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1

Use of remote sensing as an indicator of the urban heat island effect: the case of the municipality of Guelma (north-east of Algeria)

Khallef Boubaker

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2023

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no. 3

61--72

EN

The main objective of this study is to show which of the LST-NDVI and LST-NDBI relationships can determine the most accurate index that can be used as an indicator of the effects of urban heat islands in the municipality of Guelma, using Landsat data. 8 OLI/TIRS and the geographic information system. The application of the calculation formulas made it possible to extract the Land Surface Temperature (LST), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Built up Index (NDBI) of the municipality of Guelma for the four seasons of 2019. This calculation led to the determination of the relationship between all three indicators. The results obtained show a strong correlation between the LST and the NDBI for the four seasons of the year. They suggest that the NDBI is an accurate indicator of the heat island effect in Guelma. This indicator can serve as a tool for future urban planning by those in charge of this department. However, there is currently and urgent need to strengthen strategies for reducing the effects of urban heat islands in order to preserve the quality of urban life of the inhabitants and by setting up emergency programs.

2

Determining the influence of population density on the land surface temperature based on remote sensing data and GIS techniques: application to Prizren, Kosovo

Dushi Mimoza, Berila Albert

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2022

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Vol. 31, No. 1

47--62

EN

The whole study was conducted for the Municipality of Prizren and aims to to determine the effect that the population density has on land surface temperature (LST). All this was achieved through the connection of land surface temperature (LST) and population density. The free Landsat 8 satellite image downloaded from the United States Geological Survey website was used and then processed using GIS and remote sensing techniques. To understand the relationship between population density and LST, we performed a regression analysis. This analysis showed a strong positive relationship with a value of r = 0.8206, emphasizing the important role that the population has in creating empowering areas that generate surface urban heat island (SUHI) effect. The results of the study clearly showed that in the northern, central, and western parts there are pixels with high LST values. This presentation corresponds with the population density, which means that it is precisely the actions of the population that help generate, display, and strengthen the harmful effect of the SUHI. The map with areas of high LST pixels are of great importance to the policymakers and urban planners of Prizren so that they can orient themselves in these areas and take all actions necessary to minimize this harmful effect which is worrying citizens. If it continues with unplanned development, the peripheral parts of Prizren are seriously endangered by the damage of the spaces which offer protection (green spaces) from the SUHI phenomenon.

3

Thermal stress and urban heat island effect in Jorhat urban environment as a result of changing land use and land cover

Neog Rituraj, Hazarika Jiten

Acta Geophysica

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2022

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Vol. 70, no 6

2771--2783

EN

The objective of the study is to determine the impact of land use and land cover (LULC) change on land surface temperature (LST) and thermal stress at Jorhat from 2009 to 2021. The experiment used Landsat TM (Thematic Mapper) for 2009 and OLI (Operational Land Imager)/TIRS (Thermal Infrared Sensor) for 2021 from earth.explorer.usgs.gov. Landsat data were employed to calculate the LST and LULC changes. Utilizing UTFVI (urban thermal field variance index), thermal stress over the ground surface has been computed. Thermal discomfort is computed simultaneously using the relative strain index (RSI) and net effective temperature (NET) index. Jorhat evidenced significant rise in built-up land to 281.25 hectares with reduced vegetation cover of 480.96 hectares from 2009 to 2021. These modifications caused significant rises in LST of 4.28 °C, 2.33 °C and 3.01 °C in September, October and December from 2009 to 2021. According to UTFVI from 2009 to 2021, Jorhat experienced declining ecologically excellent area with a rising proportion of ecologically worse land. In September and October 2009, the Jorhat city had just 10 days of bioclimatic discomfort and 19 days of bioclimatic comfort, as opposed to 24 and 10 days in 2021, respectively. Similarly, NET estimated 21 very hot days in October 2021, as opposed to just 9 days in 2009. Compared to 2009, there are now 6 and 4 days in December 2021 that are classified as warm or slightly hot, respectively. This leads to the conclusion that Jorhat's thermal condition is significantly impacted by changes in land use and land cover.

