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1
Content available Understanding the interrelation between the Safety of Life at Sea Convention and Certain IMO’s Code
Guevara D., Dalaklis D.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
|
2021
|
Vol. 15 No. 2
381--389
EN
Over the last few decades, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has very heavily utilized the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974 Convention as the main legal instrument (and implementation tool) concerning safety at sea for merchant vessels engaged in international trade. During this more than a century of existence and continuous improvement of the Convention, wide-ranging safety risks have been addressed via SOLAS and certain relevant “supporting” Codes, covering for example the issues of design, construction and equipment of ships, as well as paving the way for the introduction of a structured framework of operational procedures that ensures a high level of professional performance for the crew onboard those seagoing vessels (the International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention-ISM Code) and even including human factors topics. Until this point in time, the IMO has developed the SOLAS Convention with fourteen (14) chapters that are covering all the main risks associated with shipping operations and are working in parallel with other related Conventions and Codes to enhance the level of safety at sea, under a holistic approach that is working under the principle of interrelation. This paper aims to briefly discuss SOLAS’ history of development and highlight just a few of those important risks that this Convention is addressing, with certain emphasis on the topic of “safety of navigation”. Apart from helping to understand the way this Convention and other IMO’s legal instruments are interrelated, it will also provide a few educated guesses about the “upcoming” challenges that in the near future should also be included into the scope of the SOLAS, with the topic of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MAAS) clearly standing out.
2
Content available Integration model of management systems in Sea Transport
Chruzik K.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
|
2020
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Vol. 14, no. 2
393--396
EN
Dynamically implemented mandatory management systems resulting from legal requirements in maritime transport since 2006 [1-3], very often (especially in the first years of implementing the requirements) functioned independently by the optional procedural approach - ISO [4-5]. It is now common practice to integrate requirements in both - the mandatory and voluntary areas. Legal requirements and recommendations do not define and recommend a specific form of extending existing management systems. The publication describes the relationship between the requirements for the management systems currently applicable in maritime transport resulting from legal requirements (Safety Management System - SMS) and voluntary implementations (Quality Management and Environmental Management System). The common areas identified for the analysis of system requirements (for obligatory and optional systems) will facilitate the integration and broadening of the management culture in maritime transport organizations.
3
Content available Information flow in maritime safety management systems
Graboń-Chałupczak M.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
|
2020
|
Vol. 14. no. 3
637--640
EN
The priority of the maritime transport operation is a high level of security, which must be constantly monitored by shipowners with a security management system. The origin of the International Code for the Management of Safe Ship Operations and Pollution Prevention and the revised guidelines for the administration of the ISM Code by administrations, the first formal mandatory standard for safety management and pollution prevention goes back to the early 1980s. Arrangement of safe ship management and operation and consequent minimization of errors human being by far the most common cause of marine disasters is its main. The shipowner's and ship's certification procedure for the Safety Management System (SMS) is in line with Regulation (EC) No 336/2006 [1] of the European Parliament and the Council of Europe of 15 February 2006 on the implementation of the ISM Code in the Community, together with the Commission's amendment European Union of June 16, 2008. The documentation contains a developed Safety Management System adapted to the conditions of a given shipowner. All elements of the system must be documented, and, above all, the duties must be described in the organizational structures. Documentation must indicate how management supervises activities at various levels, employee participation and individual management representatives in individual processes, and how the safety management system is constantly improved. The shipowner maintains a security management system in line with the requirements of the Code and complies with the requirements of the certification system. The amount of information and the speed of changes taking place in the environment makes it necessary to introduce a system of information management and channels of their flow not only within the organization, but also in communication with third parties. Proper management of information resources increases the efficiency and effectiveness of the system. In the publication, the possibility of a formalized description of information flow in a well-functioning shipowner's safety management system.
4
Content available ISM code on vessels with or without impact on a number of incidents threats
Herdzik Jerzy
Journal of KONES
|
2019
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Vol. 26, No. 2
53--59
EN
It was presented short analysis of connection ISM Code on vessels on the number of incidents threats. Introduced into force ISM Code in 1998 and 2002 (contained in chapter 9 of SOLAS Convention) as obligatory on vessels have had the aim of decreasing the number of injuries, serious injuries, fatalities, other incidents threats and total loses during vessel operation in maritime shipping. The next aim vicariously was improving the maritime safety and prevention of marine pollution from ships. As a result of ship-owner and crew requirements, it should eliminate from shipping market the bad and poor management systems of charterers or ship operators and improper qualified crewmembers. The company and the ship shall comply with the requirements of ISM Code and the company shall have the Document of Compliance (referred to in regulation 4 of ISM Code). After about twenty years when ISM Code was in force some comparisons, conclusions and remarks were presented. It is observed the decreasing number of vessel total losses but other comparisons is not so clear due to different definitions of incident being obligatory in states of flag and different databases in the different Memoranda of Understanding. The influence of introducing ISM Code on maritime shipping is serious in good or bad matters (e.g. the increasing of bureaucracy).
