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1

Rekonstrukcja zmian paleośrodowiskowych w eemskich zagłębieniach bezodpływowych przedpola lądolodu ostatniego zlodowacenia na przykładzie stanowiska Stara Maryśka II (Północne Mazowsze, Polska Centralna)

Rychel Joanna, Sieradz Dominika, Massalska Barbara, Standzikowski Karol, Wasiluk Radosław, Woronko Barbara, Nawrocki Jerzy

Landform Analysis

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2022

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Vol. 41

53--68

PL

Odsłonięta w stanowisku Stara Maryśka II sukcesja osadowa obejmuje górną część interglacjału eemskiego po zlodowacenie wisły. Na podstawie ciągłości zapisu palinologicznego w osadach wypełniających zbiornik odtworzony został przebieg zmian klimatu i środowiska w okresie późnego plejstocenu (MIS5e-MIS2). Wyniki datowań metodą OSL pozwoliły wyróżnić okresy funkcjonowania warstwy czynnej wieloletniej zmarzliny podczas zlodowacenia wisły (MIS4- -MIS2), która jest wyznacznikiem warunków peryglacjalnych panujących przed czołem lądolodu. Oznaczony został również czas formowania się wydm w rejonie stanowiska.

EN

The sedimentary succession exposed in Stara Maryśka II site includes last part of Eemian Interglacial (MIS 5e) to Late Weichselian (MIS2) deposits. On the base of the palynological record in the paleo-lake, the climate and environmental changes during MIS 5e were reconstructed. Optically stimulated luminescence dating of the sands pseudomorphoses of ice wegdes made it possible to distinguish periods of increased aeolian activity during the Weichselian glaciation.

2

Palaeogeographic reconstruction of the North Podlasie region in the Sokółka area during the Late Pleistocene (NE Poland)

Rychel Joanna

Geological Quarterly

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2021

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Vol. 65, No. 1

art. no. 12

EN

A new palaeogeographic reconstruction from the end of the Odranian Glaciation to the end of the Weichslian Glaciation (MIS 2) is based on research carried out at the Knyszewicze site, NE Poland, focusing on the dynamics of the Wartanian Glaciation (MIS 6) and showing the lobed nature of this ice sheet. Reconstruction of deglaciation in the research area was supplemented by analysis of postglacial morpholineaments (MMA). Research carried out at the Jałówka site enabled reconstruction of the processes affecting lake processes during the Eemian (MIS 5e) Interglacial and transformation of this area during the Weichselian Glaciation. The results obtained indicated that the study area was not covered by Weichselian ice, the sediments formerly considered as glacial being slope-related and providing evidence of periglacial conditions. A new conceptual model for the evolution of this area is put forward, showing the polygenetic nature of the relief. The glacial landforms developed during the Warta Stadial and transformed during the Eemian Interglacial were further affected by periglacial processes, which significantly remodelled the relief.

3

Vistulian periglacial and glacial environments in central Poland : an overview

Dzieduszyńska Danuta, Petera-Zganiacz Joanna, Roman Małgorzata

Geological Quarterly

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2020

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Vol. 64, No. 1

54--73

EN

Vistulian climatic changes are recorded in various sedimentary environments of central Poland, both in the extraglacial zone of the last glaciation and also in the area occupied by the last Scandinavian Ice Sheet, being reflected by palaeobotanical, palaeozoological, sedimentological and geochronological data. The most pronounced morphogenetic processes are linked to a glacial succession in the northern part of the study area, referred to the Upper Plenivistulian. For most of the study area, located in the extraglacial zone, the climatic changes are reconstructed from lake-bog, fluvial, slope and aeolian sedimentary successions. In central Poland, no site has been documented so far where there would be a continuous biogenic record through the whole Vistulian. Environmental changes recorded through the Vistulian include temperature, vegetation and the dynamics of morphogenetic processes, and sedimentary environments most useful for assessing changes occurring at that time may be indicated. The Early Vistulian is best recognized within biogenic deposits, as in the older part of Plenivistulian. The conditions in the earlier part of the Plenivistulian are best reported from fluvial and slope deposits with evidence of permafrost and of glacial conditions, though only in the northern part of the study area. Changing conditions of the Late Vistulian are expressed via well-documented morphogenetic processes occurring in all (except glacial) sedimentary environments, lake-bog and aeolian environments providing the most complete information about the nature of this period. Most of the Vistulian deposits reflect cold periods. There is a distinctive increase in periglacial impacts throughout the Plenivistulian with the apogee during the Upper Plenivistulian and interstadial warmings did not influence this trend. Each sedimentary environment provides significant data about the climate evolution, and processes playing a leading role vary according to the Vistulian stratigraphic unit. The consolidation of findings from regional research has provided new directions for further interdisciplinary studies.

