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1
Content available Opanowanie punktów kluczowych w walce w terenie zurbanizowanym. An Nasiriyah 2003 - studium przypadku taktycznego
Makowiec P.
Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki
|
2011
|
Nr 3
7-18
PL
Artykuł przedstawia zdobycie 23 marca 2003 r. przez siły Task Force Tarawa (USMC) mostów w mieście An Nasirija podczas początkowej fazy operacji Iraqi Freedom. Walki grupy bojowej w tym mieście uznawane są za jedno z najważniejszych starć sił amerykańskich w terenie zurbanizowanym od czasu walk w Hue podczas wojny wietnamskiej (1968). Część pierwsza pracy omawia założenia operacyjne i organizację TF Tarawa. W drugiej części przedstawiono walki 1 batalionu piechoty, które są klasycznym przykładem opanowania punktów kluczowych w walce w terenie zabudowanym.
EN
This paper presents the seizure of two bridges in An Nasiriyah by the troops of Task Force Tarawa (USMC) during the initial phase of Operation “Iraqi Freedom”. This combat is considered to be one of the major urban fights since the fighting in Hue during the Vietnam War (1968). The first part of the article discusses the task and organization of TF Tarawa. The second part presents the struggle of 1st Marine Battalion, which is a classic example of the seizure of key objectives in urban combat.
2
Content available remote Wybrane aspekty osiągania przewagi w operacji „Iracka Wolność” w 2003 roku
Joniak J.
Zeszyty Naukowe AON
|
2009
|
nr 4(77)
274-302
EN
Iraqi Freedom operation significantly differed from a classic model of waging offensive operations in the second half of the 20th century. There appeared a kind of joining of the timeless rules of conducting war with the application of an innovative approach to certain aspects of the art of war and using the state-of-the-art technology. The picture of the battlefield showed great flexibility and mobility both in the land and air dimensions. The necessity to operate with the use of small forces in relation to the area of operation required capabilities to concentrate efforts where it was useful from the coalition point of view, and inconvenient for Iraqi forces. During the whole operation a great attention was drawn to acquiring, maintaining and using information advantage which allowed unprecedented control of the battlefield both in the sense of effective command of precision weapons and due to capabilities of effective command of quick surprising manoeuvre of the friendly forces. Iraqi commanders did not posses modern systems of command and reconnaissance, what contributed to the lack of possibility to command their own forces in an effective way. A huge advantage of coalition groups resulted from the fact that Iraqi frees in the first week of operations were significantly weakened due to constant air strikes, their command system was neutralised, what in turn made it impossible to attempt reorganisation, creating an appropriate defence group and regrouping necessary troops. Moreover, in many regular army units there was seen the weakeneing of the will to fight. The technological advantage of American units effectively minimised the quantative advantage of Iraqi forces. The coalition forces having much fewer divisions and artillery than Iraq, surpassed it with modern armament systems. The technological advantage of conventional weapons and information advantage were the key factors of the coalition success.
3
Content available remote Zaangażowanie Sił Zbrojnych Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w operacji stabilizacyjnej w Iraku w latach 2003-2008
Lenart P.
Zeszyty Naukowe AON
|
2008
|
nr 3(72)A Numer specjalny
76-88
4
Content available remote Udział wojsk lądowych w operacji stabilizacyjnej w Iraku : doświadczenia i taktyka działań
Buk T.
Zeszyty Naukowe AON
|
2008
|
nr 3(72)A Numer specjalny
89-103
5
Content available remote Przygotowanie i przebieg operacji Iraqi Freedom
Panek B.