5
Content available Audit as a tool to control the functionality of ships safety management systems
Wojniłko E.
New Trends in Production Engineering
|
2018
|
Vol. 1, Iss. 1
615-621
EN
The aim of this paper is to assess whether audit may be recognised as the evaluation tool for management systems in terms of their functioning and ensuring constant improvement. The paper content refers to the role of both internal and external audit. It also includes a characteristic of an internal auditor as a person directly responsible for efficient and effective audit. A correlation between the management system and the management process based on the guidelines is a subject of the analysis, too. The paper includes also the presentation of the safety management system and ship energy efficiency management systems the implementation of which is obligatory at ships. However, they differ in the methodology of the efficiency assessment. The author analysed the data previously collected and the information obtained during interviews with individuals to whom were delegated the duties in the scope of the both management schemes. The possibility of the using audit as a tool to improve the energy efficiency of ships is also considered hereunder. A proposed solution that may be applied to develop detailed standards in terms of the ship energy efficiency management process is also included.
6
Content available Wpływ czynnika ludzkiego na stan techniczny wyposażenia krytycznego statków i zdarzeń morskich statków w odniesieniu do wymagań międzynarodowego kodeksu zarządzania bezpieczeństwem żeglugi i ochroną środowiska morskiego (Kodeks ISM)
Stachów J.
Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe
|
2018
|
R. 19, nr 12
811--815
PL
W artykule omówiony został wpływ czynnika ludzkiego na awarie wybranych krytycznych urządzeń wyposażenia w aspekcie bezpieczeństwa żeglugi statku. Analiza zdarzeń została przeprowadzona na podstawie wybranych przypadków zdarzeń morskich w odniesieniu do wymagań Kodeksu ISM. W pracy zaprezentowano rezultaty audytów przeprowadzonych w odniesieniu do analizowanych zdarzeń i obiektów. Przedstawiono potrzebę modyfikacji przepisów wymagań Kodeksu ISM pod kątem uwzględnienia elementu wspomagania decyzji ludzkich
EN
The article discusses the impact of the human factor on failures of selected critical equipment in the aspect of ship safety. The analysis of occurrences was carried out on the basis of selected cases of marine incidents in relation to the requirements of the ISM Code. The publication presents the ship audit results which have been carried out in connection to the analyzed incidents and near mis situations at the vessels. The need to modify the provisions of the ISM Code requirements with regard to the element of supporting human decisions was presented.
7
Content available The role of the master in improving safety culture onboard ships
Bielić T., Predovan D., Čulin J.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2017
|
Vol. 11, no. 1
121--124
EN
As a complex socio-technical system marine transportation is open to risks. Due to the efforts of international organisations, flag and port administrations, classification societies and ship-owners the safety record has steadily improved. However, marine accidents resulting from inadequate safety culture still occur. In this paper examples of recent accidents related to different dimensions of safety culture are provided. The role of the master in achieving an enhanced safety is emphasised.
8
Content available International safety management – safety management systems and the challenges of changing a culture
Hanchrow G.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
|
2017
|
Vol. 11, no. 1
125--131
EN
Over the past generation, the ISM code has brought forth tremendous opportunities to investigate and enhance the human factor in shipping through the implementation of Safety Management Systems. One of the critical factors to this implementation has been mandatory compliance and a requirement for obtaining a Document of Compliance (DOC) for vessels operating globally or at least internationally. A primary objective of these systems is to maintain them as “living” or “dynamic” systems that are always evolving. As the ISM code has evolved, there have been instances where large organizations have opted to maintain a voluntary DOC from their respective class society. This has been accomplished with a large human factor element as typically an organizational culture does not always accept change readily especially if there is not a legal requirement to do so. In other words, when considering maritime training is it possible that organizations may represent cultural challenges? The intent of this paper will be to research large maritime operations that have opted for a document of compliance voluntarily and compare them to similar organizations that have been mandated by international law to do the same. The result should be to gain insight into the human factors that must contribute to a culture change in the organization for the purposes of a legal requirement versus the human factors that contribute to a voluntary establishment of a safety management system. This analysis will include both the executive decision making that designs a system implementation and the operational sector that must execute its implementation. All success and failures of education and training can be determined by the outcome. Did the training achieve its goal? Or has the education prepared the students to embrace a new idea in conjunction with a company goal or a new regulatory scheme? In qualifying the goal of a successful ISM integration by examining both mandatory and voluntary ISM implementation in large maritime operations, specifically ferry systems, hopefully we can learn from the various factors that have gone into each.
