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Terreneuvian acritarch assemblages of the Holy Cross Mountains : a new approach

Szczepanik Zbigniew, Żylińska Anna

Geological Quarterly

2021

Vol. 65, No. 2

art. no. 29

Rock samples from four boreholes and three exposures located in the southern peripheries of the Holy Cross Mountains in Poland, from strata representing the lower Cambrian Czarna Shale Formation have been studied palynologically. A relatively numerous and well-preserved lowermost Cambrian microfloral assemblage corresponds to coeval associations known from different palaeocontinents. Our new data enables reinterpretation of the biostratigraphy of the Czarna Formation, a thick rock unit basically devoid of macrofossils. The rocks analysed represent the Terreneuvian and comparison with other lower Cambrian successions indicates the middle and upper part of this oldest Cambrian series. The discovery of Variosphaeridium gen. nov. supplements information about the diversity of lowermost Cambrian microfloral assemblages. The Fimbriaglomerella membranacea-Globosphaeridium cerinum Assemblage Zone is introduced; it has a transitional character between the Asteridium tornatum-Comasphaeridium velvetum and Skiagia ornata-Fimbriaglomerella membranacea assemblage zones distinguished by Moczydłowska (1991) and identified on most Cambrian palaeocontinents.

The oldest rocks of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland – biostratigraphy of the Cambrian Czarna Shale Formation in the vicinity of Kotuszów

Szczepanik Z., Żylińska A.

Acta Geologica Polonica

2016

Vol. 66, no. 3

267--280

Three lower Cambrian acritarch assemblages recognized in four outcrops in the vicinity of Kotuszów in the southernmost part of the Palaeozoic inlier of the Holy Cross Mountains span a stratigraphic interval from the uppermost part of the Asteridium tornatum–Comasphaeridium velvetum Assemblage Zone to the Skiagia ornata–Fimbriaglomerella membranacea Assemblage Zone (most probably its lower part). According to current views (Moczydłowska and Yin 2012), this interval corresponds to the upper part of the Fortunian and to Stage 2 of the Terreneuvian Series. The strata yielding the oldest assemblage are thus the oldest precisely documented rocks in the Palaeozoic succession of the Holy Cross Mountains, and the oldest Cambrian rocks exposed on the surface in Poland. The current biostratigraphic scheme for the pre-trilobitic part of the Cambrian System in the Holy Cross Mountains should be modified so that it is based on local acritarch interval subzones.