4

Analyzing dynamic behavior of land use and land surface temperature in the city of Imphal, India

Neog Rituraj

Acta Geophysica

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2021

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Vol. 69, no. 6

2275--2290

EN

The study has been conducted over the Imphal city using multi-temporal satellite imageries. The study investigated the pattern land surface temperature (LST) development over the hill city of Imphal and its relation to land use pattern and population density. The result revealed an ascending growth of LST as a consequence of population growth and rapid land use dynamics. The Imphal city exhibited a remarkable change in the land use structure, especially in the built-up land, vegetation and crop land. Addition of built-up land of 667.44 hectares in the city territory has consequently upsurged the mean LST of the city from 23.23 °C to 30.30 °C in summer and 14.74–18.10 °C in winter during the period of 26 years (1994–2020). Summer season witnessed a consistently increasing intensity of LST in the city whereas winter depicted a completely opposite scenario during 1994–2020. Among all the land use classes, built-up land expressed maximum LST dynamics in both seasons during the period 1994 to 2020. The high positive correlation coefficient between built-up land with LST and strong negative correlation between vegetation cover and LST paved the way for maximum LST development in the city province.

5

When the heat is on: urbanization and land surface temperature in Guwahati, India

Chetia Sourav, Saikia Anup, Basumatary Manjil, Sahariah Dhrubajyoti

Acta Geophysica

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2020

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Vol. 68, no. 3

891--901

EN

The study examines the efects of urbanization on land surface temperature (LST) in Guwahati, a city in India using satellite data. Landsat images were utilized for LST retrieval, land-use land-cover (LULC) classifcation and the normalized diference built-up index mapping. Surface Energy Balance Algorithms for Land and support vector machine methods were used in the study. Results showed that the city has gone through massive changes in its LULC pattern with a high degree of urbanization during the period 1992–2015. The built-up area (BUA) increased to 87.8 km2 in 2015 from 11.6 km2 in 1992 while vegetation decreased from 143.3 to 76.6 km2 . Open spaces and water bodies decreased from 14.5 to 5 km2 and to 6.6 km2 from 6.7 km2 , respectively. Conversely, an increasing trend of LST was observed. The mean LST which was 18.5 °C in 1992 rose to 29.03 °C in 2015. Linear regression used in quantifying the relationship between urbanization and LST showed a positive relationship between LST and BUAs in the city.

6

Monitoring the change in land surface temperature and urban areas using Satellite images. Case study Kafr El-Sheikh City – Egypt

Zeidan Zaki M., Beshr Ashraf A. A., Soliman Sanaa S.

Geodesy and Cartography

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2019

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Vol. 68, no. 2

389--404

EN

In recent years, the rate of urban growth has increased rapidly especially in Egypt, due to the increase in population growth. The Egyptian government has set up new cities and established large factories, roads and bridges in new places to solve this trouble. This paper investigates the change monitoring of land surface temperature, urban and agricultural area in Egypt especially Kafr EL-Sheikh city as case study using high resolution satellite images. Nowadays, satellite images are playing an important role in detecting the change of urban growth. In this paper, cadastral map for Kafr El-Sheikh city with scale 1:5000, images from Landsat 7 with accuracy 30 meters; images from Google Earth with accuracy 0.5 meter; and images from SAS Planet with accuracy 0.5 m are used where all images are available during the study period (for year’s 2003, 2006, 2009, 2012, 2015 and 2017). The analysis has been performed in a platform of Geographical Information System (GIS) configured with Remote Sensing system using ArcGIS 10.3 and ERDAS Imagine image processing software. From the processing and analysis of the specified images during the studied time period, it is found that the building area was increased by 28.8% from year 2003 up to 2017 from Google Earth images and increased by percentage 34.4% from year 2003 up to year 2017 from supervised Landsat 7 images but for unsupervised Landsat 7 images, the building area was increased by percentage 35.9%. In this study, land surface temperature (LST) was measured also from satellite images for different years through 2003 until 2017. It is deduced that the increase in the building area (urban growth) in the specified city led to increase the land surface temperature (LST) which will affect some agricultural crops. Depending on the results of images analysis, Forecasting models using different algorithms for the urban and agricultural area was built. Finally, it is deduced that integration of spacebased remote sensing technology with GIS tools provide better platform to perform such activities.

