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From history of development textiles of the kyiv region

Andriiashko Vasyl

Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Technicznej w Katowicach

2022

T. 15

177--188

On the basis of the literary sources available to the author of the article, the main milestones of the development of artistic textiles of the Kyiv region are considered. Textiles on the territory of modern Ukraine existed in all historical periods, starting with the Trypil culture, as evidenced by the impressions on the bottoms of ceramic dishes found during archaeological excavations. Antiquities researchers assume that weaving existed in the Bronze Age as well. During the times of Kyivan Rus, in addition to simple linen weaving, there was a patterned weaving and a bump on the fabric, where the pattern was applied with the help of paint and stamps cut out of wood. This is evidenced by artifacts and spinning tools found by archaeologists. Textiles acquired development even after the Tatar-Mongol oppression in the times when the Kyiv lands were under the rule of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Later, in the 17th and 18th centuries. silk manufactories were developed in Kyiv itself, where, in addition to breeding cocoons, silk fabrics were made. At that time, there were also weaving workshops at monasteries, one of which was located in the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra. In the mid-19th to the first half of the 20th centuries, textiles became widely developed in the Kyiv region. In addition to the home weaving of artisans, local craft workshops began to supply textile goods to the market. The assortment of products included fabrics for upholstering men’s furniture, handkerchiefs, sheets, and blankets. In 1906, the Kyiv Artisan Society was created to intensify the development of textile and other industries.Textiles gained further development after the establishment of Soviet power in Ukraine. In the 1930s, weaving centers worked in Bohuslav, Pereyaslav, and Tarascha. In the post-war period, textile mills came into operation in Kyiv – the Darnytsky Silk Mill, which produced fabrics from synthetic fibers, and the Kyiv Silk Mill, which produced natural silk fabrics.

The Main Features of Hydraulic Fill Soils and River Dnieper Alluvial Deposits in the Kyiv Region

Rashchenko Andriy, Dyptan Tatyana, Malyshev Oleg

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

2020

Vol. 30, no. 4

72--89

The features of the tectonic structure together with the geological and geomorphological zoning of Kyiv city are highlighted in the article. Particular attention is paid to the floodplains of the Dnieper River, which were formed by the hydraulic fill method. As a rule, such sites were created for new constructions and were quickly built up with low rise buildings, the bases of which were made using such hydraulic soils. Completed engineering-geological investigations of sites after hydraulic filling and observation of the base deformation over time allowed setting of the basic regularity and rules for construction on such territories. The ongoing development of the city has also covered these territories, where high-rise buildings, shopping malls, and other buildings are actively being built, and the loads from these must be transferred to reliable bases.