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1

Use of remote sensing as an indicator of the urban heat island effect: the case of the municipality of Guelma (north-east of Algeria)

Khallef Boubaker

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2023

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no. 3

61--72

EN

The main objective of this study is to show which of the LST-NDVI and LST-NDBI relationships can determine the most accurate index that can be used as an indicator of the effects of urban heat islands in the municipality of Guelma, using Landsat data. 8 OLI/TIRS and the geographic information system. The application of the calculation formulas made it possible to extract the Land Surface Temperature (LST), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Built up Index (NDBI) of the municipality of Guelma for the four seasons of 2019. This calculation led to the determination of the relationship between all three indicators. The results obtained show a strong correlation between the LST and the NDBI for the four seasons of the year. They suggest that the NDBI is an accurate indicator of the heat island effect in Guelma. This indicator can serve as a tool for future urban planning by those in charge of this department. However, there is currently and urgent need to strengthen strategies for reducing the effects of urban heat islands in order to preserve the quality of urban life of the inhabitants and by setting up emergency programs.

2

Mapping and Assessment of Geological Lineaments with the Contribution of Earth Observation Data: A Case Study of the Zaer Granite Massif, Western Moroccan Meseta

Zoraa Noura, Raji Mohammed, El Hadi Hassan, Maimouni Soufiane, Mhamdi Hicham, Reddad Aicha, Zahour Ghalem, Ait-Yazza Achraf

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 17, no. 5

107--144

EN

The Zaer granitic massif is one of the most important Variscan granitoids in the Central Zone of the Western Moroccan Meseta. It is characterized by a deformation which is manifested by a network of fractures of different scales. Thanks to the technology currently available, many geological studies rely heavily on the mapping of geological lineaments, especially in structural geology. This has become more reliable with access to earth observation data using optical and radar sensors as well as the various remote sensing techniques. Therefore, the objective of this work is to determine the potential of Landsat 8, ASTER, Sentinel 2 and radar Sentinel 1 datasets using the automatic method to extract lineaments. Furthermore, this work focuses on quantitative lineament analysis to determine lineament trends and subsequently compare them with global and regional tectonic movement trends. The lineaments obtained through different satellite images were validated by including the shaded relief maps, the slope map, the correlation with the pre-existing faults in the geological maps as well as the field investigation. Comparison of these results indicates that Sentinel 1 imagery provides a better correlation between automated extraction lineaments and major fault zones. Thus, Sentinel 1 data is more effective in mapping geological lineaments. The final lineament map obtained from the VH and VV polarizations shows two major fault systems, mainly oriented NE-SW and NW-SE to NNW-SSE.

3

Methodology for determining deforestation areas in Lviv region using remote sensing data

Chetverikov Borys, Trevoho Ihor, Babiy Lubov, Malanchuk Mariia

Advances in Geodesy and Geoinformation

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2022

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Vol. 71, no. 1

art. no. e21, 2022

EN

The object of the study is the processing of space images on the territory of the Carpathian territory in the Lviv region, obtained from the Landsat-8 satellite. The work aims to determine the area of deforestation in the Carpathian territory of the Lviv region from different time-space images obtained from the Landsat-8 satellite. Methods of cartography, photogrammetry, aerospace remote sensing of the Earth and GIS technology were used in the experimental research. The work was performed in Erdas Imagine software using the unsupervised image classification module and the DeltaCue difference detection module. The results of the work are classified as three images of Landsat-8 on the territory of the Carpathian territory in the Lviv region. The areas of forest cover for each of them for the period of 2016-2018 have been determined. During the three years, the area of forests has decreased by 14 hectares. Our proposed workflow includes six stages: analysis of input data, band composition of space images on the research territory, implementation of unsupervised classification in Erdas Imagine software and selection of forest class and determination of implementing this workflow, the vector layers of the forest cover of the Carpathians in the Lviv region for 2016, 2017, 2018 were obtained, and on their basis, the corresponding areas were calculated and compared.

