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EN
Theintensification of disastrous landslide movements in southern Poland occurring at the end of the 20th century, showed that there was a need to create a unified system of acquiring and collecting landslide data. It also indicated the importance of raising awareness of the existence of landslide hazard for both residents and public administration (decision-makers). This was also the reason for launching a nationwide project, the Landslide Counteracting System (LCS; SOPO in Polish). This system is a platform for acquiring and processing information about mass movements in order to support mainly for government and local administration. The main goal of the project is to reduce the landslide riskin Poland,and to limit damages caused by the development of landslides.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono metodę obliczania miar ruchu dla inteligentnej analizy wideo. Obliczane są cztery miary: dwukierunkowa długość-łuku, kierunek-w-przód, kierunek-wstecz oraz krawędzie segmentów-ruchu. Wszystkie miary bazują na mapie przepływu obliczonej przy użyciu algorytmu przepływu optycznego. Segmenty-ruchu wykorzystują pola typu finite-time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE). Przeprowadzono eksperymentalne testy dla nagrań wideo z ruchem ludzi. Sprawdzono także czasochłonność obliczeń poszczególnych etapów proponowanego rozwiązania.
EN
This paper presents a calculation of the motion measures for intelligent video analysis. Four measures are proposed: bidirectional length, forward direction, backward direction and motion edges. All measures are based on a flow map obtained with the use of the optical flow algorithm. Motion edges utilizes finite-time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE) fields. Experimental tests were performed for video recordings with the people movement. The computation times of particular steps of the proposed solution were also checked.
EN
The development of landslides in southern Poland caused financial and public substantial losses at the turn of centuries. It became an impulse for developing of the counteraction standardized system against harmful effects of mass movements. A reconstruction of destroyed objects was the first step after every landslide event. The issue of mass movements turned up at the Polish legislation after 2000. Landslides were regarded as act of natural processes, while numerous reactivating of the landslides were regarded as state of natural disasters. An obligation of taking landslides into account in the land-use planning was established. An obligation of monitoring and registering of landslides was imposed also on self-government units. At the same time assumptions of the Landslide Counteracting System (LCS; SOPO in Polish) project were developed. The aim of the Project is to collect and archiving in a standardized format results of investigations of the landslide.Within the frame of the LCS project on seventy five percent of the Carpathian area landslide inventory has been made, while still sixty landslides are currently monitored. Results of the work are archived in on-line available LCS database. The detailed data about landslines is accessible to the local authorities. This data is a primary source of information essential for raising fouds needed for stabilization, restoration and shifting of the destroyed public infrastructure. This data is also a tool for keping the spatial sustainable policy on the local level.
EN
Recent studies have utilizes color, texture, and composition information of images to achieve affective image classification. However, the features related to spatial-frequency domain that were proven to be useful for traditional pattern recognition have not been tested in this field yet. Furthermore, the experiments conducted by previous studies are not internationally-comparable due to the experimental paradigm adopted. In addition, contributed by recent advances in methodology, that are, Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) (i.e. Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Hilbert Transform (HT)), the resolution of frequency analysis has been improved. Hence, the goal of this research is to achieve the affective image-classification task by adopting a standard experimental paradigm introduces by psychologists in order to produce international-comparable and reproducible results; and also to explore the affective hidden patterns of images in the spatial-frequency domain. To accomplish these goals, multiple human-subject experiments were conducted in laboratory. Extended Classifier Systems (XCSs) was used for model building because the XCS has been applied to a wide range of classification tasks and proved to be competitive in pattern recognition. To exploit the information in the spatial-frequency domain, the traditional EMD has been extended to a two-dimensional version. To summarize, the model built by using the XCS achieves Area Under Curve (AUC) = 0.91 and accuracy rate over 86%. The result of the XCS was compared with other traditional machine-learning algorithms (e.g., Radial-Basis Function Network (RBF Network)) that are normally used for classification tasks. Contributed by proper selection of features for model building, user-independent findings were obtained. For example, it is found that the horizontal visual stimulations contribute more to the emotion elicitation than the vertical visual stimulation. The effect of hue, saturation, and brightness; is also presented.
PL
Rozwój systemów sterowania ruchem kolejowym (srk) zmierza m.in. w kierunku realizacji nowych funkcjonalności oraz zastosowania nowoczesnych technologii. Przykładem takich działań może być projekt badawczo-inwestycyjny realizowany w latach 2007-2013 przez Zakłady Automatyki KOMBUD S.A. we współpracy z Uniwersytetem Technologiczno-Humanistycznym w Radomiu oraz Instytutem Kolejnictwa w Warszawie.
