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1
Content available Challenges related to standardization of GNSS/RNSS shipborne equipment by International Maritime Organization (IMO)
Zalewski P., Bergmann M., Wawruch R., Weintrit A.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2023
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Vol. 17 No. 4
863--869
EN
In 2020 several member states initiated at IMO forum (NCSR subcommittee) a process to create a single set of generic performance standards consolidating all existing performance standards for shipborne satellite navigation system receiver equipment without creating any new requirements. After over 4 years the resultant generic framework for GNSS/RNSS subsystems has not been adopted yet and awaits further amendments. Analysis of the proposed standards with stress on harmonization issues of the existing, IMO recognized, global and regional navigation satellite systems and the expected impact of these generic standards of satellite navigation receivers on the maritime user are presented in this paper. Additionally the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats awaiting maritime or shipborne GNSS/RNSS equipment standardization process are outlined in the paper.
2
Content available Time to revise the IMO’s guidance on good practice for the use of electronic chart display and information system (ECDIS)
Weintrit A.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2022
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Vol. 16 No. 3
523--531
EN
In the course of developing the publication "Recommendations on usage of ECDIS and preventing incidents" [19] by members of the Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF), they have identified the importance of sharing information on a malfunction of an ECDIS. The problem was discussed in the forum of the International Maritime Organization (IMO). As a consequence, there was a necessity to modify the IMO’s ECDIS – Guidance for Good Practice. This guidance is intended to assist smooth implementation of ECDIS and its ongoing safe and effective use on board ships. In the new version of this document (second revision), new important terms appear, such as: type approval authority (TAA), type approval certificate (TAC), letter of acceptance (LOA), declaration of conformity (DOC). In this article, the author tries to present the problem and describe the actions taken by the appropriate IMO bodies.
3
Content available Revision of the IMO’s performance standards for ECDIS. Three versions of performance standards in use
Weintrit A.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2022
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Vol. 16 No. 4
675--683
EN
Traditional marine navigation methods are replaced by new solutions that use computers. Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS) are mandatory almost on every vessel [24],[25]. ECDIS not complying with regulations is an existing problem and a hazard for seafarers and the marine environment. But unfortunately, there is a deficit or even lack of procedures for checking whether ECDIS meets related performance standards. Regulatory bodies of the maritime industry are now contemplating how to tackle this blunder [1]. SOLAS regulations V/18 and V/19 [24], requires that in order to achieve chart carriage requirements (in terms of SOLAS Convention), the ECDIS equipment must conform to the relevant IMO performance standards. ECDIS units on board of the ships are required to comply with one of three performance standards (either IMO resolution A.817(19) [18], as amended [19],[20], or resolution MSC.232(82)) [21], or resolution MSC.530(106) [23], depending on the date of their installation. In this article, the author tries to explain the differences in these three documents. Along with technological progress, the equipment becomes more and more advanced and technologically sophisticated. This applies to both hardware, software and databases. ECDIS software developers should use the right tools, including incorporate automated self-tests into their products and shipping companies should employ maintenance strategies to improve ECDIS compliance [1], taking into account that time is running quickly.
4
Content available Analysis of the form of presentation of graphic-tracked target data – sectors of dangerous courses
Juszkiewicz W.
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
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2018
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nr 53 (125)
68--73
EN
At present, providing a clear presentation of the navigational situation around a navigator’s own ship (OS) is one of the most important issues facing device manufacturers. Integration of navigational devices on the bridge has made it possible to transfer information and present it in the form chosen by the navigator screen. However, this may cause a decrease in the clarity of information and hamper its interpretation. The ability to select the best information, and that which is most needed at a given moment, depends on navigator proficiency. Vectors are still the basic form of the graphic presentation of radar-tracked object data. However, the ability to track more objects at the same time in crowded areas results in a decrease in readability and can cause errors. This article introduces the possibility of presenting information about collision danger in the form of Dangerous Courses Sectors (DCS) together with an analysis of changes in these during typical ship encounter situations. DCS are calculated on the base of Dangerous Passing Areas (DPA) as bearings on the marginal points of these areas.
5
Content available The Risk of Collision Assessment with Grapphic Forms of Target Data Presentation Use
Juszkiewicz W.
Annual of Navigation
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2018
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No. 25
27--39
EN
Guarantee of the ship safety is the primary task posed for modern navigation systems. This concerns monitoring the proper ship position as well as providing accurate information about the collision threat. The proper interpretation of this information belongs to the navigator. He must take into account many variables affecting the assessment of the situation and then make the right decision regarding anti-collision manoeuvres. This assessment could be made easier for him with use some form of graphic target data presentation methods other than currently required and described in IMO performance standards. Other possible graphic presentation methods of collision information are described in the article along with the concept of their usage.
PL
Podstawowym zadaniem stawianym przed nowoczesnymi systemami nawigacyjnymi jest zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa statku. Dotyczy to zarówno konieczności właściwej kontroli pozycji statku jak i dostarczenia rzetelnej informacji o zagrożeniu kolizyjnym. Właściwa interpretacja tej informacji należy do nawigatora. Musi on uwzględnić wiele zmiennych czynników mających wpływ na ocenę sytuacji, a następnie podjąć właściwą decyzję odnośnie podejmowanych manewrów antykolizyjnych. Możliwość zastosowania innej formy graficznej prezentacji informacji niż wymagana obecnie przez przepisy może ułatwić mu taka ocenę. W artykule przedstawione zostały inne sposoby graficznej prezentacji informacji kolizyjnej wraz z koncepcją ich wykorzystania.
6
Content available Verification of the accuracy requirements for relative course and closest point of approach
Juszkiewicz W.
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
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2016
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nr 45 (117)
108--113
EN
Closest point of approach (CPA) is a basic factor taken into consideration for risk assessment during the meeting of two ships at sea. Navigators should use radars with automatic target tracking for collision avoidance and should know the accuracy to which radar data are calculated. Basic information about these requirements can be found in IMO resolutions. The currently binding document for devices manufactured after 2008 is IMO Resolution MSC.192(79). But there are two independent requirements for relative motion. One of these refers to relative motion parameters (relative course and speed) and the other one to the value that is the result of this motion (CPA). The other important document is Standard 62388. This specifies the minimum operational and performance requirements, methods of testing and the required test results published by IEC and also refers to radar equipment. However, this standard is not so popular in different publications focusing on radar equipment, so these requirements were not analyzed in the article. The main problem described in this paper refers to the mutual consistency of IMO Resolution requirements. The results of simulations and their analysis are presented.
7
Content available Verification of automatic drift calculation accuracy using an automatic radar plotting aid
Juszkiewicz W., Nowy A.
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
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2016
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nr 46 (118)
88--94
EN
One consideration required in the resolution concerning radar and automatic radar plotting aid (ARPA) equipment is the possibility of an automatic drift calculation being realized in the base of fixed target tracking. This information is very important to providing safe navigation, especially in restricted areas. This paper presents an analysis of the present regulations contained in IMO resolutions and the results of an experiment conducted in the ARPA simulator. The aim of the simulations was to verify the reliability of the information presented on the ARPA display and to determine the accuracy of the automatic drift calculation implemented in the simulator.
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