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Middle Pleistocene fluvial, lacustrine and glaciolacustrine sediments of the Czyżów and Kuców Formations (Kuców 9, 10 and 16 sections), Bełchatów outcrop, central Poland – the problem of stratigraphical interpretation

Krzyszkowski Dariusz, Wachecka-Kotkowska Lucyna, Nita Małgorzata, Wieczorek Dariusz

Studia Quaternaria

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2021

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Vol. 38, Nr 1

53--66

EN

The article presents results of research of three sections (Kuców 9, 10 and 16). Two of them record fluvial and lacustrine interglacial sediments and the third, cold-stage glaciolacustrine sediments. They were formed inside the Miocene–Pliocene syncline depressions in a central part of the southern horst within the Kleszczów Graben. Fluvial and lacustrine deposits of the Middle Pleistocene Interglacial (Mazovian or Ferdynandovian in the Czyżów Formation) are described from the Kuców 9 and 10 sections. Their sediments are located in marginal parts of a buried river valley and within an oxbow palaeolake, then covered by glaciofluvial deposits of the Ławki (Early Saalian) and Rogowiec (Late Saalian) Formations. The Kuców 16 section comprises ice-dam sandy lithofacies (Kuców Formation, Elsterian) of a marginal part in a proglacial lake. Two pollen diagrams of K65/15 and Kuców 9 sections represent the Mazovian (Holsteinian) succession, although in the Kuców 9 section some features are typical for the Ferdinandovian succession.

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Petrography of Glacial Tills in the Szczerców Outcrop, Central Poland – Problems of Stratigraphic Interpretation

Krzyszkowski D., Wachecka-Kotkowska L., Wieczorek D., Stoiński A.

Studia Quaternaria

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2015

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Vol. 32, Nr 2

99--108

EN

The paper presents results of petrographic analyses of glacial tills in the western part of the Kleszczów Graben and the attempt of their stratigraphic interpretation. Petrographic coefficients have allowed the identification of five till lithotypes: T1, T2A, T2 and T2B – assigned to the South Polish Complex (Elsterian) and T4 correlated with the Middle Polish Complex (Saalian). The well-expressed tills that represent the South Polish Complex, occur at the bottom of the section. A new till lithotype, T2B, has been distinguished, corresponding to the Kuców Formation. It supplements the Pleistocene lithostratigraphic section of central Poland and corresponds to the Sanian 2 Glaciation. Among the younger tills, the T4 one (Odranian Glaciation) is well developed. The uppermost tills of the Wartanian cold stage have been reduced by glaciofluvial and fluvial erosion. It is, to some extent a consequence of the existence of a depression in this area, called the Szczerców Basin. The paper highlights the interpretational difficulties concerning the rank and the number of ice sheet advances during the Polish and Middle Polish Complexes in central Poland.

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The results of new studies of Quaternary sediments in the Kleszczów Graben, Szczerców Outcrop, Bełchatów Lignite Opencast Mine

Wieczorek D., Stoiński A., Krzyszkowski D., Wachecka-Kotkowska L., Krzymińska J.

Landform Analysis

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2015

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Vol. 29

63--71

EN

The paper presents the results of new studies of Quaternary deposits filling the Kleszczów Graben in the Szczerców outcrop, Bełchatów Lignite Opencast Mine. Sedimentary successions were profiled in the fieldwork. Moreover, the borehole data were studied. Laboratory studies included: grain size analyses, analyses of shape and morphology of quartz grain (morphoscopy), analyses of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS), palynological, malacological and ostracodological studies, as well as geochronometric (C14) and geochemical (δ18O/δ16O) measurements. The studies were carried out in 2009–2013 and resulted in discovering of some sedimentary formations as well as arranging geological cross-sections and synthetic lithostratigraphic profile. The following sedimantary formations have been distinguished: Folwark, Kuców, Czyżów, Ławki, Rogowiec, Aleksandrów, Piaski and Widawka, arranged into two structural units: the lower one – deformed, and the upper one – undeformed.

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Dodatkowa kulminacja solna na SE od wysadu Dębiny

Derda R., Sędor A., Świerczek E.

Technika Poszukiwań Geologicznych

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2005

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R. 44, nr 3

45-52

PL

Interpretacja pomierzonych mezostruktur tektonicznych w rdzeniach wiertniczych, powiązana z analizą profili litostratygraficznych badanych otworów, uzasadnia występowanie dodatkowej elewowanej struktury solnej 200 metrów na SE od wysadu Dębiny. Jej genezę autorzy wiążą z głównym masywem wysadu. Proponowaną interpretację strukturalną udokumentowano szczegółowymi profilami litostratygraficznymi analizowanych otworów, przekrojami geologicznymi, diagramami konturowymi i rozetowymi powierzchni ślizgów i rys, oraz zdjęciami charakterystycznych mezostruktur. Występowanie opisywanej struktury ma istotne znaczenie dla korekty lokalizacji bariery chroniącej środowisko wodne otoczenia kopalni odkrywkowej przed destruktywnym wpływem intruzji solnej.

EN

Interpretation of measured tectonic mesostructures on the cores, related with analysis of lithostratigraphic profiles, allows to think that there is another elevated structure, 200 meters to SE of Salt Dome Dębina. Authors relate its genesis with the Salt Dome main massive. Proposed structural interpretation is documented by detailed lithostratigraphic analysis of wells, geological sections, contour and rose diagrams of slickensides and their slickenlines, and by pictures of the characteristic mesostructures. Occurrence of this structure is importanty for localisation correction of the barier protecting water environment of the open pit surroundings from destructive influence of the salt intrusion.

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Cenozoic dynamics of the Dębina Salt Dome, Kleszczów Graben, inferred from structural features of the Tertiary-Quaternary cover

Hałuszczak A.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2004

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Vol. 74, No 3

311--318

EN

The Dębina Salt Dome (DSD) is located in the central part of the Tertiary Kleszczów Graben, between the open-cast brown coal mines: "Bełchatów" and "Szczerców". Complicated geological features of the DSD are related to the polyphase tectonic activity in the Kleszczów Graben, and the salt structure dynamics which is believed to be coupled with that activity. The distinctive anticlinal elevation of the sedimentary cover of the DSD points to Cenozoic uplift of the salt. The timing of these salt pulses can be considered as related to main phases of tectonic activity in the Tertiary and Quaternary, well-documented during field studies in the brown coal open mine "Bełchatów". Due to the Middle/Late Tertiary salt uplift, a vast asymmetric anticline of up to 400 m amplitude was formed in the Early Miocene sandy and coaly sediments, including the so-called main coal seam. Renewed salt movements of the DSD occurred in the Quaternary. Considering the magnitude of the top-Tertiary surface elevation versus preliminary dating of this activity, it is concluded that the rate of the salt uplift was about 0.3 mm/ year, with the strain rate estimated at 4 x 10-14 s-1. Both parameters show relatively fast Quaternary salt movements of the DSD, being representative for the diapir rise active phase (from 10-14 s-1 to 10-16 s-1 ).