4

Chronostratigraphy of the Late Vistulian in Central Poland and the correlation with Vistulian glacial phases

Dzieduszyńska Danuta A., Forysiak Jacek

Studia Quaternaria

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2019

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Vol. 36, Nr 2

137--145

EN

The Vistulian decline was a period of rapid environmental events. The authors correlated ages of the last Scandinavian Ice Sheet limits in northern Poland with ages of prominent events adapting the conditions of periglacial environment of Central Poland in response to the Late Vistulian climate warming. Ages from previous thematic geological and palaeogeographical studies were collected. The approach used indicates that despite methodological uncertainties and sometimes inconsistency of ages, it is especially helpful in timing of first warming signals (ca. 19–18 cal ka BP) and establishing of environmentally bipartite 3 millennia of the Oldest Dryas in the extraglacial zone. Abrupt warming at the onset of the Bølling-Allerød is well registered in biotic and abiotic archives available from Central Poland and remains in agreement with the large recession of the southern ice sheet margin.

5

Geochemical properties of the Late Pleistocene loess-soil sequence in Dankowice (Niemcza-Strzelin Hills)

Raczyk J., Jary Z., Korabiewski B.

Landform Analysis

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2015

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Vol. 29

49--61

EN

Loess-soil sequences provide one of the most continuous and detailed records of the climate changes on land areas in the Quaternary. The Late Pleistocene loess section in Dankowice (Niemcza-Strzelin Hills) is one of the best recognized in SW Poland. For the investigation of the chemical composition of loess-soil sequence in Dankowice, 31 loess samples were tested. Ten main oxides were determined (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MnO, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, TiO2 and P2O5) using certified reference materials to obtain good credibility of the analysis. The chemical composition of loess from Dankowice is similar to the results presented in the world loess literature. The characteristic feature is extremely high concentration of the silica. The chemical composition of loess in Dankowice is differentiated within the vertical sequence and confirm previous division of litho-pedostratigraphic units. Therefore, the chemostratigraphic method can be successfully used as a one of lithostratigraphic methods. Decreasing values of the chemical weathering indices to the top of the section may indicate that the source areas of loess silt have provided material over time, less and less transformed by prolonged and intense chemical weathering processes.

6

Luminescence Dating of Fluvial Deposits from the Weser Valley, Germany

Roskosch J., Tsukamoto S., Frechen M.

Geochronometria

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2015

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Vol. 42, no.1

126--138

EN

Luminescence dating was applied on coarse-grained monomineralic potassium-rich feldspar and polymineralic fine-grained minerals of five samples derived from fluvial deposits of the River Weser in northwestern Germany. We used a pulsed infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) single aliquot regenerative (SAR) dose protocol with an IR stimulation at 50°C for 400 s (50 μs on-time and 200 μs off-time). In order to obtain a stable luminescence signal, only off-time IRSL signal was recorded. Performance tests gave solid results. Anomalous fading was intended to be reduced by using the pulsed IRSL signal measured at 50°C (IR50), but fading correction was in most cases necessary due to moderate fading rates. Fading uncorrected and corrected pulsed IR50 ages revealed two major fluvial aggradation phases during the Late Pleistocene, namely during marine isotope stage (MIS) 5d (100 ± 5 ka) and from late MIS 5b to MIS 4 (77 ± 6 ka to 68 ± 5 ka). The obtained luminescence ages are consistent with previous 230Th/U dating results from underlying interglacial deposits of the same pit, which are correlated with MIS 7c to early MIS 6.

7

Geochronology and Palaeomagnetic Records of the Snaigupėlė Section in South Lithuania

Baltrūnas V., Maksimov F. E., Kuznetsov F. Y., Karmaza B., Katinas V.

