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1

The Use of Hydrophytes for Additional Treatmnet of Municipal Sewage

Pichura Vitalii, Potravka Larisa, Ushkarenko Viktor, Chaban Viktor, Mynkin Mykola

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 5

54--63

EN

At the current stage of discharge and treatment of municipal sewage and other types of wastewater in the territory of Ukraine, traditional technologies of biological treatment in aero-tanks by the process of aerobic oxidation involving active silt characterized by low efficiency are largely used. It was established that biological treatment and additional treatment of sewage involving hydrophytes are efficient. The research on wastewater quality and the efficiency of sewage treatment was conducted in three phases: Phase 1 – “the quality before treatment”, Phase 2 – “the quality after mechanical-biological treatment” at the existing municipal treatment plants, Phase 3 – “the quality after additional treatment by hydrophytes”. In order to determine the efficiency of using hydrophytes additional treatment, Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) and the perennial aquatic plant Lemna minor were planted in one treatment pond. The results of the experiment made it possible to determine high efficiency of using hydrophytes for additional sewage treatment. In particular, the efficiency of additional treatment in the treatment ponds removing the residue of suspended pollutants for 40 days was 32%, toxic salts – 13.0–23.0%, oil products – 30.0%, biogenic substances – 68.5–83.3%. It caused a drop in the values of chemical and biological oxygen demand for 5 days by 89.6% and 61.2%, respectively. The efficiency of sewage treatment removing toxic salts and oil products reached 97.7%, whereas in the case of mineral and organic pollutants – up to 99%. That contributed to a considerable increase in the wastewater quality by the criteria for fisheries. In particular, high nutritional value of Eichhornia crassipes and Lemna minor allowed obtaining 12.5 tons of hydrophyte wet mass that can be used as green manure, feeds for farm animals, poultry and fish.

2

Improving Wastewater Reclamation Using Constructed Wetlands by Artificial Plastic Biofilm Carriers

Zaboon Baneen Hussein, Al-Abbawy Dunya A. H., Yaseen Dina A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 11

241--253

EN

Increasing the demand for potable water, followed by the high quantity of discharged effluents linked with the water scarcity problems has necessitated giving more attention to improving wastewater treatment processes and operations. The constructed wetland has proven to be an excellent green sustainable technique for purification. This study aimed to examine the performance of four experimental free water surface constructed wetlands (FWSCWs) for the depuration of sewage effluents as a secondary treatment stage during winter season conditions. The objectives were to assess the raw and treated wastewater concentrations, evaluate the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), nutrients, and total suspended solids (TSS) of each treatment line, and compare the impact of plastic rings (biofilm carriers) and Lemna minor L. with the presence of gravel bed on the treatment efficiency and bacterial growth, as well as assess the plant’s adaption and growth. The results showed that all treatment systems improved the water characteristics, and adding biofilm carriers enhanced the efficiency of water purification, especially BOD reduction. The combination of the plants, biofilm carriers, and gravel in the wetland filter significantly enhanced (ρ < 0.05) the treatment efficiency in terms of TSS, COD, BOD, Ammonia (NH3), Nitrates (NO3), and Orthophosphate (PO4) compared to the control treatment system (gravel bed). Plant growth was restricted in the presence of carriers in the system. Further study for examining the system performance under summer conditions, which may improve the nutrient reduction rates by biofilm carriers, is underway.

3

Removal of Meropenem by using Lemna minor

Saad Noora, Al-Dulaimi Samara

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2021

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Vol. 30, No. 3

485--495

EN

In this paper we presented a case study about the removal of a pharmaceutical contamination (in this case Meropenem) from the environment using organic natural substance (in this case study is Lemna minor). The study proved the efficiency of the used material to remove the contamination of three specific contamination levels of Meropenem. The experimental testing proved the concept, the effect on two vital measures (the chemical oxygen demand – COD, and the root length), which showed improvement in both measures. The degradation mechanism was proven to be not arbitrary by testing the degradation behavior measured practically to four kinetic models. The practical work was found to fit perfectly with the Grau second order model as the simulation work included in the paper shows. Based on this study it can be proven that the dangerous chemicals resulted from the residue of a pharmaceutical substances can be removed efficiently using a totally natural environmental friendly material.

