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Starożytny Egipt w podręcznikach szkolnych czasów Komisji Edukacji Narodowej

Kaczmarek H.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

2004

R. 49, nr 3/4

39--70

Analysis of information on Ancient Egypt in the textbooks of K.J. Skrzetuski and D.A.G. Szybiński, as well as in the dissertations by H. Borzęcki, M. Wolski or W. Piwnicki, shows that they carried comparable information, but differed in what information was highlighted. The names of Egyptian rulers found in them, as well as the factography, were derived from a variety of ancient sources and contemporary works on the subject. Some of the names that appear in the textbooks have been taken form Homer (Proteus), Herodotus (e.g. Phero Cheops), Diodorus Siculus (e.g. Busiris, Uchoros), but also from Manethon (e.g. Athothis, Thosorthros). The authors of the textbooks and dissertations did not always make an attempt to order the data obtained from their reading in a chronological manner. One problem that turned out to be insurmountable for them involved trying to establish a chronology of ancient Egypt based on the works of ancient writers and to reconcile it with that based on the Bible. What is remarkable about the textbooks, however, is the fact that for the first time in Polish teaching of history they attempted to combine, albeit not always successfully, history with geographical description. There were also some rather inept attempts to comprise all the history of humanity exclusively within the framework of historia profana. The material gathered by the authors of the textbooks of the Age of Enlightenment is very interesting from the point of view of the history of knowledge and learning. It makes it possible to determine the state of knowledge gained in the Polish school system of that period and to understand many seemingly bizarre egyptological theories that appeared as late as in the 19th century. Polish textbooks of the Age of Enlightenment were the main source of knowledge on the history of Egypt for several generations of Poles, and they affected their perception of the history of that distant country at a time when a fascination with the Orient began to be observed among the educated elite of the country. Those textbooks reflected the state of research on ancient Egypt, and just as the scholarly dissertations, they were based on the same sources and contemporary syntheses.

Fizyka pod wpływem Komisji Edukacji Narodowej na dawnym Uniwersytecie Wileńskim

Rasa K., Libertas K.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

2001

R. 46, nr 4

61-76

The author describes physical studies which were carried at Vilnius University from 1775 to 1852. R. Kivilsiene uses hand-written and printed sources.The figures of eminent professos are also described by her. There are for example Stefan Stubielewicz and Jozef Mickiewicz among them. The next question taken into consideration is forming of physical laboratory and library. The author considers that was strong influence of instructions of Comitee for National Education refered to Natural Sciences at Vilnius University. The influence was noticeable eveven in time of Russian domination.