7

Evaluation of tribological properties of laser textured hardened tool steels

Šugárová J., Frnčík M., Necpal M., Moravčíková J., Kusý M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Mechanika

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2016

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z. 88 [293], nr 3

233--245

EN

In this paper the laser surface texturing (LST) technology as one of the methods of tribological properties modifying of mating steel surfaces is analysed. The area density of dimple-like depression along with the dimple diameter are the only main factors which significantly influence the friction coefficient value, therefore the effect of different values of area density of dimples: 6 %, 11 % and 16 % on the contact coefficient of friction was analysed. Surface textures were manufactured on the planar areas of compression platens (90MnCrV8 tool steel) using a pulsed-beam laser. The values of coefficients of friction were obtained via a ring compression test. Test sample compression was realized in lubrication-free and hydrodynamic regime. A significant improvement of tribological properties in contact steel areas was experimentally observed in both friction regimes. The results of experiments showed that by applying of surface texturing with defined shape and dimensions of dimples and lubricating oil at the same time, the coefficient of friction value can be reduced to about of 75%.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono analizę technologii laserowego teksturowania powierzchni (LTP) jako jedną z metod modyfikacji właściwości tribologicznych współpracujących powierzchni stalowych. Podstawowy szyk tekstury powierzchni składa się z wgłębień o zakrzywionym dnie, które są umieszczone w narożach sześciokąta foremnego. Dodatkowo jedno zagłębienie jest umieszczone w środku szyku. Parametry zagłębień są następujące: średnica 100±5 μm, głębokość 11 μm, stosunek głębokości do średnicy 0,11. Gęstość powierzchniowa wgłębień oraz średnica wgłębienia są głównymi czynnikami, które w sposób istotny wpływają na wyjściową wartość współczynnik tarcia, dlatego analizowano wpływ różnych wartości gęstości powierzchniowej wgłębień, tj. 6%, 11% i 16% na wartość kontaktowego współczynnika tarcia. Tekstury powierzchni zostały utworzone na płaskich powierzchniach płyt dociskowych (stal narzędziowa 90MnCrV8) za pomocą wiązki pulsacyjnej lasera. Wartości współczynników tarcia otrzymano za pomocą testu ściskania pierścienia. Próbki do badań ze stali węglowej S235JRG1 były ściskane osiowo pomiędzy parą teksturowanych płyt dociskowych. Ściskanie badanej próbki zostało zrealizowane w warunkach braku smarowania oraz smarowania hydrodynamicznego. Wyniki doświadczalne wykazały, że przez zastosowanie teksturowania powierzchni o określonym kształcie i wymiarach wgłębień oraz ciekłego smaru, wartość współczynnika tarcia może być zmniejszona prawie o 75%.

8

Linear swelling test (LST) of clay formation under the influence of newly developed drilling fluids with the addition of cationic polymers

Wysocki S., Wiśniowski R., Ryznar D., Gaczoł M.

AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas

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2015

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Vol. 32, no. 4

693--701

EN

This paper shows research of Linear Swelling Test (LST) of shale rocks under the influence of three drilling muds with different cationic polymers. Tested polymers have been synthetized at the Drilling, Oil and Gas Faculty of AGH UST Krakow. Research findings indicate that synthesized polymers as well as developed on its base drilling fluids effectively inhibit hydration and prevent the disintegration of clay formation.

9

Struktury eksploatacyjne lotniczych systemów transportowych

Olearczuk E.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Technicznego Wojsk Lotniczych. Technika Lotnicza

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1999

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nr 8

3-110

PL

Scharakteryzowano lotniczy system transportowy (LST) i problemy badawcze jego powstawania oraz istnienia, w szczególności zagadnienia kreowania i identyfikowania struktur LST. Przedstawiono studium stanu badań i na tym tle sformułowano problemy rozwoju tzw. struktur eksploatacyjnych. Opisano formalnie struktury użytkowe, obsługowe, potokowe i hierarchiczne. Opracowano i zinterpretowano modele LST działające w cyklach funkcjonalnych, proceduralnych i egzystencjalnych. Przedstawiono wnioski i uwagi o dalszych badaniach LST. W załączonym dodatku zaprezentowano przykład badania wybranych struktur LST.