Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Opening of offshore oil business in Mexico and associated framework to cope with potential maritime security threats

Ávila-Zúñiga-Nordfjeld A., Dalaklis D.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2018

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Vol. 12, no. 1

173--179

EN

After 75 years of State oil monopoly, Mexico performed the first business oil round in 2015 involving the private sector. This auction-round offered 14 oil exploration fields located on the continental shelf to private companies. The development and exploitation of these hydrocarbon fields faces significant challenges regarding security. The economic loss for theft of hydrocarbons through illegal connections to pipelines is estimated to 973 million, 125 thousand U.S. dollar, only for the year of 2014. While productive research has been made, it has mainly focused on transportation systems and basically, pipelines. The development and establishment of policies prioritizing maritime security and protection of critical offshore infrastructure against theft of hydrocarbons, drugs organizations and terror attacks needs to be included in the national agenda to improve maritime security and mitigate potential security threats at sea, including damage to the marine environment. This could increase the trust of investors and stakeholders and would contribute to the faster development of new exploration and production fields. While the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS Code) is the cornerstone for the construction of the port's security program and establishes the requirements of the Port Facility Security Plan (PFSP), including oil port facilities, it has not been fully implemented in several important Mexican ports. It is concluded that some important ports lack many of the core security processes, procedures and controls that should be included in any PFSP. This article briefly reviews the situation of the oil industry from a security perspective and discusses key elements of maritime security; addressing the necessity of the inclusion of maritime security and protection of critical oil infrastructure offshore in the national agenda that would provide for future research directions in the maritime security domain and contribute to the establishment of a national maritime security policy.

2

Implementation and Compliance of the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code in Mexico: A literature Review and Selected Issues

Ávila‐Zúñiga‐Nordfjeld A., Dalaklis D.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2018

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Vol. 12, no. 2

363--373

EN

This paper provides a literature review of the state of the art on implementation and compliance of the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS Code), for the case of Mexico. This investigation was initially oriented solely towards Mexico, but due to the absence of research within this subject for the referred country the review had to be done through subcategories with the conditional connection of Mexico and relevant issues were selected. The primary data confirmed the absence of research within this subject in Mexico. The secondary data, were other words related to the ISPS Code were used for the search, allowed for a wider geographical coverage and an expanded on general bases the scope of analysis, since ten (10) different academic databases were exploited. The literature review from an author-centric approach is initially presented; then, it is used as the basis to further develop (and examine) the concept-centric approach, through eight selected categories. The careful screening of literature, constructed on specific concepts, allowed the identification of cross fertilization of such concepts in the respective fields. It is observed that the research efforts focused on the ISPS Code and the development of a Port Facility Security Plan (PFSP) have an integrated perspective, where the categories of terrorism and counterterrorism, as well as maritime security management and the issue of port security have a strong interaction and dominant status. The results demonstrate the limited number of academic contributions in these areas from America Central and South America in relation to other parts of the globe, as well as the total absence of research efforts about the ISPS Code in Mexico. In the scientific contributions on the subject were Mexico is included; it is in reference to isolated cases of armed robbery, drugs organizations or proliferation of crime on general bases, but not regarding the ISPS Code itself. The absence of scientific research on this area for the specific country might also be related to the lack of a national maritime security policy and a poor maritime security culture as the authors have pointed out in other contributions.

3

Methodology for identification of potential threats and ship operations as a part of ship security assessment

Prill K., Szymczak M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2016

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nr 48 (120)

176--181

EN

This paper presents the development of a methodology for the identification of possible intentional threats and key ship operations that may be significant for a ship’s security assessment, carried out by a Company Security Officer. The applicable international and domestic legal regulations regarding ship security systems are here analysed. Key factors and parameters that may provide support for the proper identification of realistic threats are also identified, giving practical relevance to this paper. The information reported here may be of support to those responsible for the development and revision of a ship’s security assessment as it addresses an important part of the maintenance of navigational safety of ship operations under the provisions of the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code – ISPS Code.