Geochronometria

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2015

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Vol. 42, no.1

172--181

EN

The interglacial deposits in the South Lithuanian Snaigupėlė outcrop and borehole Snaigupėlė-705 are marked for different bedding conditions though the sections are in proximity of each other. In the borehole section, the interglacial deposits are thicker and bedding at a greater depth than the analogous deposits of the outcrop. In the Snaigupėlė outcrop, the highest compatibility of isochronic-correction dates, calculated using L/L (method of leaching) and TSD (method of total sample dissolution) models, was determined for combination of three samples. With the help of the f value (section of isochrones in the axis of ordinates), the contribution of the primary pollution with thorium was determined where, as based on corrected analytical data, isochronic-correction dating was performed: 18 14 127+ − ka years for the L/L model and 22 16 132+ − ka for the TSD model. Palaeomagnetic investigations showed that the section of lacustrine sediments in the lower part of Snaigupėlė outcrop were orientated by reversed magnetic excursion and in the upper part by normal magnetic polarity. Collation of the obtained data with the global geomagnetic scale showed that the palaeomagnetic inversion observed in the Snaigupėlė section was related with the Blake Event in the Eemian Interglacial.

8

The application of malacological analysis in the study of slope deposits: late Pleistocene and Holocene of the Podhale Basin (Carpathians, Poland)

Alexandrowicz W. P.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2015

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Vol. 65, no. 2

245--261

EN

Slope deposits developed on calcareous sandstone and limestone formations in the eastern part of the Podhale Basin (Carpathians) were studied. In total, the analysis included fifteen profiles of such sediments, which revealed the presence of abundant malacofaunas comprising 39 mollusc species. Five faunistic assemblages differing in species composition and structure were defined in the material studied. Individual assemblages correspond to different climatic and environmental conditions, thereby making it possible to interpret the features of the sedimentary environments and specify the age of the deposits. Faunas with Pupilla loessica and Pupilla sterri containing species typical of loess formations are characteristic of deposits from the coldest phase of the last Glacial period (MIS 2). A fauna with Vertigo genesii, with a large proportion of cold-loving and moisture-loving taxa, is typical of the Younger Dryas. Associations that are dominated by shade-loving species, with Discus ruderatus and Discus perspectivus, correspond to the early and middle Holocene respectively. The investigations show that malacological analysis can be successfully applied to the research into slope deposits, enabling both the depositional conditions and the age of the sediments to be determined.

9

Przebieg i korelacja sukcesji pyłkowych późnego plejstocenu na terenie Polski i Białorusi

Granoszewski W., Winter H., Rylova T. B., Savcenko I. E.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2012

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Vol. 60, nr 11

605–-614

EN

The most representative and long Late Pleistocene pollen sequences covering the late glacial of the penultimate glaciation (Warta/Pripiat), the last interglacial (Eemian/Muravian) and the early glacial of the Last Glaciation (Vistulian/Poozerie) from the territory of Poland and Belarus have been correlated. The resemblance ofpollen spectra in these pollen sequences and a parallel succession of Regional Pollen Assemblage Zones in the considered time intervals suggest that the natural environment of Poland and Belarus underwent synchronous changes under unidirectional climatic transformations. Qualitative and quantitative features of the Regional Pollen Assemblage Zones show similarities and differences in vegetation and climate changes in the study area. A comparison of the pollen spectra from Poland and Belarus suggests that both territories were affected by a similar climate particularly during the cold intervals. Some differences between the compositions of the pollen spectra were noticed as concerns the interglacial period. For instance, Abies and Taxus pollen as well as significantly high percentages of Calluna vulgaris pollen in NE Poland towards the end of the period are present only in the Polish sections. This may suggest a more Atlantic type of the climate during the Last Interglacial in Poland than in Belarus.

10

Morphometric variation of reindeer remains (Rangifer tarandus Linnaeus, 1758) from Late Pleistocene cave localities in Poland

Stefaniak K., Piskorska T., Witkowska A., Wojtal P.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2012

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Vol. 82, No. 2

177–-191

EN

The paper deals with the morphometric analysis of remains of the reindeer Rangifer tarandus Linnaeus, 1758 from 20 Late Pleistocene cave localities in Poland. In most of the localities, the species was the most abundant component of the large mammal fauna; the remains came from individuals, killed by predators, including man. The measurements of the remains were compared with those of reindeer from localities in Germany, Moldova, Ukraine and Russia. The measurements of the reindeer from Poland were intermediate between the smaller and more slender reindeer from north-western Europe and the larger reindeer from southern and eastern Europe; the antlers from the localities studied mainly represented the tundra form of Rangifer tarandus. The forest form of the species was represented by a few antlers. With respect to the ages of individuals, the reindeer from the Polish sites belonged to the age classes of under 2 years, 5–6 years and 6–7 years.

