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Palynology and archaeology of Late Vistulian and Early Holocene sites in Lubuskie Lake District, western Poland

Okuniewska-Nowaczyk I, Sobkowiak-Tabaka I

Studia Quaternaria

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2014

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Vol. 31, Nr 1

39--50

EN

The Lubuskie Lake District played an important part in recolonisation of the Polish Plain due to its location and the character of the terrain. Despite that, it is and especially its northern part, poorly explored regarding both history of Late Glacial and early Holocene settlements, and the natural environment. The paper presents results of multidisciplinary research in this area. The most spectacular discoveries were connected with remains of settlements of the Hamburgian culture societies at Myszęcin currently the richest site of this culture over the entire North European Plain. In the vicinity of this site several Late Palaeolithic and Mesolithic settlements of varied functions were recorded. First palynological records came from the Younger Dryas sediments in this area. In a log with a palynological spectrum comprising Younger Dryas and the beginning of the Holocene, a charcoal dust was found and it could indicate human activity as humans lived at a lake shore. An important complement to the image of the Late Glacial settlement at the Lubuskie Lake District was provided by the research near Lubrza that resulted in data regarding settlements of the Federmesser and Swiderian culture societies. This region was not typical in a palynological spectrum of deposits during Allerod but also indicated highly diversified thickness of basal peat in a small area.

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Wiek i historia rozwoju torfowiska w Pakosławicach (południowo-zachodnia Opolszczyzna) na podstawie badań paleobotanicznych

Maj J., Gałka M.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2012

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Vol. 60, nr 2

110-116

EN

The result of palaeobotanical studies of biogenic sediments from Pakosławice made it possible to establish the age of limnic and peat sediments and reconstruct past plant communities and development phases of the sedimentary/sedentary basin. The investigated mire originated from overgrowth of a shallow lake. The lake formed probably as a result of thermokarst processes (permafrost thawing). Accumulation of gyttja started in the Alleröd to continue in the Younger Dryas and early Holocene (Preboreal and Boreal). The sedentation of peat deposits probably took place in the middle and late Holocene.

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Early development of late Vistulian (Weichselian) lacustrine sediments in the Żabieniec swamp (central Poland)

Pawłowski D.

Geochronometria

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2012

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Vol. 39, no. 3

197-211

EN

The early sedimentological and ecological developmental stages of a late Vistulian lake in the Żabieniec swamp near Łódź (central Poland) were analysed by radiometric dating, changes in the frequency of specimens and species composition of Cladocera and multivariate statistical analysis (DCA). The longevity of the lake resulted in a fairly complete sedimentary record from approximately 22 ka to 11 ka cal BP. Species composition and the variability in the frequency of Cladocera spec-imens has made it possible to distinguish eleven zones of their development, which are well correlat-ed with radiocarbon data. The results were compared to those from other sites of north and central Eu-rope. The initial Cladocera development comprises the richest and oldest late Vistulian Cladocera record in Europe. These cladoceran assemblages show that a deep, oligotrophic, moderately cold-water lake was present at the beginning. It appears that the cladoceran development was mainly due to climate change, but also to changes in locally prevailing conditions in the water body. The high frequency of cladocerans, as well as the presence of cladoceran taxa preferring warmer water, was noted before approximately 16 ka BP. The biota suggests that the Oldest Dryas cooling was not se-vere and fairly variable in terms of humidity and temperature. The changes in Cladocera composition give evidence of what is described as the Intra-Bolling Cold Oscillation. It is also concluded that the Bolling is represented by two phases in the Żabieniec lake sediments.

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Stratigraphic position of fluvial and aeolian deposits in the Żabinko site (w Poland) based on TL dating

Zieliński P. P., Sokołowski R. J., Fedorowicz S., Jankowski M.

Geochronometria

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2011

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Vol. 38, no. 1

64-71

EN

The known from literature Żabinko site is situated in the Warta Pradolina, within the dune field occurring on the bifurcation terrace. In the site we found fluvial, fluvio-aeolian and aeolian deposits, paleosols, and organic infillings of the inactive river channels. The purpose of the study was to determine stratigraphic position of the deposit units distinguished on the basis of lithofacial analysis, pedological description and thermoluminescence dating. The obtained results well correspond to the previously published ones, and new units were also found.