4

Geological mapping using extreme gradient boosting and the deep neural networks: application to silet area, central Hoggar, Algeria

Elbegue Abderrahmane Aref, Allek Karim, Zeghouane Hocine

Acta Geophysica

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2022

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Vol. 70, no 4

1581--1599

EN

Nowadays, machine learning algorithms are considered a powerful tool for analyzing big and complex data due to their ability to deliver accurate and fast results. The main objective of the present study is to prove the effectiveness of the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) method as well as employed data types in the Saharan region mapping. To reveal the potential of the XGBoost, we conducted two experiments. The first was to use different combinations of: airborne gamma-ray spectrometry data, airborne magnetic data, Landsat 8 data and digital elevation model. The objective is to train 9 XGBoost models in order to determine each data type sensitivity in capturing the lithological rock classes. The second experiment was to compare the XGBoost to deep neural networks (DNN) to display its potential against other machine learning algorithms. Compared to the existing geological map, the application of XGBoost reveals a great potential for geological mapping as it was able to achieve a correlation score of (78%) where igneous and metamorphic rocks are easily identified compared to sedimentary rocks. In addition, using different data combinations reveals airborne magnetic data utility to discriminate some lithological units. It also reveals the potential of the apparent density, derived from airborne magnetic data, to improve the algorithm’s accuracy up to 20%. Furthermore, the second experiment in this study indicates that the XGBoost is a better choice for the geological mapping task compared to the DNN. The obtained predicted map shows that the XGBoost method provides an efficient tool to update existing geological maps and to edit new geological maps in the region with well outcropped rocks.

5

A comparative study in quantifcation of maize evapotranspiration for Iranian maize farm using SEBAL and METRIC-1 EEFLux algorithms

Kamyab Abolfazl Delavari, Mokhtari Shahroo, Jafarinia Reza

Acta Geophysica

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2022

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Vol. 70, no 1

319--332

EN

Evapotranspiration (ET) is one of the key components of the hydrological cycle, and its accurate estimation is very important in agricultural usages. In this study, actual daily ET (ETa) from the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) and Mapping Evapotranspiration with Internalized Calibration/Earth Engine Evapotranspiration Flux (EEFLux) algorithms were used to compare the relative performance of the algorithms for the Landsat 8 images during the maize growth period. The results indicated that ETa was low at the beginning of the growing season and then came up to the middle of the growing season and then decreased due to decreasing temperature as well as changes in maize cover. The EEFLux algorithm has estimated about 7.71% of daily ET more than the SEBAL algorithm at the Arak maize farm. The results of performance evaluation showed that root mean squared error (RMSE), Nash–Sutclife coefficient of efficiency (NSE), percent bias error (PBIAS), and coefficient of determination (R2 ) criteria were obtained 0.711, 0.807, 7.398, and 0.885, respectively, based on the EEFLux algorithm and for SEBAL algorithm were equal to 1.046, 0.582, 15.080, and 0.793, respectively. According to the Taylor diagrams and observed data (lysimeter data), the EEFLux algorithm was closer to measured ETa values and had a higher correlation and a less standard deviation than the SEBAL algorithm. Therefore, the EEFLux algorithm had better estimation than the SEBAL algorithm.

6

A study of the climate and human impact on the future survival of the Al-Sannya marsh in Iraq

Hatem Amal Jabbar, Al-Jasim Ali Adnan N., Abduljabbar Hameed Majeed

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2021

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no. 51

168--173

EN

The marshes are the most abundant water sources and ecological rich communities. They have a significant impact on the ecological and economic well-being of the communities surrounding them. However, climatic changes directly impact these bodies of water, especially those marshes which depend on rainwater and flooding for their survival. The Al-Sannya marsh is used as the example of marshes in Southern Iraq for this study between 1987-2017. The research takes place throughout the winter season due to the revival of marshes in southern Iraq at this time of year. The years 1987, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2007, 2014, 2017 are the focus of this study. Satellite imagery from the Landsat 5 (TM) and Landsat 8 (OLI) and the meteorological parameters affecting the marsh were acquired from NASA. The calculation of the areas of water bodies after classification using satellite imagery is done using the maximum likelihood method and comparing it with meteorological parameters. These results showed that these marshes are facing extinction due to the general change of climate and the interference of humans in utilising the drylands of the marsh for agricultural purposes. The vegetation area can be seen to have decreased from 51.15 km2 in 2000 to 8.77 km2 in 2017.