4

The effect of Saharan dust on the copper uptake by Lemna minor

Rashidi Adeleh, Ergen Şeyda Fikirdeşici, Karakas Mehmet, Saydam Ahmet C., Altındağ Ahmet

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2019

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Vol. 45, no. 4

84--91

EN

In this study, the aim was to model the toxic effect of copper (Cu) and analyse the removal of Cu in aqueous Saharan and non-Saharan mediums by Lemna minor. Two separate test groups were formed: with Saharan dust (S) and without Saharan dust (WS). These test groups were exposed to 3 different Cu concentrations (0.05, 0.50 and 5.00 ppm). Time, concentration, and group-dependent removal efficiencies were compared using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test and statistically significant differences were found. The optimum removal values were tested at the highest concentration 79.6% in the S medium and observed on the 4th day for all test groups. The lowest removal value (16%) was observed at 0.50 ppm on the 1st day in the WS medium. When the S medium and WS medium were compared, in all test groups Cu was removed more successfully in the S medium than the WS medium contaminated by Cu in 3 different concentrations of (0.05 ppm, 0.50 ppm, 5.00 ppm). The regression analysis was also tested for all prediction models. Different models were performed and it was found that cubic models show the highest predicted values (R2). The R2 values of the estimation models were found to be at the interval of 0.939–0.991 in the WS medium and 0.995–1.000 in the S medium.

5

Ocena skuteczności procesu koagulacji w oczyszczaniu popłuczyn z układu cyrkulacji wody basenowej

Łaskawiec E., Dudziak M., Wyczarska-Kokot J.

Ochrona Środowiska

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2018

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Vol. 40, nr 1

57--60

PL

Oceniono możliwości zastosowania procesu koagulacji do oczyszczania popłuczyn z płukania złóż filtracyjnych pracujących w układzie cyrkulacji wody basenowej. Usunięcie części zanieczyszczeń z popłuczyn pozwoliłoby na ich odprowadzanie bezpośrednio do środowiska (np. do nawadniania zieleni) oraz na ograniczenie ilości ścieków odprowadzanych do kanalizacji. W badaniach laboratoryjnych zastosowano cztery różne koagulanty – glinowe (PAX) i żelazowe (PIX) – w zakresie dawek od 1,5 mg/dm3 do 6,0 mg/dm3. Analizie zmian wartości wybranych wskaźników fizyczno-chemicznych (barwa, zawiesiny ogólne, mętność, chlor ogólny, fosfor ogólny, absorbancja w nadfiolecie, ChZT oraz wskaźnik fenolowy) towarzyszyła także analiza fitotoksyczności składników popłuczyn (cieczy nadosadowej i osadów) w stosunku do wybranych roślin wskaźnikowych – rzęsa (Lemna minor) i rzeżucha (Lepidium sativum). Przeprowadzone testy naczyniowe procesu koagulacji pozwoliły na uzyskanie jakości popłuczyn pozwalającej na wprowadzenie ich bezpośrednio do środowiska. Niezależnie od zastosowanego rodzaju koagulantu, poprawa jakości fizyczno-chemicznej popłuczyn została osiągnięta już przy dawkach w zakresie 1,5÷3,0 mg/dm3, przy czym najskuteczniejszy okazał się PAX 25, będący mieszaniną polichlorku glinu i chlorku żelaza(II). Dodatkowo nie odnotowano efektu fitotoksycznego zarówno cieczy nadosadowej, jak i osadów pokoagulacyjnych. Tak oczyszczone popłuczyny mogą być wykorzystane na przykład do nawadniania zieleni na terenach obiektów basenowych.

EN

Applicability of coagulation technique in purification of filter washings from the swimming pool circulation system was evaluated. Removal of some of the contaminants from washings would allow for their discharge directly into the environment (e.g., for irrigation of greenery) and limiting the amount of sewage entering the sewer. In the laboratory studies, four different coagulants were used – aluminum (PAX) and ferric (PIX) – in doses ranging 1.5–6.0 mg/dm3. In addition, the analysis of fluctuations of the values of selected physicochemical parameters (color, general suspensions, turbidity, total chlorine, total phosphorus, ultraviolet absorbance, COD and phenol index) was accompanied by the analysis of washing components (supernatant liquid and sediments) phytotoxicity against the selected indicator plants – eyelash (Lemna minor) and cress (Lepidium sativum). The jar tests conducted throughout the coagulation process resulted in washings of quality adequate to be introduced directly into the environment. Regardless of the type of coagulant used, the improvement of physicochemical parameters of washings was achieved already at doses in the range of 1.5–3.0 mg/dm3, with PAX 25, polyaluminum chloride and iron chloride(II) mixture, being the most effective. In addition, no phytotoxic effect of both the supernatant and post-coagulation sediments was noted. Such purified washings could be employed for example in watering greenery at swimming pool areas.

