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High-resolution soil erodibility K-factor estimation using machine learning generated soil dataset and soil pH levels

Mammadli Nurlan, Gojamanov Magsad

Geodesy and Cartography

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2021

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Vol. 70, no. 1

44--55

EN

Soil Erodibility Factor (K-factor) is a crucial component of a widely used equation for soil erosion assessment known as the USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) or its revised version – RUSLE. It reflects the potential of the soil of being detached due to rainfalls or runoffs. So far, an extensive number of researches provide different approaches and techniques in the evaluation of K-factor. This study applies soil erodibility estimation in the soils of the South Caucasian region using soil data prepared by the International Soil Reference and Information Centre (ISRIC) with 250 m resolution, whereas the recent K-factor estimation implemented in the EU scale was with 500 m resolution. Soil erodibility was assessed using an equation involving soil pH levels. The study utilises Trapesoidal equation of soil data processing and preparation, as suggested by ISRIC, for various layers of surface soil data with up to 0-30 cm depth. Both usage of SoilGrids data and its processing as well as estimation of K-factor applying soil pH levels have demonstrated sufficient capacity and accuracy in soil erodibility assessment. The final output result has revealed the K-factor values varying from 0.037 and more than 0.060 t ha h/MJ mm within the study area.

2

Dynamika inicjatyw międzynarodowych na rzecz pokojowej regulacji konfliktu w Górskim Karabachu

Czachor R.

Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki

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2014

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Nr 3

5--19

PL

Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie działań na rzecz uregulowania konfliktu w Górskim Karabachu w kontekście geopolitycznej rywalizacji o wpływy na Kaukazie Południowym. Autor wskazuje, że podejmowane przez społeczność międzynarodową próby pokojowe były uwarunkowane interesami głównych politycznych aktorów. Pozwoliło to na wyróżnienie 3 etapów tego procesu. Okres pierwszy: rywalizacji planów pokojowych Rosji i państw zrzeszonych w OBWE (głównie Stanów Zjednoczonych); okres drugi: współpracy Rosji i OBWE w kwestii pokojowej regulacji konfliktu; okres trzeci: zmiany formatu procesu pokojowego i zwiększenie roli bilateralnych negocjacji ormiańsko-azerskich.

EN

The aim of the article is to present international efforts for peace regulation of the Azeri-Armenian conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh in the context of geopolitical rivalry in the South Caucasus. The author claims that the attempts undertaken by the international community were conditioned by the interests of main international actors. On this basis the author distinguishes between three main periods of international attempts of peace regulation. The first one passed being determined by the competition of two peace plans: designed by Russia and the OSCE (mainly the US). The main characteristic of the second period was smooth cooperation between Russia and the OSCE in peace regulation but without any milestone results. During the third period the framework of the peace process changed to reflect the growing role of bilateral Azeri-Armenian negotiations.

3

Kaukaz Południowy w polityce Unii Europejskiej

Brążkiewicz D.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2011

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nr 1(82)

255-263

EN

The European Union’s enlargement onto the east has brought about a new outlook on the EU countries’ security conditions. It is reflected in the EU policy concerning many states of the former Soviet Union. One of the areas of particular interest is Southern Caucasus, which the Russian Federation is also interested in. In its activities the European Union perceives these geo-political conditions supporting young countries politically and diplomatically, as it happened during the Russian - Georgian war. Many programmes have been launched that support social and political transformations and economic incentives to improve the development of the countries in the region. In addition, European Parliament Resolution was passed concerning the EU strategy for Southern Caucasus. The author presents the EU efforts of planned support for Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and attempts to ease ethnic conflicts and national feuds.

4

Kaukaz Południowy w polityce Zachodu : wzrost zainteresowania

Jaroszewicz M.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2004

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nr 1(54)

314-322

EN

The geographical location of South Caucasus has a transit character, as there cross transport routes from the north to the south and from the east to the west Due to its strategic location and the proximity to the Caspian Sea and Central Asia, rich in energetic resources, South Caucasus has been for centuries the area of regional superpowers’ (such as Russia, Turkey or Iran) competition. The article presents the main conditions of the change in Western policy towards Caucasus, new aspects and areas of this strategy interests. The common, although not equal, policy of the West towards this region has been discussed.