7

Comparison of Land Surface Temperature Before, During and After the Covid‑19 Lockdown Using Landsat Imagery: A Case Study of Casablanca City, Morocco

Taoufik Meryem, Laghlimi Meriem, Fekri Ahmed

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 15, no. 2

105--120

EN

Land Surface Temperature (LST) is an important variable within global cli mate change. With the appearance of remote sensing techniques and advanced GIS software, it is now possible to estimate LST. In this study, the effect of lock-down during COVID-19 on the LST was assessed using Landsat 8 Imagery. LST dynamic was investigated for three different periods: Before, during and after the COVID-19 lockdown. The study was conducted in Casablanca City. The results showed that during the emergence of COVID-19 with lock down policy applied, the LST decreases remarkably compared to the previous 4-years’ average LST. After the easing of restrictions, the LST increased to exceed the previous 4-year mean LST. Furthermore, throughout all studied periods, the LST recorded its higher values in industrial zones and areas with high urban density and urban transportation, which indicates the conspicuous impact of anthropogenic activities on the LST variation. These findings indicate an ability to assess the feasibility of planned lockdowns intended as a potential preventive mechanism to reduce LST peaks and the loss of air quality in metropolitan environments in the future.

8

Accessibility and usability of Landsat 8 data for the purpose of satellite-drived bathymetry of the South Baltic near-shore waters on the example of Gulf of Gdańsk

Zwolak Karolina, Marchel Łukasz, Skóra Marcin, Przybysz Radosław, Jóźwiak Rafał, Tomaszewska Kinga

Scientific Journal of Polish Naval Academy

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2020

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R. 61 nr 1-2 (220/221)

29--46

EN

The paper presents the analysis of accessibility and usability of Landsat 8 Satellite Imagery for the purpose of Satellite Derived Bathymetry (SGB) products generation of the area of near-shore waters of the Polish coast. General assumptions of the SDB, Landsat program and factors affecting the products generation process have been described in details. Examples of SDB results, generated using both GIS software and Matlab, are presented on the example of chosen areas of Gulf of Gdańsk. The advantages and disadvantages of the SDB method are presented in the discussion and conclusion part with the proposed directions for the future works.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono analizę dostępności i użyteczności zdjęć satelitarnych Landsat 8 na potrzeby generacji produktów batymetrii satelitarnej obszaru wód przybrzeżnych polskiego wybrzeża. Ogólne założenia SDB, programu Landsat i czynniki wpływające na proces wytwarzania produktów zostały szczegółowo opisane. Przykłady wyników SDB, wygenerowanych przy użyciu zarówno oprogramowania GIS, jak i Matlaba, przedstawiono na przykładzie wybranych akwenów Zatoki Gdańskiej. Zalety i wady metody oraz proponowane kierunki przyszłych prac przedstawiono w części podsumowującej.

9

Automated decryption of bodies of water on the basis of LANDSAT-8 satellite images with reference to controlled classification

Palamar Mykhaylo

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2020

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R. 96, nr 11

115--118

EN

An operative method of automated decryption of Landsat-8 satellite images allowing for detection of water bodies is created. Application of the developed method allows for the detection of water bodies more than 30 m in size and specifies the obtained masks of water bodies significantly.

PL

Przedstawiono metodę automatycznego odszyfrowywania zdjęć satelitarnych Landsat-8 umożliwiającą wykrywanie części wód. Zastosowanie opracowanej metody pozwala na wykrycie zbiorników wodnych większych niż 30 m.

