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Application of industrial internet of things (IIoT) in the packaging industry in Poland

Paliwoda Beata, Górna Justyna, Biegańska Marta, Wójcicki Krzysztof

LogForum

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2023

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Vol. 19, no. 1

57--93

EN

Background: This paper explains the concept of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and highlights the benefits of its adoption. The purpose of the study was to identify and evaluate practices and approaches of organisations toward the implementation of IIoT solutions in the packaging industry in Poland. Methods: The results are based on non-sensitive quantitative data collected with the use of a survey questionnaire method and CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interview) as a data collection technique. Participants completed anonymous survey questionnaires, with responses analysed collectively without the identification of individuals. No continuous tracking or observation methods were used, and the data did not include personal information such as health, genetics, beliefs, or political views. Results: The results reveal that companies within this industry are not early adopters of IIoT, but they are rather digitally immature, with a poor degree of IIoT implementation, poor degree of quality systems digitisation, and no plan towards transformation to enterprise systems such as MRP, ERP, or CRM. The application of IIoT has potential for improvement. The paper outlines the analysis of organisational culture in terms of supporting innovation and continuous improvement, showing that the level of support is moderate, however, the bigger company is, the more supporting the organisational culture it has. Conclusions: Data reveal that the application of IIoT solutions in the packaging industry in Poland is still not very common. Poor adoption of IIoT may be related to fear of technology, budgetary issues, or lack of qualified staff. Although digitisation already changed the software and the hardware side of organisations, most of them are not digitally mature enough to be able to take advantage of the fourth industrial revolution, which can be a strategic advantage for early adopters.

2

The performance of IIoT communication standards

Walczak Maciej, Hetmańczyk Mariusz

Diagnostyka

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2023

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Vol. 24, No. 3

art. no. 2023307

EN

The requirements of Industry 4.0 determine the necessity to change thinking in the field of production development, adopted management methods and modernisation of production resources. When planning the implementation of a new production system (or retrofit), it is possible to use the RAMI 4.0 reference model, which was published in April 2015 by the VDI/VDE Society Measurement and Automatic Control. A key aspect of modern industrial systems is connectivity and trouble-free data exchange. In the case of data exchange, the basic element holding back the development of Industry 4.0 is the lack of standardisation, as well as the lack of interoperability between IIoT network nodes. Modern IIoT applications require high network throughput, low latency and reliability. In view of such guidelines, efficient communication standards and specialised equipment are required. Edge Computing is one of the most important technology trends of the 21st century that will play a key role in the IIoT market. Due to the diversity of available technologies and solutions, no universal standards have been developed to date that can be referred to when planning, building and implementing new applications. The article presents an overview of the most popular industrial communication protocols and their systematisation in terms of meet the requirements for IIoT devices.

3

Enhancing Intrusion Detection in Industrial Internet of Things through Automated Preprocessing

Sezgin Anıl, Boyacı Aytuğ

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2023

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Vol. 17, no 2

120--135

EN

Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is a rapidly growing field, where interconnected devices and systems are used to improve operational efficiency and productivity. However, the extensive connectivity and data exchange in the IIoT environment make it vulnerable to cyberattacks. Intrusion detection systems (IDS) are used to monitor IIoT networks and identify potential security breaches. Feature selection is an essential step in the IDS process, as it can reduce computational complexity and improve the accuracy of the system. In this research paper, we propose a hybrid feature selection approach for intrusion detection in the IIoT environment using Shapley values and a genetic algorithm-based automated preprocessing technique which has three automated steps including imputation, scaling and feature selection. Shapley values are used to evaluate the importance of features, while the genetic algorithm-based automated preprocessing technique optimizes feature selection. We evaluate the proposed approach on a publicly available dataset and compare its performance with existing state-of-the-art methods. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms existing methods, achieving high accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. The proposed approach has the potential to enhance the performance of IDS in the IIoT environment and improve the overall security of critical industrial systems.