6

An evaluation of the phytotoxicity of filter backwash water coagulation products from a pool water system

Łaskawiec E., Dudziak M., Wyczarska-Kokot J.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 44, nr 4

43--56

EN

The possibility of using the process of coagulation for purifying the filter backwash water from a swimming pool water system has been presented. The assessment of the process efficiency based on the physicochemical parameters was extended by a phytotoxicity analysis of products (sludges and supernatant liquids) obtained from the coagulation processes. The phytotoxicity of sludges was examined with respect to garden cress (Lepidium sativum) and white mustard (Sinapis alba), while duckweed (Lemna minor) was used for studying liquids. Coagulation process was highly effective in purifying backwash water when the lowest of the studied aluminum coagulant doses (from 7 to 20 mg/dm3) was used. Moreover, the phytotoxicity assessment of backwash water allowed the determination of the hazard toward plants, which would be posed by using the backwash water for plant irrigation. The high stimulation of the growth of plant indices, observed in samples with raw backwash water, was caused by nutritive nitrogen and phosphorus. Their removal, in the case of postcoagulation solutions, significantly contributed to the inhibition of plant growth. In turn, sludges derived from both raw washings and coagulation exhibited phytotoxicity.

7

Lemna minor L. jako biomonitor punktowych źródeł zanieczyszczenia metalami ciężkimi ekosystemów wodnych

Szmit K., Marciniak M., Rajfur M.

Proceedings of ECOpole

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2017

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Vol. 11, No. 1

303--311

PL

W 2016 roku przeprowadzono wstępne badania, których celem była ocena możliwości wykorzystania rzęsy drobnej (Lemna minor L.) w biomonitoringu pasywnym wód powierzchniowych. Rzęsa drobna została pobrana ze zbiorników i cieków wodnych zlokalizowanych w gminach: Grodków, Lewin Brzeski, Niemodlin oraz na terenie miasta Opole (województwo opolskie). Metale ciężkie (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd i Pb) w zmineralizowanych próbkach bioty oznaczono metodą absorpcyjnej spektrometrii atomowej (AAS). Wskazano na różnice w stężeniach metali ciężkich w próbkach Lemna minor L. pobranych ze zbiorników położonych w różnej odległości od źródeł zanieczyszczeń, którymi były np. szlaki komunikacyjne (autostrada A4, droga krajowa nr 94) i zakłady przemysłowe. Wyniki badań potwierdziły przydatność Lemna minor L. jako biomonitora do wykrywania punktowych źródeł zanieczyszczenia ekosystemów wodnych m.in. ołowiem i niklem.

EN

A preliminary study was conducted in 2016 to assess the possibility of using common duckweed (Lemna minor L.) in passive biomonitoring of surface waters. The duckweed was collected from reservoirs and watercourses located in Grodkow, Lewin Brzeski, Niemodlin and Opole (Opole Province). Heavy metals (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in mineralized biota samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Differences in heavy metals concentrations were observed in samples of Lemna minor L. collected from reservoirs located at different distances from contamination sources, such as communication routes (A4 motorway, national road 94) and industrial plants. The results of the study confirmed the usefulness of Lemna minor L. as a biomonitor of point sources of aquatic ecosystems contamination with, i.a. lead and nickel.

8

Nitrogen and phosphorous removal from leachate by duckweed (Lemna minor)

Iqbal J., Baig M. A.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 43, nr 4

123--134

EN

Two separate experiments were conducted during the months of June and September, 2014 to investigate the nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorous) removal from leachate by growing duckweed, Lemna minor in various leachate dilutions under natural climatic conditions of Islamabad, Pakistan. The highest uptake of nitrogen and phosphorous by duckweed was 95% and 90%, respectively, whereas the highest growth rate of duckweed was 6.4 g·m–2·day–1 during both experiments. The highest rates of nitrogen and phosphorous removal from leachate media were 380 and 200 mg·m–2·day–1, respectively, during both experiments. Nutrient uptake by duckweed and its growth rate was rapid at more diluted leachate whereas the nutrient removal rates from leachate media were higher in more concentrated leachate. The duckweed growth and its nutrient uptake ability under natural climatic conditions were directly affected by seasonal climatic variations. Relatively higher temperature and more intense solar radiation were more favorable for the duckweed growth and its nutrient uptake ability. Both parameters can be improved by pre-acclimation of duckweed with leachate which prevents the lag phase of the duckweed growth.