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Chronology of aeolian events recorded in the Karczmiska Dune (Lublin Upland) in the light of lithofacial analysis, 14C and TL dating

Fedorowicz S., Zieliński P.

Geochronometria

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2009

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Vol. 33

9-17

EN

The article studies an average-size parabolic dune located in the northern part of the Chodel Basin, Lublin Upland, Poland within the extensive dune field which covers the contact area of the loess patch slope and the high sandy terrace. Its complex structure and the presence of terrace sand and loess in the floor inspired the authors to conduct detailed lithological studies, as well as TL and 14C dating. As a result, it was possible to determine the mechanism and age of aeolian accumulation cycles in the dune, which contains very good representative evidence of aeolian events in the Lublin Upland.

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Ewolucja form i osadów stokowych w późnym vistulianie i holocenie w rynnie jeziora Jasień

Majewski M.

Landform Analysis

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2008

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Vol. 7

95--101

PL

Na podstawie badań terenowych przeprowadzonych po wschodniej stronie rynny jeziora Jasień oraz z wykorzystaniem literatury z zakresu paleogeografii, autor dokonał rekonstrukcji przebiegu procesów stokowych, które zaszły w późnym vistulianie i holocenie. Badania pozwoliły wyróżnić etapy kształtowania się dolinek erozyjno-denudacyjnych i powstawania osadów stokowych. Wykazały one również wpływ działalności człowieka na rozwój wymienionych zjawisk i pozwoliły umieścić je w ramach czasowych.

EN

The Jasień lake trough is situated in northern Poland, in the eastern part of West Pomeranian Lakeland. Main geomorphic features of the area developed during the advance of the Bytów ice lobe and its subsequent decay, ca. 16,000 years ago. Research focused on the evolution of erosion-denudation landforms and characteristics of slope deposits was based on detailed field work, which involved excavation of numerous test pits within dry valleys dissecting the eastern slopes of the Jasień lake trough. The onset of valley morphogenesis can be dated for the period immediately preceding the Oldest Dryas. Seasonal concentrated runoff caused initial dissection of the topographic surface sloping towards the lake. Later on, probably in the Oldest Dryas, solifluction and surface wash began to re-shape valley sides, which have been later transformed by different processes and yielded different types of sediments. During warmer periods, particularly at their waxing stages, valley floors were subject to dissection, as testified by pavement surfaces, and stored sediments moved down the valley. Slope deposits formed mainly during cooler stages of the Vistulian and at the turn of the Holocene. Lithologically, they represent stony-gravel horizons related to solifluction and sandy deluvial series. The period between the Preboreal and Subatlantic witnessed little geomorphic activity and is recorded in well developed palaeosols. Slope activity resumed in the early Middle Ages, under the influence of people.

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Late glacial and holocene stratotype profile of palaeosols in the Warsaw basin

Konecka-Betley K., Janowska E.

Studia Quaternaria

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2005

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Vol. 22

3-16

EN

Palaeosols from the Warsaw Basin developed from eolian sands and aqueous deposits are distinguished as pedostratigraphic units of the Quaternary. They were typologically determined as type soils for the study area based on the succession of genetic-diagnostic horizons for the particular soil types. Two partial profiles were analysed - in Cieciwa and in Wi1zowna Piekie3ko, which were later considered as a composite stratotype of palaeosols in the Warsaw Basin. Both partial profiles allow recognising old aqueous processes and slightly younger eolian processes characteristic for the Oldest, Older and Younger Dryas Phase, as well as the pedogenetic processes taking place during warming stages in the terminal Late Vistulian and Holocene. Based on the analyses, five palaeosol horizons were distinguished within the Warsaw Basin. The oldest ones are represented by humus-gley soils developed from Pleistocene agueous deposits of the Epe Interphase and the initial soil from the Bölling Interphase developed from aeolian sands of the Oldest Dryas Phase. The third soil is represented by a poorly developed podzolized soil from the Alleröd developed from sands of the Older Dryas. Sands of the Younger Dryas were capped in the Holocene by a rusty soil from the Boreal Phase, which was recognised in both profiles. From the same sands undergoing continuous blowing out, or as a continuation of the rusty soil, a ferruginous podzol or ferruginous-humus podzol developed during the Atlantic Interphase. In depressions the podzol is in some cases capped by a thin peat. The stratotype profile is distinguished as a reference profile and the base for comparison with analogous horizons in Central Poland.