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Heavy Metals Tolerance in an Invasive Weed (Fallopia japonica) under Different Levels of Soils Contamination

Sołtysiak Justyna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2020

Vol. 21, nr 7

81--91

In order to assess the tolerance of the highly invasive weed Fallopia japonica to heavy metals, a greenhouse experiment was conducted in which this plant was cultivated in control soil and in the soils polluted by different levels of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn. The content of heavy metals in soil did not eliminate the F. japonica rhizome’s capacity to regenerate. However, at the beginning of the experiment, the presence of some metal doses: Cd (100, 200 mg•kg-1), Pb (200 mg•kg-1) and Zn (300 mg•kg-1) delayed the rhizome regeneration compared to the control plants. In the soils contaminated with any level of Cr or Pb, shoots grew with similar vigour to the control plants. Only the high doses of Cd (100, 200 mg•kg-1), Cu (300 mg•kg-1) and Zn (300 mg•kg-1) significantly delayed the plants’ growth. The morphological features of F. japonica from the soils polluted with Cr and Pb were not significantly different from the control plants. Among the tested heavy metals that had the greatest impact on the morphology of F. japonica were Cd (100, 200 mg•kg-1), Cu (300 mg•kg-1) and Zn (300 mg•kg-1). A chemical analysis indicated that this weed accumulated large quantities of metals when cultivated in the contaminated soil. Particular attention was paid to its relatively high Cd uptake. In the variant where a dose of 100 mg Cd•kg-1 was applied, the plants (aboveground part) accumulated more than 630 times the amount of cadmium found in the control. The abilities of F. japonica to regenerate from rhizome fragments, to grow and develop under the stress conditions created by heavy metals, and to take up metals are evidence that this plant is characterised by metal tolerance.

The importance of land use type in Fallopia (Reynoutria) japonica invasion in the urban environment

Chmura D., Nejfeld P., Borowska M., Woźniak G., Nowak T., Tokarska-Guzik B.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2013

Vol. 61, nr 2

379--384

In total 273 stands of the invasive species Fallopia (Reynoutria) japonica in Oświęcim valley (southern Poland) were examined, in terms of cover, area, abundance, height and width of shoots, and presence of coexisting species. F. japonica occurred more frequently in wastelands and was the rarest in forests. Statistical analyses revealed some significant differences among habitats with particular traits. The most abundant populations, occupying the largest area, were recorded in wetlands and along railway lines. Populations were very diverse in terms of their percentage of flowering shoots within a particular type of habitat, however, the highest percentage was again observed in wetlands and along railways. In forests, gardens and in wastelands the contribution of flowering shoots was lower. The presence of accompanying species in the studied populations was generally low, most frequently stands of F. japonica were mono-specific with a slightly higher cover of accompanying species being recorded in F. japonica populations in forests. The highest proportion of the tallest shoots within a patch of F. japonica was observed in wetlands, while the lowest was in wastelands and in railways. The individuals with the thickest shoots were present in forests and wetlands and the thinnest in wastelands. Despite the simplified nature of the data collection the study demonstrated that F. japonica is more vigorous and forms larger stands occupying larger areas in some of the analyzed habitats. The study showed that in manmade habitats the considered species has favourable conditions for its development and further spread and this is of concern to conservationists and land managers as it can pose a threat to native biodiversity.