9

Indirect effect of made grounds on the aquatic flora and fauna

Dudziak M., Kopańska D.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 43, nr 2

15--24

EN

The presence of made grounds containing industrial waste materials in the natural environment presents a potential ecological threat. Therefore, in the present study we examined the indirect effects of selected made grounds on the aquatic flora and fauna. The subject of the study were aqueous extracts from made grounds containing metallurgical slags and their effect on the survival of the crustacean daphnia (Daphnia magna) and the inhibition of growth of the plant duckweed (Lemna minor). Due to the fact that duckweed is also used for phytoremediation, the solution after the contact with the plant was assessed for changes of toxicity using the toxicological enzymatic bioassay employing bacteria (Allivibrio fischeri). It was found that the extracts of made grounds adversely affect both the survival of the crustaceans and the growth of plants, however, despite the inhibition of the growth of duckweed it has the ability to phytoremediate contaminants present in the made grounds.

10

Ocena toksyczności kompostów skażonych rtęcią

Wolf M., Traczewska T., Sitarska M., Filyarovskaya V., Hanus-Lorenz B., Hołtra A., Zamorska-Wojdyła D.

Technologia Wody

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2015

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Nr 5 (43)

76--87

PL

Celem badań była ocena toksyczności kompostu wzbogaconego biomasą pofitoreniediacyjną skażoną rtęcią. Eksperyment przeprowadzono w trzech układach: gleba-biomasa bez rtęci (kontrola), gleba-biomasa z rtęcią, gleba-biomasa z rtęcią i zaszczepem mikroorganizmów wyizolowanych ze środowiska opornych na działanie rtęci. Śmiertelność dżdżownic gatunku Eiseniafetida w glebie skażonej rtęcią wykazała, iż dodatek biomasy do stężenia i mgHg/kg s.m. nie wywołuje efektu toksycznego; ponadto nie zauważono śmiertelności dżdżownic w żadnym wykorzystanym podłożu. Na śmiertelność dżdżownic nie miał także wpływu zaszczep mikroorganizmami opornymi na rtęć, które zostały wyizolowane ze środowiska naturalnego.

EN

The aim of the study was to evaluate the toxicity of compost-enriched biomass after phytoremediation contaminated with mercury. The experiment was performed in three schemes: soil-biomass free of mercury (control), soil-biomass with mercury, soil-biomass with mercury inoculated by microorganisms isolated from the environment resistant to mercury. The mortality rate of the Eisenia fetida earthworms in soil contaminated with mercury showed that the addition of biomass to a concentration of l mg Hg/kg DM does not cause toxic effects. The inocula mercury-resistant microorganisms that have been isolated from the environment had no effect on erthworms mortality.

11

Duckweed does not improve the efficiency of municipal wastewater treatment in Lemna System plants

Ozimek T., Dąbrowski W., Florkiewicz M.

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2015

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Vol. 41, no. 3

47--52

EN

his study investigated the operation of three full-scale Lemna System surface flow municipal wastewater treatment plants, built according to the Lemna Corporation design. These plants consist of two ponds, the first aerated and the second for duckweed, with a barrier grid in the latter to ensure uniform plant distribution across its area. According to designers duckweed improves the efficiency of wastewater treatment. The three treatment plants are situated in central Poland and they differ in the occurrence of duckweed, two of them, located in Raków and Bąkowiec, operate without duckweed. and the third in Falęcin Stary, Lemna minor covers ca. 90% of second pond surface. The efficiency of Lemna System wastewater treatment was found not to differ between the plants with and without duckweed. The aerated pond played the main role in reduction of pollutants in the investigated Lemna Systems.