10

Characterization and Estimation of Dates Palm Trees in an Urban Area Using GIS-Based Least-Squares Model and Minimum Noise Fraction Images

Shareef Muntadher Aidi, Hasan Sumaya Falih

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 6

78--85

EN

Date palm is the major food source and possesses an important role in the economic aspects, environmental parts, and society. These crops were subjected to degradation due to the financial and numerous military conflicts. Because of the expensive cost of monitoring and managing date palm in field measurements, and limited studies using satellite images, the authors proposed a method to estimate and map date palm using the Landsat-8 satellite images. The authors applied the least-squares multiple regression and GIS techniques to find suitable predictors from the set of variables such as original bands of Landsat-8, Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) transformation, tasseled cap component transformation, and spectral index. In order to validate the proposed method, the field measurement data were utilized to assess the estimated date palm from the Landsat-8 images. A linear combination of MNF Landsat-8 band 4 (red, 0.636–0.673 µm), Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) were the best date palm predictor (R2adj= 0.988, root-mean-squared error (RMSE) = 0.013). The results demonstrate that the MNF Landsat-8 images in the least square regression help improve the date palm estimation and mapping for the practical use in the study area with high accuracy.

11

Application of satellite remote sensing methods in mineral prospecting in Kosovo, area of Selac

Lupa Michał, Adamek Katarzyna, Leśniak Andrzej, Pršek Jaroslav

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi

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2020

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T. 36, z. 1

5--22

EN

Traditional methods of mineral exploration are mainly based on very expensive drilling and seismic methods. The proposed approach assumes the preliminary recognition of prospecting areas using satellite remote sensing methods. Maps of mineral groups created using Landsat 8 images can narrow the search area, thereby reducing the costs of geological exploration during mineral prospecting. This study focuses on the identification of mineralized zones located in the southeastern part of Europe (Kosovo, area of Selac) where hydrothermal mineralization and alterations can be found. The article describes all the stages of research, from collecting in-situ rock samples, obtaining spectral characteristics with laboratory measurements, preprocessing and analysis of satellite images, to the validation of results through field reconnaissance in detail. The authors introduce a curve-index fitting technique to determine the degree of similarity of a rock sample to a given pixel of satellite imagery. A comparison of the reflectance of rock samples against surface reflectance obtained from satellite images allows the places where the related type of rock can be found to be determined. Finally, the results were compared with geological and mineral maps to confirm the effectiveness of the method. It was shown that the free multispectral data obtained by the Landsat 8 satellite, even with a resolution of 30 meters, can be considered as a valuable source of information that helps narrow down the exploration areas.

PL

Tradycyjne metody poszukiwania surowców mineralnych opierają się głównie na bardzo kosztownych metodach, takich jak wiercenia oraz metody sejsmiczne. Proponowane przez autorów podejście zakłada wstępne rozpoznanie obszarów perspektywicznych z wykorzystaniem metod teledetekcji satelitarnej. Mapy grup minerałów stworzone przy użyciu zobrazowań dostarczonych przez satelitę Landsat 8 mogą zawęzić obszar poszukiwań, a przez to doprowadzić do redukcji kosztów rozpoznania geologicznego podczas poszukiwania surowców mineralnych. Niniejsze badanie skupia się na identyfikacji stref zmineralizowanych znajdujących się w południowo-wschodniej Europie (Kosowo, rejon Selac) gdzie znajdują się mineralizacje hydrotermalne oraz strefy alteracji. Artykuł opisuje szczegółowo wszystkie etapy badań, od pozyskania próbek terenowych, badań laboratoryjnych mających na celu pozyskanie charakterystyk spektralnych, przez wstępne przetwarzanie oraz analizę zobrazowań satelitarnych do walidacji wyników poprzez rozpoznanie terenowe. Autorzy przedstawili technikę wykorzystującą wskaźnik dopasowania krzywej pozwalający na określenie stopnia podobieństwa próbki do piksela zobrazowania satelitarnego. Porównanie współczynnika odbicia dla próbek względem współczynnika odbicia zarejestrowanego przez satelitę pozwala na określenie miejsc, gdzie mogą występować określone typy skał. W celu określenia skuteczności metody wyniki zostały porównane z mapami geologicznymi. Wykazano, że darmowe dane multispektralne dostarczone przez satelitę Landsat 8, nawet z rozdzielczością 30 m, mogą stanowić cenne źródło informacji, które pozwala na zawężenie obszaru poszukiwań.

