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EN
The paper presents new approach to characterizing low-carbon multiphase steels structure by means of concurrent application of optical and scanning electron microscopy with the emphasis on the latter one. Limitations of optical microscopy in material structure analysis, and the possibilities of information interchange between both methods have been discussed. The microstructure characterization is mostly based on the results obtained by means of scanning electron microscopy with wide application of EBSD method. As part of the work, fundamental constituents of multiphase steels structure with particular focus on consideration of the possibility of influencing their morphological features during thermal treatment have been systematized and described. Referring to the sheets of TRIP 700 and DP 600 steel, a capability of combining the FEG SEM analysis with EBSD method to characterize their structure was presented. EBSD method enables not only distinction of phases of various crystalline structure. Owing to analysis of parameters such as IQ, FIT, CI, KAM and misorientation angle, it is possible to differentiate constituents having different crystal structure. The method of IQ distribution curve deconvolution allows estimation of the fraction of structure constituents representing the same crystal structure. Existence of characteristic ranges of misorientation angles for selected structure constituents was proven.
EN
Rapid prototyping (RP) consists of a family of unique fabrication processes developed to make engineering prototypes in minimum possible lead times based on a computer-aided design (CAD) model of the item. The traditional method of fabricating a prototype part is machining, which can require significant lead times - up to several weeks, sometimes longer, depending on part complexity and difficulty in ordering materials. A number of rapid prototyping techniques are available that allow a part to be produced in hours or days rather than weeks, given that a computer model of the part has been generated on a CAD system. Special attention was payed to the LOM method. The essence of this method has been described. Applications of rapid prototyping have been classified into three categories. Sources of inaccuracy of parts made by RP methods have been considered at the end of paper.
PL
Rapid prototyping (RP) jest rodziną unikatowych procesów służących do wytwarzania prototypów inżynierskich w możliwie najkrótszym czasie na podstawie modelu CAD. Tradycyjną metodą wytwarzania prototypów jest obróbka skrawaniem, która wymaga znaczącego nakładu czasu - do kilku tygodni, a czasami dłuższego, zależnie od złożoności części i trudności w zaopatrzeniu w materiał. Wiele dostępnych technik rapid prototyping pozwala na wytworzenie części w ciągu kilku godzin, gdy model części jest zapisany w systemie CAD. Zwrócono uwagę na metodę LOM, opisano jej istotę. Podano klasyfikację zastosowań RP, wyróżniono trzy kategorie. W końcowej części omówiono źródła niedokładności typowe dla metod rapid prototyping.
EN
In Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) sheets of different materials are applied. In majority cases the sheets of paper are used, however in case of Rapid Tooling or Rapid Manufacturing processes the product can be built by using sheets of steel. In presented investigations the product has been divided for layers (individual sheets of steel). In each sheet the slot using Water Jet Abrasive Machine Tool has been done. Then the steel sheets with slots have been connected one to each other using special glue. As a result the sculptured cavity has been created. The finishing machining of this sculptured cavity has been carried out on 3-axis milling centre. This way of manufacturing has been applied and checked for tools production for some forming processes. In the paper at first the process of tool rapid production using steel sheets will be described. Then the result of experimental tests with above mentioned steel sheet tools will be presented and discussed.
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