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Połączenia kolejowe pomiędzy Polską i Obwodem Królewieckim

Maciążek F.

TTS Technika Transportu Szynowego

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2018

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R. 25, nr 1-2

28--40

PL

Komunikacja kolejowa pomiędzy Polską i Obwodem Królewieckim funkcjonuje obecnie tylko nieznacznie lepiej niż przed 1989 r. Połączeń pasażerskich brakuje, a szanse na ich uruchomienie są dość mgliste. Jednak całkiem poprawnie rozwija się wymiana handlowa, w tym import surowców energetycznych z Rosji, głównie węgla kamiennego, gazu propan-butan czy nawozów sztucznych. Ze względu na specyfikę transportu towarów masowych, a także dość długą trasę, jaką przemierzają te ładunki do granicy z Polską (węgiel jest wydobywany m.in. w kopalniach położonych we wschodniej Syberii), ich transport koleją wydaje się niezagrożony. Około 79% importu rosyjskiego do Polski odbywało się za pośrednictwem transportu kolejowego (według masy przewożonych ładunków) i tylko 4% z użyciem transportu samochodowego. Natomiast w strukturze eksportu Polski do Rosji podobne wskaźniki są odwrócone – koleją przewożonych jest tylko 21% ładunków i aż 72% transportem samochodowym (GUS, 2003 r.).

EN

The rail communication between Poland and the Kaliningrad Region could de described as the standard one. Although the passenger communication does not work and the chances for reactivation of it is rather impossible, but trade exchange is quite well developed including imports of energy resources from Russia (coal, propane-butane gas, etc.). The present-day rail infrastructure is old transshipment points at the border built for the army before 1989 and adapted for civil use in the new reality of the free market in Po land. The problem that has not been solved for years is the launch of passenger communication between cities in Poland: Gdańsk, Olsztyn or Białystok and the cities like Kaliningrad and Chernyachovsk. In last period (20-25 years), the Polish-Kaliningrad communication has been improved in comparison to the one in the period before 1989 (then civil border crossings did not exist), but a lot of work should be done to achieve a satisfactory level

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National and international passenger transport accessibility of the Kaliningrad region of the Russian Federation: present configuration and development plans

Gumenyuk Ivan S.

Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG

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2018

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nr 21(4)

14--19

EN

The article is devoted to the description of the current level of development of passenger transport system of the Kaliningrad region of the Russian Federation. First of all, the possibilities of providing passenger traffic in international and intra-national (between regions of Russia) directions are assessed. Each of the types of transport in the region, which is involved in the provision of passenger services, is characterized. The information base of the study consists of statistical and analytical materials on the work of passenger transportation for 2016 and 2017. The main research method is the method of statistical comparison and expert analysis. The main conclusion of the study is that at present there is asymmetry in the role of various types of transport involved in providing passenger traffic between the Kaliningrad region of the main territories of Russia and foreign countries. In addition, a list of promising projects that can be implemented to intensify the Russian-Polish passenger traffic. It is necessary to implement new projects in the formation of passenger corridors, which will be aimed at expanding the possibilities of transport communication. The availability of alternative routes in a competitive environment leads to both an increase in the quality of transportation services provided and a reduction in their cost to the public.

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Correlation and comparison of Jurassic deposits in republics of Belarus and Lithuania, and Russian Federation in transboundary region