12

Processing and Analysis of ASTER and Landsat 8 Scenes to Aid in Geological Mapping: A Case Study of Murchison Greenstone Belt Area, South Africa

Thomas Abraham

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 14, no. 3

107--123

EN

This paper presents processing and analysis results of ASTER and Landsat 8 scenes to aid in geological mapping of Murchison Greenstone Belt region of Limpopo Province, South Africa. Images of ASTER acquired in 2005 and 2006 and Landsat 8 acquired in 2019 were downloaded and subset covering 5 mapping sheets was extracted. Images of different band ratios and band combinations were experimented using ENVI and SNAP software to identify suitable band/band ratio combinations to produce FCCs that enabled discrimination of lithology, structural features, lineaments, alteration and iron oxides, land/ water, surface features, vegetation cover and healthy vegetation etc. Using DEM data, slope and shaded relief were also prepared that enabled the identification of the extent of protruded outcrops, some structural features and lineaments using different FCC displays. These datasets prepared in ENVI file format were later exported to GeoTiff/Imagine file for display in ArcMap by the mapping geologists. FCCs made in various band combinations, ratio combination and also with slope are useful in discriminating geology, structural features and protruded outcrops including dykes that are not so visible in a true colour image of the same resolution. This study could illustrate the usefulness of remote sensing analysis to aid in geological mapping using freely available ASTER and Landsat 8 data.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki przetwarzania i analizy obrazów zarejestrowanych przez satelity ASTER oraz Landsat 8. Czynności te wykonane zostały w celu sporządzenia mapy geologicznej dla regionu Murchison Greenstone Belt w prowincji Limpopo, w Afryce Południowej. Zdjęcia wykonane przez ASTER pochodzą z lat 2005 i 2006, natomiast te zarejestrowane przez Landsat 8 z 2019 roku. Analizowane zdjęcia zostały tak dobrane, aby obejmowały obszar odpowiadający pięciu arkuszom mapy geologicznej. Eksperymentowano z wykorzystaniem oprogramowania ENVI i SNAP w celu stworzenia obrazów, które byłyby pomocne w zidentyfikowaniu makroskopowych cech skał, ich struktury, linii nieciągłości, przeobrażeń minerałów i tlenku żelaza, linii pomiędzy lądem i wodą, cech powierzchni, pokrycia roślinnością, wegetacji roślin etc. Korzystając z danych DEM, przygotowano obrazy przedstawiające rzeźbę terenu, które pozwoliły na określenie wysokości terenu, niektórych cech strukturalnych i linii szkieletowych. Wszystkie obrazy zostały później wyeksportowane do plików w formatach GeoTiff i Imagine w celu wyświetlenia ich w ArcMap. Obrazy te okazały się przydatne w rozróżnianiu cech geologicznych i konstrukcyjnych oraz wysokości obiektów, w tym wałów, które nie są dobrze widoczne na obrazach w naturalnych kolorach. Badanie to potwierdza przydatność analizy teledetekcyjnej w tworzeniu map geologicznych z wykorzystaniem swobodnie dostępnych danych z satelitów ASTER i Landsat 8.