6
Content available remote Lokalne centra sterowania w procesie prowadzenia ruchu pociągów
PL
W artykule scharakteryzowano Lokalne Centra Sterowania (LCS), z których dyżurni ruchu za pomocą zintegrowanych komputerowych systemów srk sterują ruchem kolejowym na określonym fragmencie sieci kolejowej. LCS-y pełnią funkcję nastawni zdalnego sterowania ruchem na wydzielonym odcinku linii kolejowej lub stacji. Ich główną zaletą jest ciągły nadzór w czasie rzeczywistym nad ruchem pociągów oraz możliwość centralizacji sterowania ruchem wielu posterunków bocznicowych, odstępowych i zapowiadawczych. Jako przykład posłużył w artykule LCS w Drzewicy, w którym zabudowę komputerowych systemów srk rodziny MOR powierzono Zakładom Automatyki KOMBUD S.A. z Radomia.
EN
The article characterizes the Local Control Centers, ie the places from which the railway workers using computerized signaling systems control the movement in a specific portion of the railway network. These centers act as remote control of the control room on a dedicated section of a railway line or railway station. Their main advantage is continuous in real time control of the train and the ability to centralize control of many traffic check points. The article describes modern of Local Control Center of railway traffic in Drzewica. Equipment inthe computer systems railway traffic control family MOR entrusted with KOMBUD S.A. Automation Enterprises.
PL
Artykuł opisuje analizę wpływu automatyzacji pracy urządzeń sygnalizacyjnych na przejazdach kategorii A na obciążenie dyżurnego ruchu w LCS. Sposób automatyzacji pracy urządzeń sygnalizacji przejazdowej na przejazdach kategorii A został zaprezentowany przez autorów w zeszłym roku. Wyniki analizy zostały opracowane zgodnie z metodyką stosowaną w PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A. W wyniku przeprowadzonej analizy przedstawiono warunki, w których zastosowanie zaproponowanej przez autorów automatyzacji pracy urządzeń na przejazdach kategorii A może być korzystne z punktu widzenia obciążenia dyżurnego ruchu w LCS.
EN
The article describes the analysis effect of automation equipment in the level crossing at level crossings category "A" on the train dispatcher`s workload in LCS. The kind of automation equipment in the level crossings was presented in previous article both authors last year. Results of analysis was developed in accordance with the methodology used in PKP PLK S.A. The analysis shows the conditions in which the proposed use of automation will benefit.
PL
Przedstawiono problemy związane z obsługą wywołań alarmowych w sieciach PSTN i GSM, inicjowanych z terminali stacjonarnych, komórkowych oraz z wyposażeń eCall instalowanych w pojazdach. Dotyczą one m. in. takich spraw, jak: rozpoznawanie wywołań alarmowych w sieci inicjującej, zapewnienie jakości transmisji głosu w łączności alarmowej, przydzielanie priorytetów wywołaniom kierowanym do punktów PSAP, przydzielanie wywołań alarmowych do właściwych punktów PSAP oraz obsługa wywołań alarmowych inicjowanych przez osoby niepełnosprawne, bardzo młode oraz w podeszłym wieku.
EN
The article presents the problems concerning emergency call handling in PSTN and GSM which are initiated from terminals connecting to the fixed and mobile networks as well as eCall terminals installed in a vehicle. It comprises e. g. following matters: recognition and treatment of emergency calls by originating network, guarantee the speech quality of emergency calls, assigning priority to emergency calls, assigning emergency calls to the appropriate PSAP, emergency calls handling when they are making by disabled, elderly and young users.
9
Content available remote New methods for location service in the WCDMA system
EN
New methods for a location service (LCS) in the Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system are elaborated. These methods base on the observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) algorithm. The classic OTDOA in the WCDMA system, to calculation of the geographical position of a mobile station (MS), needs a knowledge of relative time differences (RTDs) between base stations. In this reason, the LCS implementation is difficult and rather expensive. The proposed methods do not require RTDs. The elimination of the RTD parameters significantly simplifies the localization process in the 3G (3rd Generation) real-life cellular networks. The usefulness of the methods for location service implementation is analysed. The simulation model is outlined and simulation results of the proposed methods are presented. These results show that in the extremely bad conditions, i.e. in urban environment, the proposed algorithms fulfil the requirements for emergency calls from cellular phones in relation to accuracy of MS position calculation.
EN
Learning classifier systems (LCSs) are rule-based learning machines in which a reinforcement learning is conducted with use of evolutionary techniques. Currently, they are a subject of intensive study and of interesting applications. In this paper we present a review of LCSs. We give a short history of LCSs and overview current models. We also present some interesting and successful applications of LCSs
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