11

The fossil echinoids of Santa Maria Island, Azores (Northern Atlantic Ocean)

Madeira P., Kroh A., Cordeiro R., Meireles R., Avila S.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2011

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Vol. 61, no. 3

243-264

EN

In the relatively young archipelago of the Azores, fossiliferous deposits are restricted to the oldest island (Santa Maria), mainly from late Miocene.early Pliocene deposits, and a few from the Pleistocene. echinoid material collected from these deposits comprises mainly disarticulated skeletal material (primary spines and coronal fragments) and a few complete tests. The taxa present in the Upper Miocene to lower Pliocene beds comprise Eucidaris tribuloides, Echinoneus cf. cyclostomus, Clypeaster altus, Echinocyamus pusillus, Echinocardium sp. 1, Echinocardium sp. 2, Schizobrissus sp. and undetermined spatangoids. The spatangoids and E. cf. cyclostomus, are new records for the Miocene.Pliocene strata of the island. The material collected from Upper Pleistocene outcrops (MISS 5e) included three regular echinoid species, Sphaerechinus granularis, Arbacia lixula and Paracentrotus lividus. The two latter species are recorded for the first time from the Pleistocene deposits of the island. Compared to the older deposits, the Pleistocene record represents a very narrow range of environments and is basically restricted to deposits associated with an ancient rocky shore. Moreover, the conspicuous presence of taxa typical of tropical seas in the Mio-Pliocene sediments contrasts with the Pleistocene and modern echinoid fauna, which is warm temperate in composition.

12

Chronostratigraphy and changes of environment of Late Pleistocene and Holocene at Starunia palaeontological site and vicinity (Carpathian region, Ukraine)

Sokołowski T., Stachowicz-Rybka R.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2009

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Vol. 79, No 3

315-331

EN

This paper presents the results of absolute dating and biostratigraphical analysis carried out for alluvial sediments of an abandoned Starunia ozokerite mine located in the Velyky Lukavets River valley, in which large mammal remains were discovered in the first half of the 20th century. The sediments build up three terrace levels. The highest one, up to 8 m high (terrace II), is likely to be associated with a stage of aggradation, as well as with a short episode of valley broadening, which occurred in the Weichselian Late Pleniglacial. The lower one, 4 m high (terrace I), is most likely to be linked with the Holocene, despite a considerable transformation of its top due to mining activity. The lower part of this terrace cover bears coarse-grained channel sediments dated to 120.6-58.9 ka BP (Eemian Interglacial?-Early Pleniglacial - OIS 5e, 4 and 3), and overbank (distal floodplain) mud with intercalations of biogenic deposits (peat, peat mud and biogenic mud). The overbank deposits are dated to 48.2-11.11 ka BP (Glinde Interstadial?-Younger Dryas, OIS 3-2) and are overlain by Holocene (OIS 1) mud and biogenic deposits. In boreholes drilled in the vicinity of the present-day river channel, younger sediments occur more frequently. These include sediments originating from the Late Weichselian overlain by Holocene sediments. However, sediments originating exclusively from the Holocene are infrequent. The deposition of sediments took place in specific conditions of a permanent saturation of the environment with brine, petroleum and thickened bitumen. In the longest period of deposition (48.2-1.27 ka BP), ephemeral swamps, ponds and lakes were developed in different parts of the floodplain. They were marked by the presence of: Juncus glaucus/effusus, J. articulatus, Typha sp., Batrachium sp., Potamogeton filliformis, Bidens tripartita, Ranunculus sceleratus and Phragmites communis, as well as by halophytic species, like: Zannichellia palustris, Triglochin maritimum, Schoenoplectus tabernemontani, Puccinelia distans and Eleocharis palustris. Rhythmic oscillations between cold and warm climatic conditions, typical of the Weichselian age and well identified in Western Europe, are here marked by the changes of plant communities (woody assemblages passing into steppe and tundra), but are not noticeably recorded in the sediments of the Velyky Lukavets River. This shows that the greatest part of the discussed period involved the formation of poorly differentiated silty overbank sediments with intercalations of biogenic sediments. However, the variability of sediments provides evidence for extreme events which occurred in the Holocene.