PL

Badania prowadzono w trzech czyszczalniach hydrofi towych z powierzchniowym przepływem ścieków typu Lemna System, zbudowanych według projektu Lemna Corporation. Składają się one ze stawu napowietrzanego i stawu rzęsowego wyposażonego w system barier mających na celu równomierne rozmieszczenie roślin. Stawy poprzedzone są osadnikiem wstępnym. Według projektantów odpowiednia praca tych oczyszczalni związana jest z występowaniem rzęsy na powierzchni stawu rzęsowego. Badano efektywność oczyszczania ścieków komunalnych w trzech oczyszczalniach Lemna System usytuowanych w centralnej Polsce ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem roli stawu rzęsowego i samej rzęsy. Oczyszczalnie różniły się między sobą występowaniem rzęsy. W dwóch z nich (w Rakowie i Bąkowcu) w trakcie całego okresu badań rzęsa nie występowała, natomiast w trzeciej (w Falęcinie Starym) w okresie wegetacyjnym pokrywała do 90%.powierzchni stawu. Efektywność oczyszczanie ścieków nie różniła się w oczyszczalni z rzęsą i bez rzęsy. Rzęsa nie wpływała istotnie na efektywność oczyszczania ścieków. We wszystkich oczyszczalniach główną rolę w redukcji zanieczyszczeń odgrywał staw napowietrzany.

12

Wpływ pola elektromagnetycznego na rośliny na przykładzie rzęsy drobnej – przegląd literatury

Długosz T., Klink A.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2012

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R. 88, nr 12b

121-123

PL

Artykuł omawia podstawowe zagadnienia związane z badaniem wpływu pola elektromagnetycznego na rośliny. Scharakteryzowano rzęsę drobną oraz omówiono wybrane źródła pola elektromagnetycznego. W pracy przedstawiono przegląd doniesień literaturowych na temat wpływu pola elektromagnetycznego na rzęsę drobną.

EN

This paper presents basic issues devoted electromagnetic field influence on plants. Lemna minor is described and an overview of exposure systems is presented. Authors presented selected reports on Lemna minor reaction on electromagnetic field.

13

Growth rate of duckweeds (Lemnaceae) in relation to the internal and ambient nutrient concentrations - testing the Droop and Monod models

Kufel L., Strzałek M., Wysokińska U., Biardzka E., Oknińska S., Ryś K.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2012

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Vol. 60, nr 2

241-249

EN

The Monod model describes the relationship between growth rate and ambient nutrient concentration, the Droop model focuses on internal nutrient resources as the driving factor. Both were applied mainly to explain phytoplankton dynamics in lakes or in experimental cultures. Our test plants were two species of duckweeds - Lemna minor L. and Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleiden sampled from 18 natural stands situated in 6 different water bodies. Plants were grown outdoor in original lake water or in mineral media of varying N and P concentrations (0-21 mg N-NO3 L[^-1] and 0-1853 [mu]g P-PO4 L[^-1] for L.minor and 0-4.2 mg N-NO3 L[^-1] and 0-371 [mu]g P-PO4 L[^-1] for S. polyrhiza). Moreover, we analysed concentrations of mineral forms of N and P in lake water and tissue nutrient concentrations in plants. Tissue N of both plants was significantly correlated with ambient inorganic nitrogen sources, no such relationship was observed for tissue P. The growth rate of both plants measured under experimental outdoor conditions was better explained by tissue N and P variability (the Droop model) than by the external nutrient availability (the Monod model). The latter also failed to fit the growth rate of both plants in artificial mineral media with a decreasing gradient of N and P concentrations. The plants grew at the expense of internal N and P resources which remarkably declined during 9-day long experiments. Calculated minimum tissue contents (11.19 [plus or minus] 1.11 mg N g[^-1] and 0.97 [plus or minus] 0.07 mg P g[^-1] in L. minor and 6.10 [plus or minus] 1.85 mg N and 1.25 [plus or minus] 0.37 mg P g[^-1] in S. polyrhiza) show that the latter species would be a superior competitor under N limiting conditions and the former - under P limitation. We confront obtained results with literature data on N uptake kinetics and postulate that the luxury consumption of nutrients and plant growth dependent mainly on internal N and P resources might be an adaptation of duckweeds to varying habitat conditions typical of astatic water bodies.

14

Bioakumulacja metali ciężkich w wybranych elementach bioty łowiska leśnego w Pokrzywnej (woj. opolskie, PL)

Rajfur M., Kłos A., Wacławek M.

Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology

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2010

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R. 15, NR 2

167--171

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczących akumulacji metali ciężkich: Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd i Pb przez elementy bioty: glony Spirogyra sp., moczarkę kanadyjską (Elodea canadensis Michx.) i rzęsę drobną (Lemna minor L.), zasiedlające wody Łowiska Leśnego w Pokrzywnej, w województwie opolskim (PL). Wyniki porównano ze stężeniami badanych analitów w wodach jeziora. Stwierdzono, że pod względem zdolności do bioakumulacji metali ciężkich badane rośliny wodne można uszeregować w kolejności: Spirogyra sp. ~ Elodea canadensis Michx. > Lemna minor L. Wyznaczone współczynniki bioakumulacji (BCF), będące porównaniem stężeń analitów w roślinie i w wodzie, w której wegetują, wskazują na bardzo dobre właściwości akumulacyjne badanych roślin.

EN

The results of uwestigations concerning accumulation of heavy metals: Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in biota components: algae Spirogyra sp., Elodea canadensis Michy., and Lemna minor L. were shown. The samples of plants investigated were taken from waters of Forest Fishery lake in Pokrzywna, in Opole province (PL). The results were compared with concentrations of analytes determined in waters of the lake. It was found that ability of heavy metals bioaccumulation in aquatic plants can be arranged in the order: Spirogyra sp. ~ Elodea canadensis Michx. > Lemna minor L. Yalues of the calculated bioaccumulation factors (BCF), which shows ratio of analytes concentrations in plant and in water, show very good accumulation abłlities of the plants' studied.

15

Common duckweed (Lemna minor L.) as a potential bioindicator of heavy metal pollution of freshwaters

Wechterowicz Z., Rajkowska M., Protasowicki M.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2005

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Vol. 12, nr 10

1155-1161

EN

Concentrations of Hg, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr and Ni in common duckweed (Lemna minor L) collected from 30 sites in 5 provinces of northem and western Poland were studied. Concentration levels in analyzed materials were very differentiated and seemed to correspond to the environment condition. The best example is that the highest contents of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu and Ni (4 to 100-fold) were detected in samples collected in the vicinity of a copper smelter. The results of present research, combined with literature data, indicate potential applicability of common duckweed as a cumulative bioindicator in heavy metals monitoring of freshwaters.

PL

Badano zawartości Hg, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr i Ni w rzęsie drobnej (Lemna minor L.) pobranej z 30 stanowisk w 5 województwach Polski Północnej i Zachodniej. Zawartość metali w roślinach okazała się silnie zróżnicowana. O tym, że otrzymane wyniki odzwierciedlały stopień zanieczyszczenia środowiska metalami najlepiej, świadczy fakt, iż największe stężenia Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu i Ni (4 do 100 razy większe niż w pozostałych próbkach) stwierdzono w rzęsie pobranej w okolicach huty miedzi. Wyniki badań w połączeniu z danymi z literatury wskazują na potencjalną przydatność rzęsy drobnej jako bioindykatora kumulatywnego do monitoringu metali ciężkich w wodach śródlądowych.

16

Bioacumulation of mercury in common duckweed (Lemna minor L.). Model research

Rajkowska M., Wechtorowicz Z., Protasowicki M.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2005

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Vol. 12, nr 10

1121-1125

EN

Accumulation of mercury in common duckweed (Lemna minor L) was studied. Duckweed was kept in varied concentrations of mercury (as HgCl2) aqueous solutions. Mercury concentration factors for duckweed were between 450 (at concentration 0,5 g/dm[to 3]) and 950 (at concentration 0.1 g/dm[to 3] Significant correlation between mercury concentrations in duckweed and water was observed, which is described by equation y = 0.592x + 0,086, (r = 0.955). Observed relationships indicate potential suitability of common duckweed for bioindication of mercury contamination of freshwaters.

PL

Badano akumulację rtęci w rzęsie drobnej (Lemna minor L.). Rzęsę poddano działaniu roztworów wodnych o różnym stężeniu rtęci (w postaci HgCl2). Współczynniki bioakumulacji rtęci w rzęsie wynosiły od 450 (przy stężeniu 0,5 g/dm[do 3]) do 950 (przy stężeniu 0,l g/dm[do 3]). Zaobserwowano wyraźną zależność pomiędzy zawartością rtęci w rzęsie a jej stężeniem w wodzie, którą opisuje równanie y = 0,592x + 0,086, (r = 0,955). Stwierdzone zależności wskazują na potencjalną przydatność rzęsy drobnej do bioindykacji skażenia wód śródlądowych rtęcią.