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Multicriteria optimization method of LNG distribution

Chłopińska E., Gucma M.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2020

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Vol. 14, no. 2

493--497

EN

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is considered as a realistic substation of marine fuel in 21 century. Solution of building new engines or converting diesels into gas fueled propulsion meets the stringent international emission regulations. For HFO (heavy fuel oil) or MDO (marine diesel oil) propelled vessels, operation of bunkering is relatively wide known and simple. Its due to the fact that fuel itself doesn’t require high standards of handling. Where for LNG as a fuel its very demanding process – it evaporates and requires either consuming by bunker vessel or reliquefication. Distribution of such bunker is becoming multidimensional problem with time and space constrains. The objective of the article is to review the methods of optimization using genetic algorithms for a model of LNG distribution. In particular, there will be considered methods of solving problems with many boundry criteria whose objective functions are contradictory. Methods used for solving the majority of problems are can prevent the simultaneous optimization of the examined objectives, e.g. the minimisation of costs or distance covered, or the maximisation of profits or efficiency etc. Here the standard genetic algorithms are suitable for solving multi-criteria problems by using functions producing a diversity of results depending on the adopted approach.

2

A comparison between DP offshore loading operation on submerged turret loading system STL, submerged single anchor loading system SAL and offshore loading system OLS considering the hydro-meteorological condition limits for the safe ship’s operation offshore

Rutkowski G.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2019

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Vol. 13, no. 1

175--185

EN

The purpose and scope of this paper is to describe the characteristics of and make comparisons between DP Offshore loading operation on Submerged Turret Loading system STL, Single Anchor Loading system SAL and Offshore Loading System OLS considering the hydro meteorological condition limits enabling safe ship’s operation offshore. These systems (STL, SAL & OLS) are designated to operate with specialized DP shuttle tankers, which are equipped with bow loading system (BLS) and optionally also with bottom submerged loading system STL. All above systems are typically used for short term mooring applications offshore associated with the offloading and/or loading of bulk liquid fuel tankers transporting refined and unrefined products of crude oil or liquefied natural gas LNG.

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What is the Real Issue with Floating Storage and Regasification Units? Regulations Related to the FSRU Implementation Process in the Baltic Sea

Koska-Legieć A.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2018

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Vol. 12, no. 3

499--503

EN

The aim of this article is to dispel any nomenclatural confusion related to the notion of FSRU. Sometimes FSRUs are classified as ships or vessels; sometimes as stationary units. The article will attempt to explain in which case FSRUs may be classified as ships. This article describes one of the most persistent legal problems in Polish maritime law, which is the FSRU implementation in the Baltic Sea. The application of FSRU solutions was analysed in relation to LNG maritime transport. This analysis is concerned only with a fragment of wider theoretical considerations about the placement of the definition of the ship in different national legal systems as well as the importance of translation and correct understanding of the words denoting the ship or the vessel.

4

Planowanie zasilania obszarów zurbanizowanych w skroplony gaz ziemny (LNG)

Grzegorzewska J., Grządzielski W., Mróz T. M.

Instal

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2014

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nr 6

10--14

PL

Skroplony gaz ziemny (LNG) jest medium energetycznym, które może być efektywnie wykorzystane do pokrycia potrzeb energetycznych obszarów zurbanizowanych. Jest to szczególnie istotne dla obszarów zlokalizowanych z dala od przesyłowej bądź dystrybucyjnej infrastruktury gazowej. Zastosowanie LNG w takich obszarach powinno być poprzedzone pracami planistycznymi, uwzględniającymi stan strony popytu i podaży rynku gazu. W artykule przedstawiono analizę wielokryterialną AHP wyboru sposobu zasilania danego obszaru ze stacji regazyfikacji (LNG) na przykładzie wybranej gminy z terenu województwa wielkopolskiego. W analizie przedstawiono główne kryteria decyzyjne (m.in. cenę końcową paliwa gazowego, cenę zakupu i transportu LNG, odległość od punktu sprzedaży i załadunku, etc.) uwzględniane w planowaniu zasilania obszarów zurbanizowanych.

EN

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is the energetic medium, which can be effectively used to cover the energy needs of urban areas. This is particularly important for areas located away from the distribution or transmission of the gas infrastructure. The use of LNG in such areas should be preceded by planning work, taking into account the demand and supply of gas market. The research presents an multicriterial AHP choice analysis of the power station regasification (LNG) of a particular area on the example of selected community in the Wielkopolska region. The analysis presents the main decision criteria (including the final price of gas, the price of the purchase and transport of LNG, the distance from the point of sale and loading, etc.) taken into consideration the planning of urban areas supply.

5

Application of 3-D Velocity Measurement of Vessel by VI-GPS for STS Lightering

Yoo Y., Pedersen E., Tatsumi K., Kouguchi N., Arai Y.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2009

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Vol. 3, no. 1

43--48

EN

A lightering operation is a type of Ship-To-Ship (STS) operation where two ships are together in open waters and transfer the cargo e.g. crude oil, LNG. High skills and experience are required by the human operators as no relevant equipment for determining the relative speeds and distances with sufficient accuracies has been implemented. The officer in charge of an STS lightering takes the decision on adequate maneuvering orders based on predominantly visual observations during the final approach. Landing on all fenders simultaneously is an objective in order to minimize ship-fender contact forces, but this is rather difficult to achieve in practice even in calm sea due to the effect of hydrodynamic interaction when the ships are closing in. Furthermore, currents that are present in the lightering zone add to the operational complexity. A field measurement experiment has been carried out with a Velocity Information GPS (VI-GPS) system installed onboard a ferry approaching port for berthing which is similar to an STS lightering. The paper proposes to apply VI-GPS as input sensor to a decision-support and guidance system aiming to provide accurate velocity information to the officer in charge of an STS operation. It is argued that DOP of VI-GPS is related to the velocity error.

6

Safety of cargo handling and transport liquefied natural gas by sea. Dangerous properties of LNG and actual situation of LNG fleet

Starosta A.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2007

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Vol. 1, no. 4

427--431

EN

Natural gas becomes very important source of energy. There is only one economical solution of transport natural gas to distant destination – LNG – Liquefied Natural Gas. The LNG fleet is growing very fast and fleet characteristic is changing. Very popular is myth that gas carriers are sailing bombs – is it true? Properties of LNG compare with other liquid cargos show the true.

7

Safety and environmental concern analysis for LNG carriers

Er I. D.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2007

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Vol. 1, no. 4

421--426

EN

The main attempt of this study is to overview and to discuss occupational safety and environmental conciseness for the transportation of LNG with gas carriers. LNG is transported by a fleet of 157 LNG tankers of varying sizes from 18,500 m3 to 140,000 m3. This study investigates the technological development and innovation in LNG transportation while considering safety and environmental standards and regulations for LNG shipping. It is also originally contributing the process safety for decision making process for the MET institutions while planning the further needs of LNG industry during the planning of their related curricula. The further research activities could also be concentrated on quantitative risk evaluations of LNG equipment, based on risk maintenance and reliability concepts.