13

A critical review and reinterpretation of bio-, litho- and seismostratigraphic data of the Southern Baltic deposits

Zachowicz J., Miotk-Szpiganowicz G., Kramarska R., Uścinowicz Sz., Przedziecki P.

Polish Geological Institute Special Papers

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2008

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Vol. 23

117-138

EN

The aim of this study was the reinterpretation of the published and unpublished Late-Pleistocene and Holocene pollen and diatom diagrams of deposits from the sedimentary basins of the Southern Baltic Sea and the correlation of the distinguished biostratigraphic units with lithological parameters, seismostratigraphic units. Chronostratigraphic subdivision of the Late Pleistocene and Holocene was also made. To facilitate the correlation and reinterpretation of the results of biostratigraphic (palynological and diatom) analyses, new unified and simplified diagrams were drawn using the POLPAL software. Such diagrams were constructed for all the sites under comparison, even for those of no numerical data. In such cases, the published diagrams were scanned and their percentage values were the basis for new diagrams. A review and reinterpretation of biostratigraphic data show an almost complete lack of palynological documentation and diatom diagrams for the Late Pleistocene period and poor documentation for the Early Holocene. Middle and Late Holocene Baltic muds have the best biostratigraphic documentation and radiocarbon dating, which greatly facilitates their location on the geological time scale. Among the Southern Baltic postglacial sediments three lithostratigraphic units were identified. They differ in their lithological features reflecting the conditions prevalent in the sedimentary basin during deposition. It should be noted that these units meet no formal criteria for distinguishing lithostratigraphic units. Similarly, within the Late Pleistocene and Holocene sediments of Southern Baltic deep-water basins, three main seismostratigraphic complexes have been identified. The integrated analysis of seismoacoustic profiles, lithological profiles of cores and reinterpretated biostratigraphic data allow a correlation of the bio-, litho- and seismostratigraphic units with chronostratigraphic units and Baltic evolutionary phases.

14

Heavy minerals in the key Late Pleistocene loess-palaeosol section at Kolodiiv (East Carpathian Foreland, Ukraine)

Racinowski R.

Geological Quarterly

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2007

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Vol. 51, No 2

185-188

EN

Successions of loess and other deposits in the Kolodiiv profile, formed during the Eemian Inter glacial and Vistulian Glacial (OIS 5-2), are characterized using the results of heavy mineral analysis. Weathered local carbonate rocks and fluvial deposits (Wartanian Glacial, OIS 6) are used for comparison. It was found that the content of minerals derived from weathered and redeposited Carpathian Flysch increases from bottom to top of the profile. The entire loess succession accumulated under similar lithodynamic conditions and the palaeosols are of similar character.

15

Geochemical composition of Vistulian loess and micromorphology of interstadial palaeosols at the Kolodiiv site (East Carpathian Foreland, Ukraine

Łącka B., Łanczont M., Madeyska T., Boguckyj A.

Geological Quarterly

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2007

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Vol. 51, No 2

127-146

EN

This paper summarizes geochemical and palaeopedological investigations of the Upper Pleistocene loess-palaeosol sequences at the Kolodiiv site. The Kolodiiv 2, 3 and 5 profiles were selected for this study. The Kolodiiv 2 profile contains loesses, interglacial (Eemian) and interstadial (Vistulian) palaeosols. A set of Early Vistulian soils over lying Eemian gyttja and peat is exposed in the Kolodiiv 3 and 5 profiles. The mineral composition of the 50-2 mm silt fraction was analysed using non-oriented powder samples by means of X-ray dif - fraction. The total concentrations of nine major (Si, Ti, Al, Fe, Mn, Mg, Ca, K and Na) and nine trace elements (Zn, Pb, Ni, Rb, Cr, Sr, Ba, Co, V) as well as the humus content and loss on ignition were measured. The major elements concentrations in mineral deposits from the Kolodiiv 2 loess-palaeosol sequence indicate that the loess particles were derived from poorly weathered source rocks that have under - gone at least one sedimentary cycle. Climatic conditions have strongly in fluenced the mobilization and accumulation of elements in the palaeosol horizons due to the changes in the intensity of weathering and pedogenic processes. For the micromorphological study, ten samples from the Kolodiiv 3 and 5 profiles were used. Thin sections representing the Kolodiiv and Dubno set of palaeosols from Early Vistulian and Middle Pleniglacial show, be sides palaeopedologic characteristics, significant evidence of redeposition of sediments and soils.

