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2 Kośmicki E.

2 2001

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Uwarunkowania zachowania różnorodności biologicznej

Kośmicki E.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

2001

nr 2

183--199

Trzecia rewolucja przemysłowa wywarła ogromny wpływ na biosferę. Dochodzi do zagrożenia życia biologicznego na Ziemi. Współcześnie pojawia się kategoria różnorodności biologicznej jako podstawowa kategoria biologiczna, traktowana niekiedy jako synonim procesów ewolucyjnych w przyrodzie. Działalność człowieka prowadzi do szybkiego zmniejszania różnorodności biologicznej, a człowiek prowadzi wprost do "katastrofy przyrody". Odpowiedzialny jest on coraz bardziej za istniejącą jeszcze przyrodę, a ostatecznym celem ochrony przyrody staje się utrzymanie naturalnych procesów ewolucyjnych. Działalność człowieka w przyrodzie osiąga obecnie zakres wielkich katastrof w historii życia na Ziemi. Zdaniem autora, działania ochronne powinny koncentrować się na kilku płaszczyznach (lokalna i regionalna, narodowa, europejska i globalna). Przy tym wyższa płaszczyzna powinna jedynie umożliwiać działania na niższej, zgodnie z zasadą subsydiarności .

The third industrial revolution began after the end of the World War II but it only reached its peak during the last two decades. Economy is gaining more and more global dimension and it is more and more often based on continuous application of modem technologies and maximisation of productivity. Contemporary societies are often referred to as global hazard societies and the threats to biological diversity and forests are among the most serious global environmental threats. Man's main responsibility now is the protection of biosphere i.e. the preservation of biological diversity that is the basis of evolutionary processes. Hence, man's activities have to account for the so-called biological imperatives i.e. the prerequisites of the biosphere preservation. The activities of the contemporary man in natural environment are compared to great natural catastrophes in the history of the life on the Earth. The concept of biological diversity has appeared in the literature rather late since it became the concern of larger group of scientists only at the beginning of the nineteen eighties. It became known all over the world as a symbol of a threat to all living nature, including the humankind. At present nature conservation is rather related with preservation of natural evolutionary processes and it is a dynamic process. Activities aimed at nature conservation should be carried out simultaneously on many levels (local and regional, national, European and global) and the scope of such activities should be determined by the principles of subsidiarity and sustainable development.

Conditioning of biodiversity preservation

Kośmicki E.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

2001

nr 3

173--188

The third industrial revolution has seriously affected the biosphere. Now we have to face a real threat to the life on the Earth. There even appeared the new category of biological diversity as the fundamental biological category which is sometimes treated as a synonym of evolutionary processes in nature. Man's activities lead to a significant reduction of biological diversity and in consequence to a "natural catastrophe". On the other hand, it is man who is responsible for nature conservation, whereas the ultimate aim of nature conservation is to preserve the evolutionary processes. At the present moment our activities in the biosphere seem to resemble great catastrophes in the history of the life on the Earth. Hence, the need of protective activities on several levels (local and regional, national, European and global), with the higher level facilitating the activities undertaken on the lower level in accordance with the principle of "subsidiarity".