13

Automatic detection of dominant crop types in Poland based on satellite images

Pluto-Kossakowska Joanna, Pilarska Magdalena, Bartkowiak Paulina

Artificial Satellites : Journal of Planetary Geodesy

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2020

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Vol. 55, No. 4

185--208

EN

The assumption of the European Union Common Agricultural Policy is to maintain good agricultural practices for sustainability in the environment. A number of requirements are imposed on farmers, including the maintenance of permanent grassland, fallow land or crop diversification. To meet these requirements, the European Union guarantees subsidies, but at the same time fields must be monitored focusing on crop identification. The limitation of field inspection and substituting it with crop recognition using satellite images could increase the effectiveness of this procedure. The application of satellite imagery in automatic detection and identification of dominant crops over a large area seems to be technically and economically sound. The paper discusses the concept and the results of automatic classification based on a Random Forests classifier performed on multitemporal images of Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8. A test site was established in a complex agricultural structure with long and narrow parcels in the south-eastern part of Poland. Time-series images acquired during the growing season 2016 were used for multispectral classification in different configurations: for Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 separately and for both sensors integrated. Different Random Forests approaches and post-processing methods were examined based on independent data from farmers’ declarations records, reaching the best accuracy of over 90% for crops like winter or spring cereals. Overall accuracy of the classification ranged from 72% to 91% depending on the classification variant. The elaborated scheme is novel in the context of Polish complex agricultural structure and smallholders.

14

Zmienność wskaźników NDVI oraz NDMI na przykładzie analizy uprawy kukurydzy w Etiopii

Nasiłowska S., Kubiak K.

Teledetekcja Środowiska

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2016

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T. 55

15--26

PL

Celem pracy jest analiza zmian kondycji uprawy kukurydzy na przestrzeni trzech lat, z zastosowaniem danych satelitarnych Landsat-8. Wykorzystano tu obrazy prezentujące rozkład przestrzenny dwóch wskaźników teledetekcyjnych: NDVI oraz NDMI. Pierwszy pozwala badać wielkość biomasy a tym samym potencjalny plon upraw. Drugi natomiast wrażliwy jest na zawartość wody w strukturach komórkowych roślin, co pozwala na detekcję stresu wodnego. Przebadano zróżnicowanie przestrzenne i zmienność tych dwóch wskaźników od 2014 do 2016 roku. Obliczono średnią i odchylenie standardowe dla uprawy oraz wydzielonych w niej 4 stref. Przeanalizowano również zmienność wskaźników na podstawie opracowanych map uprawy. Analiza przedstawiona w pracy jest konkretnym przykładem zastosowania średniorozdzielczych scen Landsat do monitoringu upraw, a tym samym tzw. precyzyjnego rolnictwa, gotowym do zaaplikowania na platformie COMOZ tworzonej w Instytucie Lotnictwa. Statystyki wskazują na konkretne daty kiedy kondycja upraw była najlepsza a kiedy najgorsza. Mapowanie zjawiska pozwala na śledzenie trendów w czasie i przestrzeni. Dodatkowo interpretacja wizualna i pośrednie cechy interpretacyjne obrazu mogą wskazywać na prowadzone na miejscu zabiegi hydrotechniczne.

EN

The aim of the study was to analyze changes in the condition of maize over three years, using satellite data Landsat-8. Spatial distribution and statistics of two remote sensing indices: NDVI and NDMI were shown. First of mentioned allows biomass estimation and thus potential crop yield. The second one is sensitive to water content of the plant cell structure, which allows for the detection of water stress. In the study spatial heterogeneity and variability of these two indicators from 2014 until 2016 were presented. The mean and standard deviation for 4 separated region of interests were calculated. Spatial variability of indices based on developed crops maps were also analyzed The analysis presented in this work is a concrete example of the application of medium-resolution Landsat scenes for monitoring crops and thus the so-called precision farming, ready to implement in COMOZ platform developed in Institute of Aviation. Statistics indicate a specific date when the condition of the crop was the best and when the worst. Mapping the phenomenon allows to track trends over time and space. In addition, the visual interpretation of indirect features of the image can indicate on the agricultural treatments characterization.

15

Determination of Geological Linear Structures of the Low Beskids – Assessment of Suitability of Landsat 8 Satellite Images and Products of the Image Processing

Kopciowski K., Pirowski T.