16

Evolution of the River Rega valley near Łobez in Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene

Cedro B.

Geochronometria

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2007

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Vol. 28

55-59

EN

The River Rega valley near Łobez was formed by a rapid icesheet degradation. Evolution of valleys of rivers (including the Rega) discharging into the Baltic Sea began in late Plenivistulian; it was then that glacifluvial outwash levels and kame terraces were formed. At that time, the water was flowing southward and further on towards the south-west, in a broad channel. That period was terminated at the turn of Plenivistulian and late Vistulian, when the discharge became directed northwards. The net result was the onset of the formation of the modern Rega valley system, buried chunks of dead ice still in the process of melting. Dead ice melt-down proceeded at the fastest rate during Allerod. It was then that deposits of organic matter were formed, the deposits being most probably remnants of fossil soil. Plant macro-fossils and remains of freshwater malacofauna point to a sporadic occurrence of sediments of a shallow water body which existed on the melt-down site of a huge chunk of dead ice. The thickness of the overlaying mineral cover (up to 6 m) is indicative of a fast sediment accretion rate. Sandy and silty sediments were deposited in synchrony with the dead ice melting. As a result, today’s Rega valley features traces of small melt-water lakes as well as fossil sedimentation basins (underlain by the Allerod organic level), rapidly filled with fluvial and fluviolimnic sediments. Since the Preboreal, the Rega has been flowing along a meandering channel.

17

Late Pleistocene evolution of hydrographical network recorded at geosites in the Middle Neman area (western Belarus)

Pavlovskaya I. E.

Polish Geological Institute Special Papers

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2004

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Vol. 13

167-174

EN

Geosites in the Belarussian part of the Middle Neman area contain a rich information on sedimentary environments and development of hydrographical network within the drainage basin of Neman – one of the largest rivers of central Europe. A study of sediment successions of the best stratigraphically defined sites has revealed the general features of prevailing sedimentary environments existed in the Late Pleistocene. An occurrence of interglacial sediments of lake origin of the Muravian (Eemian) Interglacial together with the absence of synchronous fluvial records has led to the conclusion that no large water stream was developed within the present Neman valley in the Late Pleistocene Interglacial. A basin sedimentation prevailed there since the Muravian Interglacial (lake sedimentation) including the Poozerie (Weichselian) Glaciation (ice-dammed lake sedimentation) till the Late Glacial. The actual Neman watercourse was formed during the final phases of the last glaciation and the Late Glacial.

PL

Geostanowiska położone w białoruskiej części środkowego Niemna zawierają obszerną informację o środowiskach sedymentacyjnych oraz rozwoju sieci hydrograficznej w obrębie zlewni Niemna - jednej z wielkich rzek Europy centralnej. Badania sukcesji sedymentacyjnych w stanowiskach z jednoznaczną pozycją stratygraficzną ujawniły główne cechy środowisk sedymentacyjnych późnego plejstocenu. Rozprzestrzenienie osadów pochodzenia jeziornego z okresu interglacjału murawińskiego (emskiego) oraz brak równowiekowych osadów rzecznych dowodzi, że na miejscu współczesnej doliny Niemna w okresie ostatniego interglacjału plejstocenu nie istniała żadna duża arteria wodna. Sedymentacja zbiornikowa przeważała w rejonie środkowego Niemna od początku interglacjału murawińskiego (sedymentacja jeziorna), w okresie zlodowacenia pojezierskiego (sedymentacja zastoiskowa) do okresu późnego glacjału. Współczesny kierunek przepływu Niemna został ukszałtowany w czasie końcowych faz ostatniego zlodowacenia i w późnym glacjale.