Zeszyty Naukowe AON
|
2008
|
nr 4(73)
188-201
EN
The article presents the process of preparation and the course of war operations conducted within the Operation Iraqi Freedom. This operation is undoubtedly a breakthrough moment in the development of modern art of war, which has been experiencing a kind of renaissance in the last decade. This process was initiated in the United States at the end of the 70s and beginning of the 80s when the supreme military and civil authorities started generating mechanisms and procedures in order to ensure the effective achievement of political goals with the use of military means. Basing on the works of outstanding military theoreticians and pragmatists (Clausewitz, Jomini, Douhet, Liddell Hart) and taking advantage of Vietnam war experiences, research was launched in order to work out one common concept , that would ensure the USA political leadership the capability to carry out interests of the state with the help of military means. The conducted analyses and evaluations from the mentioned above period show that the first attempts of practical implementation of the concept being built did not bring anticipated results, which was confirmed by failures during actions undertaken to free American hostages in Iran (April 1979) and during the intervention in Grenada (1983). It was not until the successful operation in Panama (1989), when Americans were convinced about a breakthrough in working out the conception ensuring effective conducting of strategic aims of the state on the strategic and military levels. The Operation Desert Storm (1990/91) was a model example of “operating troops freely on the whole area of operation” and became a kind of a test for new solutions. They proved fully effective and were implemented in USA operations to liberate Kuwait. During the Balkan war (1999), the political leadership’s guidelines and directives led to too early and unnecessary resignation from the use of NATO land forces. Also the first strikes on terrorist bases in Afghanistan (August 1998) were conducted exclusively by long range assets which air and naval forces were equipped with. Conclusions generated in the mentioned above operations influenced the strategy of G. Bush’s political leadership who maintained reserved to ineffective and not bringing expected results form of commanding from “a safe distance”. More-over, a common opinion (especially in American conservative circles) that the resignation of the land forces’ use in Iraq would cause that on the international arena there would be a conviction that the United States are afraid of operations resulting in huge human losses which would not be accepted by American citizens (so called Vietnam syndrome). That situation diametrically changed after terrorist attacks in New York and Washington (9/11/2001) when most American population felt greatly threatened. The presented in a general outline factors in the context of art of the war development became the basis of planning, preparing and conducting the Operation Iraqi Freedom 2003.
6
Content available remote Praktyczne aspekty realizacji zabezpieczenia materiałowego Polskiego Kontyngentu Wojskowego w operacji „Iracka Wolność”
Malinowski Z.
Zeszyty Naukowe AON
|
2008
|
nr 3(72)
184-199
EN
The article features the Polish Military Contingent's (PMC) materiel support during the first three rotations. In the introduction, the Multi-National Division’s -Central South (MND-CS) structure and short characteristics of conditions in which PMC supply was carried out. The next part focuses on International accords signed between Poland and the United States which were the basis to develop the concept of PMC logistic support assigned for operations within the framework of Operation Iraqi Freedom. The final part of the article concerns accomplishing tasks of national materiel support subsystem for the PMC Iraq. Moreover, the use of assets in the first three rotations is presented in a chart. It is worth stressing that during the Operation Iraqi Freedom, two nomenclatures of supply class were used: five classes of supply in the national system and ten supply classes -within the coalition (these are American supply class systems). Furthermore, an essential role in materiel supply and storage played the functioning of two systems: ACSC supply system in relation to all MND troops and national system carried out within the Polish National Support Element. Applying two procurement systems in relation to contingents carrying out tasks outside the country seems a good solution due to the fact that it eliminates costly transfer of some goods which may be acquired in the area of the mission through contractors or purchases. Consequently, it contributes to the decrease of costs that materiel supply insurance bears.
7
Content available remote Polityczno-militarna ocena udziału Wielkiej Brytanii w operacji stabilizacyjnej w Iraku w latach 2003-2008
Plumridge C.
Zeszyty Naukowe AON
|
2008
|
nr 3(72)A Numer specjalny
59-66
8
Content available remote Polityczno-militarna ocena udziału Stanów Zjednoczonych w operacji stabilizacyjnej w Iraku w latach 2003-2008
Wiliams R. M.
Zeszyty Naukowe AON
|
2008
|
nr 3(72)A Numer specjalny
42-58
9
Content available remote Polityczno-militarna ocena udziału Polski w operacji stabilizacyjnej w Iraku w latach 2003-2008
Koziej S.
Zeszyty Naukowe AON
|
2008
|
nr 3(72)A Numer specjalny
67-75
10
Content available remote Irak po zakończeniu działań wojennych w operacji „Iracka Wolność” w 2003 r. : bilans zysków i strat po pięciu latach operacji stabilizacyjnej
Shiltagh W. H.
Zeszyty Naukowe AON
|
2008
|
nr 3(72)A Numer specjalny
36-41
11
Content available remote Użycie bezpilotowych aparatów latających (BAL) we wsparciu ogniowym w operacji „Iracka Wolność”
Świętochowski N.
