondary barriers whenever is possible. Such barriers are difficult to implement inside engine room and other protective measures are needed like gas sensors, ESD, augmented ventilation. LNG as fuel shows very good safety record despite numerous hazards associated with liquefied natural gas.

PL

LNG jako paliwo dla przemysłu offshorowego jest tańszą opcją w stosunku do oleju gazowego do napędu statków. Cena gazu jest w przybliżeniu o połowę niższa od oleju gazowego i poziom emisji substancji szkodliwych jest w granicach określonych przepisami, bez konieczniości użycia płóczek gazów spalinowych oraz konwerterów katalitycznych. Jednostki offshorowe maja ograniczone rozmiary i umieszczenie na nich urządzeń do oczyszczania gazów spalinowych jest trudne bez uszczuplania przestrzeni ładunkowej. Typowe jednostki offshorowe napędzane sa silnikami dwupaliwowymi w celu zwiększenia ich zasięgu oraz niezawodności podczas przebywania w pobliżu instalacji naftowych. Z powodu ograniczonej ilości miejsca na pokładzie, zbiorniki gazu umieszczane sa wewnątrz kadłuba. Gazowe instalacje paliwowe wymagają stosowania wtórnych barier, gdziekolwiek jest to możliwe. Takie bariery sa trudne do zrealizowania wewnątrz pomieszczeń siłowni i inne środki ochronne musza tam być stosowane, takie jak: czujniki gazowe, automatyczne systemy wyłączania, wzmocniona wentylacja. LNG jako paliwo posiada dobrą historię bezpieczeństwa pomimo licznych zagrożeń związanych z zastosowaniem skroplonego gazu ziemnego.