18

Relative sea level changes, glacio-isostatic rebound and shoreline displacement in the Southern Baltic

Uścinowicz Sz.

Polish Geological Institute Special Papers

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2003

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Vol. 10

5-79

EN

The relative sea level curve was developed for the southern Baltic area, based on a set of 314 radiocarbon datings of different terrestrial and marine sediments, collected at 163 sites located in the Polish part of the Southern Baltic and in the adjacent coastal land area. When developing the curve, relicts of various formations related to the shoreline evolution as well as extents of erosional surfaces, determined from seismoacoustic profiles, were taken into account. During Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene, i.e. between 13.0 and 8.5 ka BP, the southern Baltic sea level rose and fell three times, the amplitude of changes extending over 25-27 m. In some extreme cases, the sea level was falling at a rate of up to about 100-300 mm/a, the rate of rise accelerating to about 35-45 mm/a. In the Late Boreal, c. 8.5 ka BP, the Baltic - its water level by about 28 m lower than the present one - became permanently connected with the ocean. Until the onset of the Atlantic, the sea level had risen to about 21 m below the present sea level (b.s.l.). During 8.0-7.0 ka BP, the sea level was rising, at a rate of about 11 mm/a, to reach 10 m b.s.l. Subsequently during the Atlantic, until its end, the sea level rose to 2.5 m b.s.l., the rate of rise slowing down to about 2.5 mm/a. During the first millenium of the Subboreal, the sea level rose to about 1.3-1.1 m b.s.l., to become - on termination of the Subboreal - about 0.6-0.7 m lower than present. During the Subatlantic, the sea level changes were slight only. The glacio-isostatic rebound began c. 17.5 ka BP, to terminate c. 9.2-9.0 ka BP. The total uplift during that time amounted to about 120 m. The maximum uplift rate of about 45 mm/a occurred c. 12.4-12.2 ka BP. Within the period of c. 9.0 to c. 7.0 ka BP, the southern Baltic experienced forebulge migration, a subsequent subsidence ensuing from c. 7.0 to c. 4.0 ka BP. As from c. 4.0 ka BP, the Earth crust in the area regained its equilibrium. In Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene, the southern Baltic shoreline displaced rapidly and substantially several times, the displacement rate ranging from several tens of metres to a few kilometres per year. The displacement processes involved the seafloor surfaces located at present at 25 to 55 m b.s.l., the shoreline migrating over distances of 30-60 km away from the present coastline. In Middle Holocene, the shoreline moved southwards over a distance ranging from about 60 km in the Pomeranian Bay to about 5 km in the Gulf of Gdańsk. The shoreline location approached the present one at the final phase of the Atlantic. Late Holocene was the period when coast levelling processes were prevailing, the shoreline becoming gradually closer and closer to its present setting.