4

The Positive Implications for the Application of the International Ship & Port Facility Security and its Reflects on Saudi’s Ports

Elentably A.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2014

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Vol. 8, no. 2

255--266

EN

The research paper summed up on the requirements of the application code security and safety of ships and ports (ISPS) and the technical aspects necessary for the application by the Saudi marine Ports. The requirements of the international code of safety and security of ships and ports such as: - Additional tasks to be undertaken by port management - Activities and tasks that will port authorities - The impact of the elements of the maritime transport - Application and amendments to the deck - Government requirements - Special requirements for the management of ships - Application optimized for the requirements of the code ,Also interested in the research paper the mechanism of how to put these requirements into effect and the positive impact associated with the application. And also the requirements of the bridge on the ship ,beside clarification of the interconnections between the parties to the transfer process, such as administration of the commercial maritime fleet operations, control to the owners and how the administrative process for the crew to apply the appropriate code on the deck of ships and mutual relations with the insurance and chartering operations as well as the role of the port facility, to arrived How can the ports of Saudi Arabia to benefit from the positive application of code requirements and to enable these requirements with the parties to the process of maritime transport.

5

Ochrona bezpieczeństwa transportu morskiego

Wawruch R.

Logistyka

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2014

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nr 3

6608--6617

PL

Artykuł prezentuje zakres Międzynarodowego kodeksu ochrony statku i obiektu portowego (Kodeksu ISPS) i przyczyny jego wprowadzenia przez Międzynarodową Organizację Morską (IMO). Wskazuje na potrzebę objęcia postanowieniami kodeksu, w pewnych sytuacjach, wszystkich statków i elementów łańcucha dostaw do portów i terminali morskich, stosując do tego celu normy przyjęte przez Międzynarodową Organizację ds. Normalizacji (ISO).

EN

Paper presents scope of the International Code for the Security of Ships and Port Facilities (ISPS Code) and reasons of its adoption by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO). It indicates the need for the coverage by the provisions of the code, in certain situations, all vessels and all elements of the supply chain to the maritime ports and terminals, using for this purpose standards adopted by the International Organization for Standardisation (ISO).

6

Terroryzm morski zagrożeniem współczesnych portów morskich

Wardin K.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej

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2011

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R. 52 nr 186A

343--362

PL

Porty morskie mają bardzo istotny udział w międzynarodowych morsko-lądowych łańcuchach transportowych oraz duży wpływ na efektywność handlu zagranicznego. Ponieważ również silnie oddziałują na regionalną gospodarkę i społeczeństwo, mogą być miejscem szczególnie narażonym na różnego rodzaju zagrożenia ich bezpieczeństwa. Do zagrożeń często pomijanych w XXI wieku jest zaliczany terroryzm morski. Ze względu na niewielką liczbę dotychczasowych ataków terroryzmu morskiego jest to sposób wręcz niedostrzegany przez specjalistów. Należy Jednak pamiętać, że terroryści w swoich działaniach niejednokrotnie sięgali już po metody, które wręcz szokowały społeczeństwo międzynarodowe, nie można więc jednoznacznie stwierdzić, że la forma nie zostanie użyta przy kolejnym ataku terrorystycznym. Artykuł przedstawia potencjalne metody przeprowadzenia takiego ataku na port morski i jego infrastrukturę oraz rozwiązania Kodeksu ISPS jako metodę przeciwdziałania terroryzmowi morskiemu.

EN

Seaports contribute a lot to the international maritime transport chains and have a huge impact on the efficiency of foreign trade. They also strongly affect the regional economy and society, 50 for this reason they may be the place of different kinds of vulnerable risk to their safety. The risk, which is often overlooked in the 21st century, is maritime terrorism. Due to the small number of maritime terrorist attacks in the past, this is the way of terrorism often not considered as important by specialists. However, it should be remembered that terrorists in its activities used methods that shocked international society for this reason organizing a terrorist attack on any port should be considered as very possible. The article presents a potential method of carrying out such attacks on a port and its infrastructure and solutions of the ISPS code as a method for counter-terrorism and maritime security.

7

Assessment of ISPS Code Compliance at Ports Using Cognitive Maps

Celik M., Ilker-Topcu Y.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2010

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Vol. 4, no. 3

359--362

EN

International ship and port facility security (ISPS) Code was developed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) as an execution framework to ensure high level of security measures applicable to ships and port facilities. Besides contributions of ISPS Code towards security improvement, additional bureaucracy (i.e. documentation, certification, training, expenses etc.) and serious shortfalls have appeared dur-ing implementation process. This paper explores the ISPS Code practice at ports based on cognitive mapping approach. The outcomes of this research can be proposed to international maritime authorities in order to enhance the existing concept and regulatory compliances of the ISPS Code in respect to industrial feedback.