Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Gazownictwo miejskie na terenie województwa poznańskiego w okresie międzywojennym

Urbaniak Miron

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

|

2021

|

T. 66, nr 4

191--211

EN

Established in 1919, the Poznań Province covered almost entirely the former Prussian Poznań Province (Provinz Posen) and initially comprised 118 cities, which decreased to 101 in 1938. On the eve of World War I, as many as 80 out of 129 cities had gas in Provinz Posen, and nearly 1/4 of them were supplied with gas from miniature gasoline gas plants. In the wake of World War I and immediately after its end, most small gasoline plants and numerous coal gas plants were shut down and eventually permanently closed down. In total, almost all gasoline and one acetylene gas plant (19 in total), as well as five coal plants, went bankrupt in the Interwar period. Of the latter type, there was a plant in Czempiń, which was shut down only around 1938, after the town was electrified. Ujście is another addition to the list, as it ceased to supply gas from Schneidemühl (Piła) in the mid-1930s. Ultimately, in 1939, gas was used in 43 out of 101 cities in the Province, which was also due to the fact that some of the gas-supplied cities had been moved to the Pomeranian Province a year before. In the Interwar period, several key factors influencing the gasworks in Greater Poland can be observed: the aforementioned liquidation of many gas plants and the transition from gas to electricity in many cities; reconstruction and relaunching of some coal gas plants; and - finally - modernization, combined with optimization of technological processes and expansion of existing gas plants. In the case of several cities, i.e. Międzychód, Nakło nad Notecią and Strzelno, the problem of communalization of plants owned by private German companies should also be noted, as well as Polish-German cooperation in terms of gas supply to the Polish Ujście gas plant from Schneidemühl (Piła).

2

“Conservative Progression”. The influence of the Modern Movement on Hungarian architectural education during the interwar period

Karácsony Rita, Vukoszávlyev Zorán

Architecturae et Artibus

|

2019

|

Vol. 11, no. 3

42--53

EN

The influence of the Modern Movement was increasingly felt in Hungary from the end of the 1920s. As time passed, architectural education also needed to respond to these changes. How did the professors, who designed in historical styles, react to the new situation, and how did the students respond? Who were the people who first stimulated interest in modern architecture, and who did they inspire? What kind of institutional or structural modifications did all these initiatives bring about at the Architectural Faculty of Budapest Technical University? There are three noteworthy episodes in the history of introducing modern approaches at the Faculty. The first event of great significance was the establishment of the Department of General Building Design in 1922 besides the three long-standing historical departments: the Departments of Ancient, Middle and Modern Ages. This began a disengagement with the era of historicism. However, students in the older years continued to receive their design assignments from the historical departments, and were expected to design in historical styles taught by the professors. Thus architectural education could be considered conservative even by the end of the 1920s. On the other hand, some students were able to bring progressive modernism directly to the University. At the student exhibition held in 1927, a few “brave” drawings independent of any department appeared among the designs in historical styles. These included a design by György Rácz inspired by Le Corbusier that was showcased thanks to the curator, a student named György Masirevich. Farkas Molnár – who returned from the Bauhaus school – submitted a design influenced by modern German architecture. Within a few years Masirevich, Rácz and Molnár joined CIAM, and then its subgroup: CIRPAC. It was not only students, but also some professors who played an indisputable role in ushering in modern architecture, even if their work and teaching methods could generally be regarded as examples of “conservative progression”. The third and most important date of the investigated period was 1930, when architectural education began to be given high priority. That year another student exhibition was organised by a professor, Iván Kotsis, which was linked to the 12th International Congress of Architects held in Budapest. Plans designed by students in the modern spirit constituted the majority at that exhibition. It was in the same year that professor Hültl as the Rector of the University voiced his opinion on modern architecture: according to him, modernism should not be used for certain types of buildings; however, he did not want to oppose all new directions in architecture. This duality of approach can well be detected in his private practice. Therefore it was the so-called “other modern” rather than progressive modernism that became institutionalized at the Faculty due to the influence of some professors whose aim was to comply better with local circumstances and materials. To achieve this it was indispensable to get the knowledge of the past, so teaching history of architecture remained a significant part of the curriculum. It was Professor Kotsis and his colleagues who laid out this path and their heritage was still prevalent after WWII.

3

Między tradycją i modernizmem. Architektura szkół lubelskich okresu międzywojnia

Błotnicka-Mazur Elżbieta

Teka Komisji Architektury, Urbanistyki i Studiów Krajobrazowych

|

2016

|

T. 12, nr 4

34--44

PL

W artykule zostały przedstawione projekty wybranych szkół, powstałe w Lublinie w okresie międzywojennym. Przeanalizowano ich formę, zmieniającą się wraz z przemianami trendów stylistycznych, popularnych w tym czasie w architekturze polskiej, począwszy od tradycjonalizmu, popularnego w pierwszej połowie lat 20., przez stopniowe upraszczanie formy i detalu końca lat 20., po obiekty reprezentujące dojrzały modernizm od połowy lat 30. XX wieku.

EN

: The paper presents architectural plans of selected school buildings, designed during the interwar period in Lub - lin. Their architectural style is characterized by changes typical for tendencies present in Polish architecture at the moment: from traditionalism, popular in the 1st half of the 1920s, through gradual simplification of the detail and the shape of the building in the 2nd half of the 1920s, up to mature modernism of the 2nd half of the 1930s.

4

Architektura sakralna Opola w okresie dwudziestolecia międzywojennego

Przesmycka Elżbieta, Kania Joanna, Jabłoński Wojciech

Teka Komisji Architektury, Urbanistyki i Studiów Krajobrazowych

|

2016

|

T. 12, nr 4

51--61

PL

Z powodu dynamicznego wzrostu ludności miasta niezbędne okazało się wybudowanie nowych osiedli mieszkaniowych i towarzyszących im obiektów użyteczności publicznej. Do XX wieku na terenie Opola znajdowało się jedynie pięć świątyń katolickich, które nie były w stanie pomieścić powiększającej się ilości wiernych. W związku z tym w okresie dwudzie - stolecia międzywojennego na terenie Opola wybudowano cztery kościoły. W poniższym artykule przedstawiono rozwiązania przestrzenne kościołów pw. św. Piotra i Pawła, pw. Najświętszego Serca Pana Jezusa, św. Józefa oraz św. Michała Archanioła.

EN

Due to the dynamic growth of the population of the city, it was necessary to build new housing estates and as - sociated public facilities. Up to the 20th century there were only five Catholic churches in Opole, which were unable to host the growing number of people. Accordingly there were built four churches in Opole during the interwar period. The following article presents spatial solutions of St. Peter and Paul, Sacred Heart of Jesus, St. Joseph and St. Archangel Michael churches

5

How to study mathematics – the manual for Warsaw University 1st year students in the interwar period

Bartnicka K.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Nauki Podstawowe

|

2015

|

Y. 112, iss. 2-NP

13--32

EN

In 1926 and in 1930, members of Mathematics and Physics Students’ Club of the Warsaw University published the guidance for the first year students. These texts would help the freshers in constraction of the plans and course of theirs studies in the situation of so called “free study”.

PL

W 1926 r. i w 1930 r. Koło Naukowe Matematyków i Fizyków Studentów Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego opublikowało poradnik dla studentów pierwszego roku matematyki. Są to teksty, które pomagały pierwszoroczniakom w racjonalnym skonstruowaniu planu i toku ich studiów w warunkach tzw. „wolnego stadium”.