PL

Krzywą względnych zmian poziomu morza skonstruowano na podstawie 314 dat radiowęglowych osadów pochodzących z różnych środowisk lądowych i morskich. Próbki do datowań pobrano z 163 stanowisk zlokalizowanych na obszarze polskiej części południowego Bałtyku i przyległej strefy brzegowej. Przy konstruowaniu krzywej wykorzystano również relikty różnych form związanych z rozwojem strefy brzegowej oraz zasięgi powierzchni erozyjnych, zlokalizowane na profilach sejsmoakustycznych. W późnym plejstocenie i wczesnym holocenie, między 13,0 i 8,5 tys. lat BP, poziom wody trzykrotnie wzrastał i opadał, a zakres wahań dochodził do 25-27 m. Poziom wody obniżał się w skrajnych przypadkach w tempie do ok. 100-300 mm/rok, a tempo wzrostu dochodziło do ok. 35-45 mm/rok. W późnym boreale, ok. 8,5 tys. lat BP, Bałtyk uzyskał stałe połączenie z oceanem na poziomie niższym od obecnego o ok. 28 m. Do początku okresu atlantyckiego poziom morza wzrósł do ok. 21 m poniżej współczesnego poziomu morza (p.p.m.). W okresie 8,0-7,0 tys. lat BP poziom morza wzrósł do 10 m p.p.m., w średnim tempie ok. 10 mm/rok. Do końca okresu atlantyckiego poziom morza wzrósł do 2,5 m p.p.m., a tempo wzrostu zmalało do ok. 2,5 mm/rok. W pierwszym tysiącleciu okresu subborealnego poziom wody wzrósł do ok. 1,1-1,3 m, a do końca tego okresu do ok. 0,6-0,7 m niższego niż współczesny. W okresie subatlantyckim średni poziom morza zmienił się już nieznacznie. Przebudowa glaciizostatyczna rozpoczęła się ok. 17,5 tys. lat BP i zakończyła ok. 9,2-9,0 tys. lat BP. Całkowity zakres podniesienia (total uplift) w tym okresie wyniósł ok. 120 m. Maksimum prędkości ruchów wznoszących, dochodzące od ok. 45 mm/rok, wystąpiło w okresie ok. 12,4-12,2 tys. lat BP. W okresie od ok. 9,0 do ok. 7,0 tys. lat BP przez obszar południowego Bałtyku migrowało nabrzmienie brzeżne, a w okresie od ok. 7,0 do ok. 4,0 tys. lat BP wystąpiły ruchy obniżajace. Od ok. 4,0 tys. lat BP położenie skorupy ziemskiej wróciło do stanu równowagi. Linia brzegowa południowego Bałtyku w późnym plejstocenie i wczesnym holocenie kilkukrotnie uległa szybkim i znacznym przemieszczeniom. Zmieniła położenie w tempie od kilkudziesięciu metrów do kilku kilometrów rocznie. Procesy te rozgrywały się na powierzchni dna morskiego położonej obecnie na głębokości od ok. 55 do 25 m p.p.m. i w odległości 30-60 km od dzisiejszego wybrzeża. W środkowym holocenie linia brzegowa przemieściła się ku południowi od ok. 60 km w Zatoce Pomorskiej do ok. 5 km w Zatoce Gdańskiej. Położenie linii brzegowej zbliżyło się do współczesnego w końcu okresu atlantyckiego. W późnym holocenie dominowały procesy wyrównywania wybrzeży, a linia brzegowa stopniowo zbliżała się do obecnego położenia.

19

Late Pleistocene loess-paleosol and vegetation successions at tarnawce (san river valley, carpathian foothills, Poland)

Komar M., Łanczont M.

Studia Quaternaria

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2002

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Vol. 19

27--36

EN

The Tarnawce 1 profile, which occurs in the marginal eastern part of the Polish Western Carpathians, contains loesses representing three last glacial cycles. In this paper we report the results of pollen analysis of the Eemian -Early Glacial pedocomplex and of the Lower pleni-Vistulian loesses with an interstadial paleosol. The pollen spectra of 22 samples were determined. The pollen diagram was divided into 7 local pollen assemblage zones (L PAZ). Interglacial climatic optimum was recorded with the Eemian type of vegetation in the T-4 zone. The coldest conditions occurred during the accumulation of loess, which separates the interglacial and interstadial soils.

20

Precision and accuracy in the optically stimulated luminescence dating of sedimentary quartz: a status review

Murray A. S., Olley J. M.

Geochronometria

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2002

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Vol. 21

1-16

EN

Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of light-exposed sediments is used increasingly as a mean of establishing a sediment deposition chronology in a wide variety of late Quaternary studies. There has been considerable technological development in the last few years . in instrumentation, in the preferred mineral, and in various measurement protocols. New approaches to the latter, especially with the introduction of the single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol, have given rise to an increasing number of ages in the literature based on the OSL signals from quartz. This paper examines the reliability of these results by reviewing both published and unpublished SAR quartz ages for which some independent age control exists. It first discusses studies of modern (zero age) sediments, and the implications of these results for the importance of incomplete bleaching, especially in water-lain sediments, i.e. sediments for which the initial light exposure is expected to have been insufficient to reduce the apparent dose at deposition to a negligible fraction of the final burial dose. It then compares OSL and independent ages derived from various types of sediments, including aeolian, fluvial/lacustrine, marine and glacio-fluvial/lacustrine. It is concluded that, in general, the ages are accurate, in that there is no evidence for systematic errors over an age range from the last century to at least 350 ka. Nevertheless, the published uncertainties of a small fraction of OSL ages are probably underestimated. We conclude that OSL dating of quartz is a reliable chronological tool; this conclusion is reflected in its growing popularity in Quaternary studies.