Makhnach V. V.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2012

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Vol. 38, no. 4

500--502

EN

Correlation and comparison of the Jurassic deposits of Republic of Belarus, Republic of Lithuania and Kaliningrad region of the Russian Federation transboundary region is an important time milepost in studying of a paleogeographical situation of the western part of the East European Platform. The geologist Ullman began to study Jurassic deposits of the Republic of Lithuania in 1830s (Grigyalis 1958). He investigated river Venta in the town of Papilany. For the first time, geologist A.E. Gedroyts conducted research of the Jurassic deposits in the territory of Belarus. He found erratic boulders in the Białowieża forest at the beginning 1880s (Mityanina 1982). Correlations of the Jurassic deposits were repeatedly undertaken in this region. In 1922, N.F. Bliodukho discussed the similarity between "Western" and "Russian" Jurassic on basis of the mollusk analogies. The second attempt was made within the project of UNESCO No. 86 of the International program of geological correlation The East European Platform (southwest region) only in 1985. Correlations were carried out within the project "Peritetis". The newest research of the Jurassic deposits of Belarus revealed the series of paleogeographical and sedimentological features (Makhnach 2011). This research revealed, a glacial exaration of the Jurassic deposits from Grodno (Republic of Belarus), Druskininkay and Premay (Republic of Lithuania) as a distinctive feature of the Lithuanian-Polish Monocline. The considered transboundary region includes (from the North to the South) following tectonic structures: Baltic Syneclise, western slope of the Latvian Saddle, Mazursko-Belorusskaja Anteclise and Podlyassko-Brestsky Hollow. Desrciptions and paleontological material from stratigraphic wells, which encountered Jurassic deposits were used as a research material. Data from following wells were used: stratigraphic wells Gvardeyskaja-57 and Bely Yar-1 for the Kaliningrad region, Yoty's stratigraphic well for the Republic of Lithuania, stratigraphic wells Vysokoe-77 and Brest-52 for the territory of Belarus. The correlation of regional data and comparison of paleogeographical events showed that the most complete section of the Jurassic deposits for this area is located in the territory of the Kaliningrad region - a stratigraphic well Gvardeyskaja 57. For the territory of Belarus, the most complete section of Oxfordian is presented in the stratigraphic well Vysokoe-77, and Callovian deposits are best represented in the stratigraphic well Brest-52. Paleogeographical reconstruction shows that the sea was absent in the territory of Belarus, but the plentiful river network drained the Polesye Saddle through the Svislochsky snap in Early Callovian. Lowland with wetlands existed in Early Callovian during the beginning of transgression in the transboundary region of Lithuania, Belarus and the Kaliningrad region. The maximum transgression from the Polish Sea occurred during the Kosmo-ceras jason time (Middle Callovian). At this time, connection through the Pripyat Passage and through the southern passage systems with the Central Russian Sea was established. The second maximum transgression in this region happened during the Quenstedtoceras maria time (Early Oxfordian), and the communication with the Central Russian Sea was reestablished in the period of Cardioceras cordatum (Early Oxfordian). Completeness of Middle and Upper Oxfordian cuts from the territory of Belarus isn't clear and requires further paleontological research. Lithological differences and time of sediment accumulation reveal different sedimentation conditions. This fact indicates various movement directions of tectonic structures. It should be noted that unidirectional movements (immersion) effected all tectonic structures during the maximum sea transgressions. Differences in regions, where Jurassic sediments were deposited, were also studied. In the second half of Late Callovian, the Podlyassko-Brestsky Hollow underwent immersion and a flexure towards the Stryysky Deflection while Mazursko-Belorussky Anteclise was under conditions of tectonic rest. During Cardioceras cordatum time (Early Oxfordian), the submerging of Pripyat passage northern part was amplified. Most likely, the Polish Sea started to recede from the major part of the territory of Belarus during Middle Oxfordian, marking a new land stage of the territory. The buckling of the Latvian Saddle towards the Baltic Syneclise was observed within the territory of Lithuania. Paleontological data are also interesting. Existence of coral reeves in the territory of Lithuania (Grigyalis 1958) testifies the prevalence of northwest currents from Peritetis areas, and also does not reject the hypothesis about the Northern (Baltiyskii) Passage connecting the Polish and Central Russian seas. Biota features indicate the existence of benthonic currents in Late Callovian and difficult fauna exchange between Lithuanian and Belarusian regions.

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Eksperimental’nye issledovania po izuceniu vzaimodejstvia gorizontal’nyh skvazin na Novo-Serebranskom neftanom mestorozdenii Kaliningradskoj oblasti

Kul'pin L. G., Obmoroseva L. B., Panfilova T. A., Skacko V. P.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Nafty i Gazu

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2010

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nr 170 wyd. konferencyjne

775--781

EN

Research data are given in this article for the purpose of horizontal well interference studying in process of development on the New-Serebrjansky oilfield of the Kaliningrad region. Resource base content is 520 thousand tons. In the course of developing 30% are extracted. The sheet oil рооl is accompanied by bottom water on whole oi1 producing area. 5 horizontal wells and 2 vertical were drilled. Length of horizontal parts are 50-130 m. All of them are situated at the top part of productive zone. Hydrodynamic research of most wells was made on steady and pseudo-steady state. It has allowed to solve a number of practical and methodological questions on management of developing oilfield.

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Trzęsienia ziemi w Obwodzie Kaliningradzkim, 21 września 2004

Wiejacz P., Dębski W.

Przegląd Geofizyczny

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2005

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Z. 1-2

77-90

EN

On 21 September 2004 the northeastern area of Poland has experienced two unusual earthquakes of magnitudes 5.0 and 5.3. The earthquakes have originated in the nearby Kaliningrad Region, Russia, across the state border. Although the damages were minor and no casualties have been reported in Poland, the appearance of such earthquakes in an area otherwise considered non-seismic and totally safe has caused much concern among of relief services and general population. The earthquakes will naturally cause reassessment of the seismic hazard for this area and will be subject to scientific analysis. This paper summarizes those investigations of the events that result from everyday seismological observatory routine, providing information on location and magnitude of the events. The source mechanism is also being discussed. The results are an evidence that the Kaliningrad Region is a seismically active area, even though the earthquakes happen relatively seldom and do not reach devastating size.