Zeszyty Naukowe AON
|
2005
|
nr 1(58)
235-245
EN
The author touches on the problem of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in fire support on the example of the conflict in Iraq. UAVs are used for the battlefield reconnaissance mainly on strategic and operational levels. However, as experiences from fighting in Iraq show, they are more and more commonly used on a tactical level as well. In the operation Iraqi Freedom UAVs were used in reconnaissance for fire support. The basic recce equipment of the enemy artillery and missiles in the US Army are radiolocation stations ANT PQ - 36 and 37. This equipment, although extremely efficient, can only perform active reconnaissance, i.e. detect enemy artillery after it started its combat activities. However, UAVs can detect artillery on standby or moving to other combat posts. Due to UAVs the enemy artillery can be detected even before their combat activities started what limits friendly losses and allows gaining fire domination on the battlefield. Brief characteristics of UAVs used in Iraq were presented in the first part of the article. The basic tactical and technical data and main reconnaissance devices mounted on UAVs board were described. The second part of the article deals with the way UAVs were used in reconnaissance for fire support in the 5th Mechanised Corps and Marines Corps. The scheme of destroying the enemy artillery process and data reconnaissance transfer and the way they are used were presented on illustrations. Some particular examples of using UAVs on the battlefield were shown. Using UAVs for fire support significantly increased the abilities of proactive detection and destruction of the enemy fire assets. UAVs have been rapidly developing recently and one can assume that they will play a more and more important role on the battlefield replacing manned aircraft.
12
Content available remote Targeting dynamiczny w siłach powietrznych XXI wieku
Marud W.
Zeszyty Naukowe AON
|
2005
|
nr 3(60)A Numer Specialny
107-126
EN
Targeting is a notion that in a certain simplification means the process of designating and hierarchizing the targets to be destroyed, the selection of activities directed against them, estimating the needed level of damage and assessing the effects. The success of activities against high manoeuvrability targets of strategic and operation importance, which is the subject of dynamic targeting, depends on the time between the target detection and reaching the destruction capabilities Basing on the conclusions from dynamic targeting analyses in selected military operations, the author states a thesis that additional possibilities to shorten the dynamic targeting cycle and raising its effectiveness in this century will be achieved by improving the targeting organisation, new technologies of acquiring, processing and distributing reconnaissance information and the development of precision weapon insensitive to atmospheric conditions. The author claims that properly selected and well trained targeting personnel eligible for decision making and located in the air component’s centre of air operations is a reliable solution that gives future prospects in the area of dynamic targeting. Modern constructions using improved radar techniques will dominate the area of reconnaissance, whereas weapons guided by satellite navigation systems will dominate the combat assets area.
13
Content available remote Brytyjsko-amerykańskie działania desantowe w czasie operacji „Iraqi Freedom” : przebieg, doświadczenia i wnioski
Kubiak K.
Zeszyty Naukowe AON
|
2005
|
nr 3(60)
192-206
EN
The author presents the multinational landing activities that were carried out in March 2003, during the coalition operation “Iraqi Freedom”. The importance of naval-air assault on the Faw peninsula in the coalition's global effort is shown as well as the organisation, equipment and armament of the two main Marine units: British 3rd Commando Brigade Royal Marines and American 15th Marine Expeditionary Unit. The paper describes the planning and operation before the outbreak of war and military operations of the 3rd Commando Brigade between 2Oth and 28th March 2003. In the conclusion the author shows the most important experiences gained by the presented operation and its influence upon accomplishing the sea landings in future expeditionary missions.
14
Content available remote Przerzut, rozmieszczenie i działania sił koalicji w trakcie operacji "Iracka Wolność"
Hasiuk M.
Zeszyty Naukowe AON
|
2004
|
nr 3(56)A Numer specjalny
262-272
EN
The article deals with an important and interesting issue from the methodological and practical point of view, i.e. the art of operations of preparing and conduct the last war campaign “Iraqi Freedom”. The article presents briefly characteristic features of Iraq and Iraqi armed forces. The author describes the location and transfer of the Coalition forces to the Gulf, presents the plan of conducting the operation and its course. He raises issu connected with the genesis, basic aims and assumptions of the operation “Iraqi Freedom".
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