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Integrating Earth observation IMINT with OSINT data to create added-value multisource intelligence information: A case study of the Ukraine–Russia war

Kotaridis Ioannis, Benekos Georgios

Security and Defence Quarterly

2023

Vol. 43, No. 3

1--21

The Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022 heralded a new “social media war” era. This “hybrid warfare” extends beyond the military landscape and includes attacks in cyberspace and fake news with the aim of destabilising governments. The goal of this paper is to present a high-level of architecture based on imagery intelligence (IMINT) and geospatial intelligence (GEOINT) using geographic datasets and state-of-the-art methods. Integration with intelligence information (like Open-Source Intelligence [OSINT]) produces multiintelligent knowledge for security and defence decision-making end users. The results depict a harmonious and creative collaboration between IMINT, OSINT, and GEOINT. OSINT data helps to identify and describe the meteorological conditions that are present, contributing to the procedure’s responsiveness. Weather and dense cloud cover above Ukraine poses a challenge for optical imaging satellites, but synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensor satellites can operate at night and overcome the problem. We carried out OSINT and IMINT analysis, monitoring the situation shortly after the invasion. OSINT data helped in the choice of an appropriate area of interest. Using the right Earth observation satellite system and artificial intelligence/machine learning algorithms is the best way to keep an eye on many different sites over long periods, send out alerts about unusual activity, and find new places where incoherent changes might be happening.

Proces wywiadowczy. Cz. 1

Minkina M.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

2011

nr 1(82)

91-115

Within intelligence profession, intelligence means different things to many people, depending upon their functions, roles and perspectives. The term is applied to the product resulting from the processing of information concerning foreign nations, other hostile target and areas of military operations as well as institutions and certain kind of activities. Here it is called the process referred to the intelligence cycle. The cycle describes the basic process which gives the form and context to intelligence activity. In its simplest form the intelligence cycle is described as a four-stage process beginning with the articulation of requirements by a consumer – policy maker, governmental administration or military commander and his staff. Next comes the collection of information related to the requirements, then analysis of the raw information that produces the final intelligence. The last stage is the dissemination of the product to the original requester or other interested and authorized consumers. The articulation of the requirements is the most important part of the process and it is seldom as simple as it might seem. That requirement must be translated into a form that is susceptible to collection by a given collection field (intelligence source) - HUMINT, SIGINT, IMINT, MASINT, OSINT. The collection refers to the gathering of raw data, through espionage, technical means, and exploitation of open sources.