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Malicious SHA-3

Morawiecki Paweł

Fundamenta Informaticae

2019

Vol. 169, nr 4

331--343

In this paper, we investigate Keccak — the cryptographic hash function adopted as the SHA-3 standard. We propose a malicious variant of the function, where new round constants are introduced. We show that for such a variant, collision and preimage attacks are possible. We also identify a class of weak keys for malicious Keccak working in the MAC mode. Ideas presented in the paper were verified by implementing the attacks on the function with the 128-bit hash. Additionally, we show how the idea of malicious Keccak could be used in differential fault analysis against real Keccak working in the keyed mode such as the authenticated encryption mode.

Improving security of lightweith SHA-3 against preimage attacks

Serhii O., Kotulski Z.

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

2018

Vol. 64, No. 2

159--166

In this article we describe the SHA-3 algorithm and its internal permutation in which potential weaknesses are hidden. The hash algorithm can be used for different purposes, such as pseudo-random bit sequences generator, key wrapping or one pass authentication, especially in weak devices (WSN, IoT, etc.). Analysis of the function showed that successful preimage attacks are possible for low round hashes, protection from which only works with increasing the number of rounds inside the function. When the hash function is used for building lightweight applications, it is necessary to apply a small number of rounds, which requires additional security measures. This article proposes a variant improved hash function protecting against preimage attacks, which occur on SHA-3. We suggest using an additional external randomness sources obtained from a lightweight PRNG or from application of the source data permutation.