9
Content available Functionality of Sea Ice Data Sources on the NSR
Pastusiak T.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
|
2016
|
Vol. 10, no. 3
441--450
EN
The functionality of available official sources of sea ice data for the Northern Sea Route to date is low. In recent years a large number of new publicly available sources have appeared. Their functionality for purposes of route planning has yet to be evaluated. This study presents results of qualitative and expert analyses of various sources. It is proposed to use new indicators to enable comparison of functionality of data sources. New sources provide the technical progress that is instrumental in reducing the amount of effort and influence of the human factor in the decision-making system. The study also presents solutions to the problem of limited bandwidth available at high latitudes with Iridium satellite system. Presented solutions can be used on any vessel by any company or navigator to implement or design the decision support system related to route planning in ice in accordance with the requirements of the ISM Code and concept of e-Navigation.
10
Content available remote Symulatory siłowni okrętowych sposobem na poprawę bezpieczeństwa na morzu
Malinowska M., Krefft J., Czmyr S., Zera D., Żołnierczuk K.
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni
|
2015
|
nr 91
114--121
PL
Artykuł dotyczy szkoleń kadry działu maszynowego na symulatorach siłowni okrętowych. Odniesiono się do krajowych i międzynarodowych przepisów morskich regulujących szkolenia na symulatorach w celu zapewnienia bezpiecznej eksploatacji statku. Przedstawiono symulatory różnych producentów, zwracając uwagę na wymogi stawiane placówkom dydaktycznym w zakresie szkolenia na symulatorach, a także korzyści wynikające z ich wykorzystania w kształceniu mechaników okrętowych. Na tej podstawie zaproponowano kierunek dalszego rozwoju symulatorów siłowni okrętowych i związanego z tym szkolenia.
EN
The paper concerns marine engine room simulators, their makers, application and seafarer training. It refers to national and international maritime organizations' regulations. The simulators of different makers have been presented. The attention has been drawn to requirements set up to education maritime institutions. Also benefits which come from using simulators in education process of seafarers were mentioned. It proposes a way of further development of engine room simulators and seafarer training.
11
Content available Nadzór nad zarządzaniem bezpieczną eksploatacją i zapobieganiem zanieczyszczaniu środowiska morskiego na przykładzie ruchomych jednostek górnictwa morskiego - (ISM Code)
Duda D., Królikowski A., Wróbel R., Koszałkowski W.
Górnictwo i Geoinżynieria
|
2011
|
R. 35, z. 4/1
99-108
PL
W pracy dokonano analizy zarządzania bezpieczeństwem opartego na uchwalonym przez IMO rez. A.741(18) Międzynarodowym Kodeksie Zarządzania Bezpieczeństwem, obowiązkowym standardzie zarządzania bezpieczną eksploatacją statków i zapobieganiem zanieczyszczaniu oraz znowelizowanych wytycznych do wdrażania przez Administracje kodeksu ISM (Rez. A. 1022(26)) na przykładzie samopodnośnych morskich platform wiertniczo-produkcyjnych "Baltic Beta" o numerze IMO 8756588 oraz "Petrobaltic" o numerze IMO 8753940. Celem tego kodeksu jest zapewnienie na jak najwyższym poziomie bezpieczeństwa na morzu, zapobieganie nieszczęśliwym wypadkom, utracie życia i mienia, degradacji środowiska w tym środowiska morskiego, a tym samym dążenie do zminimalizowania błędów ludzkich i organizacyjnych (Human and Organisational Errors), które stanowią kilkadziesiąt procent wszystkich wypadków morskich.
EN
The paper deals with the issue of analysis of Safety Management System supported on International Management Code for the Safe operation of ships and for Pollution Prevention and on Revised guidelines on implementation of The International Safety Management (ISM) Code by Administrations Res.A.1022(26), mandatory standard of the Safety Management System on the example of "Baltic Beta" IMO Nr 8756588 and "Petrobaltic" IMO Nr 8753940 Mobile Offshore Drilling Units. The objectives of the Code is to ensure safety at sea, prevention of human accidents, loss of life and investment goods, and avoidance of deterioration of the natural environment, in particular, to the marine environment, it means mostly in practice to minimization of Human and Organizational Errors - (HOE), which are the reason of much percentage of marine accidents.
12
Content available remote Wykorzystanie w eksploatacji i zarządzaniu bezpieczeństwem morskiego statku transportowego procedur wymaganych przez Kodeks ISM
Chuchla Z.
Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Morska w Szczecinie
|
2002
|
nr 65
89-93
PL
Przedstawiono korzyści wynikające ze stosowania procedur, instrukcji i list kontrolnych zalecanych przez Kodeks ISM. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na błędy pojawiające się w tych dokumentach oraz zaproponowano rozwiązanie eliminujące to zjawisko.
EN
The advantages of using the procedures, instructions and check lists recommended by the ISM Code are presented in the paper. Special attention was paid to errors appearing in those documents. A solution is proposed to eliminate such errors.
13
Content available remote Człowiek a bezpieczeństwo żeglugi
Duda D., Śniegocki H., Wawruch R.
Prace Wydziału Nawigacyjnego Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni
|
1998
|
Z. 6
127--145
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