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Działalność naukowa i społeczna Leona Konitza (1822-1895)

Zamachowska M.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

2017

R. 62, nr 2

85--100

Leon Konitz was one of the most outstanding Polish obstetricians and gynaecologists of the 19th century. He did pioneering work in asepsis and antisepsis in obstetrics, propagated modern approach in medicine in Poland, and was an indisputable medical authority. He was not affiliated with any medical institution but took part in setting the standards in Polish obstetrics and gynaecology. Together with Ludwik Darweski and Ludwik Neugebauer he was the first in Poland to apply uterine injection according to Kiwisch method in order to induce premature delivery. For the first time in Poland Konitz announced that there was a possibility of intrauterine death of foetus because of placental insufficiency. He participated in establishing methods of therapeutic use of ergot preparations in obstetrics and gynaecology, contributed to the invalidation of opinion that children of women suffering from eclampsia were always born dead, and that incontinent vomiting of pregnant women was an indication for abortion. Konitz also denied another opinion established in contemporary medicine: that uterus was the most important organ in women determining her sex gland, as well as her character. In his opinion, ovary was such an organ and changes inside ovaries, i.e. maturation of Graafian follicles, were ascribed to menstrual bleeding and fertility. He stressed the necessity to educate obstetricians not only in surgical delivery but first of all in the field of studies and overseeing physiological labour. He delivered a description of physical principles governing labour and defined techniques of practice in case of face presentation. He worked out his own method of bringing out the foetus in breech presentation, which because of a high risk of complications did not survive among the principles of obstetrics. He also noticed that fibroids never turn into cancer but could coexist with it. Konitz found out that uterine prolapse not always coexist with hypertrophy or cervix elongation. He thought that preventive treatment of uterine prolapse with the use of pessaries could be beneficial, on condition that there was no inflammation and other dangerous pathologies of generative organs. Leon Konitz was also a devoted social activist and advocate for the assimilation of Jews into the Polish population.