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 9, no. 4

57--71

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki wielowariantowego, fotointepretacyjnego wyznaczania liniowych struktur geologicznych, tzw. lineamentów, na obszarze Beskidu Niskiego z wykorzystaniem danych satelitarnych Landsat 8. Z uwagi na rozwój systemów obrazowania Ziemi oraz poszerzenie technicznych możliwości wzmacniania treści zobrazowań konieczna jest ponowna ocena przydatności metod wyznaczania lineamentów na obrazach satelitarnych. Oba wymienione czynniki mogą zwiększyć możliwości interpretacji wizualnej danych. W artykule podjęto próbę oceny, czy (a jeśli tak, to które) wybrane techniki wzmacniania obrazowania pozwalają zwiększyć ilość wydzieleń lineamentów, precyzyjniej wykryć ich przebieg, a ich wiarygodność potwierdzić na istniejących najnowszych opracowaniach geologicznych. We wprowadzeniu wyjaśniono problematykę lineamentów i kontrowersje z nimi związane. W skrócie przedstawiono fotointerpretację geologiczną w aspekcie litologii i tektoniki oraz opisano obszar badań pod kątem fotomorficznym i geologicznym. W części badawczej przygotowano zestawy zobrazowań służących do fotointerpretacji geologicznej. Wykonano takie operacje na danych Landsat, jak: progowanie, kwantyzacja, filtracje, selekcja kompozycji barwnych (wybrano KB 123, KB 234, KB 247 – numeracja wg kanałów systemów Landsat 5 i 7) oraz wagowanie międzykanałowe. Wyznaczono przebieg lineamentów niezależnie na każdym z zestawów danych. Przeprowadzono weryfikację wyznaczonych liniowych cech powierzchni terenu, opierając się na aktualnej wiedzy geologicznej zawartej w szczegółowych opracowaniach. Bazując na uzyskanych wynikach, opracowano autorską metodę oceny wiążącą uzyskane parametry ilościowe i jakościowe wydzieleń oraz łatwość pracy interpretatora. W ten sposób uzyskano ranking metod wzmacniania treści obrazów pod kątem ich przydatności w interpretacji geologicznej. Za najlepszy, komplementarny zestaw materiałów interpretacyjnych uznano wyniki wagowania międzykanałowego przedstawionego w formie kompozycji barwnej B: 2/4, G: 2/5, R: 3/5, KB 247 oraz kwantyzację kanału bliskiej podczerwieni.

EN

The paper presents the results of validity of multi-dimensional photointerpretation assignation of linear geological structures, the so-called lineaments on the area of the Low Beskids on the basis of Landsat 8 satellite data. The methods of lineament determination on satellite images requires the re-evaluation of their suitability, due to the development of Earth image systems and the wider variety of technical possibilities to strengthen the content images. Both of these indicators may potentially influence the improvement of visual data interpretation. This paper raises an attempt to assess if, and if it is correct, which of the selected strengthening techniques of image make it possible to increase the number of lineament assignations, able to detect their progress more precisely and confirm their credibility in current geological studies. The introduction contains an explanation of lineaments and controversies which are related to them. It contains a brief presentation of geological photointerpretation in the aspect of lithology and tectonics and a description of the research area in terms of photomorphics and geology. The research part sets images which are used for geological photointerpretation. The following operations were conducted with the Landsat data: thresholds, quantization, filtration, selection of the coloured compositions (KB 123, KB 234, KB 247 were selected – numbering according to Landsat 5 and 7 channels systems) as well as inter-channel weighting. The course of the lineaments was determined independently on each of the datasets. Linear features of the surface were verified on the basis of current geological knowledge included in the detailed studies. On the basis of these results, the original evaluation method was prepared which connects the obtained quantitative and qualitative parameters of assignations and the ease of interpretation. The ranking of the methods which strengthen the content images in terms of their suitability in the geological interpretation was established. The results of inter-channel weighting were acknowledged as the best complementary set of interpretative materials and were presented in the form of B coloured composition: 2/4, G: 2/5, R: 3/5, KB 247 and quantization of the close infrared channel.