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The ecological risk of contamination with toxic metals in soils around the Trepça complex, the Kosovo thermal power plants, and a New Co Ferronickeli complex

Zuzaku Islam, Dhimitri Jostina, Sadiku Makfire, Halili Jeton, Ismajli Betim, Demaku Skender

Environment Protection Engineering

2023

Vol. 49, nr 2

5--17

Toxic waste, soil, and ash samples were collected in the landfill (solid environmental hot spots) near the Trepça complex, New Co Ferronickeli, and Kosovo thermal power plants. They were analyzed by the ICP-OES method to measure the concentration of some toxic metals. The pollutant with the highest mean concentration (in an acidic medium) was Fe (36 400.0), followed by Mn (8683.0), Cr (6575.0), As (4739.0), Pb (3364.0), Zn (2394.0), Ni (922.6), Cu (297.6), Co (46.6), and Cd (61.8) (all concentrations in mg/kg). Three pollution indices were used such as the geoaccumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CFi), and pollution load index (PLI). The CFi values determined for Fe, Mn, Cr, As, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu, Co, and Cd indicated high contamination. In all soil samples, the PLI values showed the presence of soil pollution.

Sources of anthropogenic contamination of soil in the Upper Silesian Agglomeration (southern Poland)

Pasieczna Anna, Konon Agnieszka Anna, Nadłonek Weronika

Geological Quarterly

2020

Vol. 64, No. 4

988--1003

This assessment of the environmental degradation by toxic chemical elements within the Upper Silesian Industrial Agglomeration of Poland encompasses the impact of mining for base metals and coal and non-ferrous metalurgy, as well as the discharge of industrial and municipal sewage causing strong degradation of the natural environment in the area over the years. The content of the following elements: Ag, Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sn, Sr, Ti, V and Zn has been assessed both in the topsoil (0.0-0.3 m) and the subsoil (0.8-1.0 m) of the study area. Concentrations of the elements in the <2 mm soil fraction were analysed using the ICP-OES method after Aqua regia extraction. The soil contamination was assessed based on the enrichment factor (EF) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo). The tests revealed elevated contents of several metals, arsenic and sulphur, exceeding the regional geochemical background levels. Unusually high concentrations of the following elements: As (up to 5,300 mg/kg), Cd (up to 388.8 mg/kg), Cr (up to 1,638 mg/kg), Cu (up to 13,230 mg/kg), Hg (up to 23.44 mg/kg), Mo (up to 93.7 mg/kg), Pb (up to 54,940 mg/kg), Sn (up to 701 mg/kg) and Zn (up to 88,120 mg/kg) were recorded. The highest concentrations of these elements were found in the proximity of smelters and residential areas. The spatial distribution of metals is shown as interpolated data on maps and compared with the locations of mining and industrial sites.

Risk analysis of accumulation of heavy metals from sewage sludge in soil from the sewage treatment plant in Starachowice

Kowalik Robert, Gawdzik Jarosław, Gawdzik Barbara

Structure and Environment

2019

Vol. 11, no. 4

287--295

Sewage sludge from sewage treatment plants has important soil-forming and fertilizing properties. However, they cannot always be used for this purpose. One of the main reasons why sludge cannot be used for natural purposes is its heavy metal content. Sewage sludge from the treatment plant in Starachowice has been subjected to an analysis of the potential risk of heavy metals, especially in terms of their mobility and geoaccumulation. The calculations were made for the concentrations of heavy metals in sewage sludge taken from the treatment plant in Starachowice and in arable soil from the measurement point at the place of its potential use. Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and potential ecological risk index (PERI) were calculated. The analysis of the results shows that although the geo-accumulation index and the level of potential ecological risk are high and dangerous in terms of agricultural or natural use of sediments, the percentage of metals has been recorded mainly in the immobile fraction from which they will not get into the soil.

Osady ściekowe z oczyszczalni ścieków mają istotne właściwości glebotwórcze i nawozowe. Nie zawsze jednak mogą być one wykorzystywane do tego celu. Jedną z głównych przyczyn, dla których nie można wykorzystać osadów na cele przyrodnicze, jest zawartość w nich metali ciężkich. Osady ściekowe z oczyszczalni w Starachowicach zostały poddane analizie potencjalnego zagrożenia metalami ciężkimi, zwłaszcza pod względem ich mobilności i geoakumulacji. Obliczenia wykonano dla stężeń metali ciężkich w osadach ściekowych pobranych z oczyszczalni w Starachowicach oraz w glebie ornej z punktu pomiarowego w miejscu ich potencjalnego wykorzystania. Obliczono wskaźnik geoakumulacji (Igeo) oraz potencjalny wskaźnik ryzyka ekologicznego (PERI). Na podstawie analizy wyników można stwierdzi, iż pomimo że wskaźnik geokumulacji oraz poziom potencjalnego ryzyka ekologicznego są wysokie i niebezpieczne pod kątem rolniczego bądź przyrodniczego wykorzystania osadów, to udział procentowy metali odnotowano głównie we frakcji niemobilnej, z której nie będą one przedostawać się do gleby.