4

A holistic study on the use of blockchain technology in CPS and IoT architectures maintaining the CIA triad in data communication

Bhattacharjya Aniruddha

International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science

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2022

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Vol. 32, no. 3

403--413

EN

Blockchain-based cyber-physical systems (CPSs) and the blockchain Internet of things (BIoT) are two major focuses of the modern technological revolution. Currently we have security attacks like distributed denial-of-service (DDoS), address resolution protocol (ARP) spoofing attacks, various phishing and configuration threats, network congestion, etc. on the existing CPS and IoT architectures. This study conducts a complete survey on the flaws of the present centralized IoT system’s peer-to-peer (P2P) communication and the CPS architecture’s machine-to-machine (M2M) communication. Both these architectures could use the inherent consensus algorithms and cryptographic advantages of blockchain technology. To show how blockchain technology can resolve the flaws of the existing CPS and IoT architectures while maintaining confidentiality, integrity, and availability (the CIA triad), we conduct a holistic survey here on this topic and discuss the research focus in the domain of the BIoT. Then we analyse the similarities and dissimilarities of blockchain technology in IoT and CPS architectures. Finally, it is well understood that one should explore whether blockchain technology will give advantages to CPS and IoT applications through a decision support system (DSS) with a relevant mathematical model, so here we provide the DSS with such a model for this purpose.

5

Integracja zarządzania zasobami technicznymi oraz energetycznymi budynków inteligentnych z zastosowaniem BIoT

Sroczan Eugeniusz

Wiadomości Elektrotechniczne

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2021

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R. 89, nr 5

25--30

PL

Struktury i funkcje instalacji inteligentnych w budynkach decydują o zakresie funkcjonalności instalacji ich wyposażenia technicznego. Obiekty budowlane coraz częściej są zasilane z inteligentnej sieci zasilającej niskiego napięcia. Uwzględnienie zasilania budynku prosumenta z mikrosieci narzuca pewne wymagania dotyczące systemów monitorowania obciążenia instalacji budynkowych (elektrycznych, HVAC) oraz ich ekonomicznego sterowania wspomaganego przez układy integrujące zarządzanie pobieraną/oddawaną do sieci energią elektryczną i ewentualnie magazynowaną energią cieplną. Pewne właściwości integratora instalacji technicznych budynku udostępniane są przez chmurę (przez Wi-Fi oraz sieć Internetu 4G i 5G) i związane z tym funkcje realizowane przez BIoT (Building Internet of Things) i IIoT (Industry Internet of Things).

EN

The structures and functions of inteligent installations in buildings determine the functional scope of their technical equipment. Building facilities are increasingly being supplied from a low-voltage smart grid. Taking into account the power supply of the prosumer’s building from the micro-grid imposes certain requirements on the load monitoring systems of the building installations (electrical and HVAC) and their economic control supported by systems integrating the management of the electrical energy input/output and possibly of the thermal energy stored. Certain features of the building technical systems integrator are made available by the „Cloud” (via WiFi and the 4G and 5G Internet network) and the related functionalities implemented/realised by BIoT (Building Internet of Things) and IIoT (Industry Internet of Things).

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Pneumatyka napędzana Przemysłowym Internetem Rzeczy (IIoT) w przemyśle spożywczym oraz w procesie produkcji napojów

Patel Amit

Napędy i Sterowanie

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2021

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R. 23, nr 10

70--71

PL

Pneumatyka nie bez powodu zawsze była często wybieranym rozwiązaniem w zastosowaniach w przemyśle spożywczym i napojowym. Systemy pneumatyczne są niezawodne, bezpieczne i łatwe w konserwacji. Łączą w sobie cechy konstrukcyjne, które poprawiają wydajność i potencjalnie obniżają koszty.

7

Model zużycia energii dla węzłów sieci 6TiSCH w paśmie SUB-GHz

Kubaszek Mateusz, Macheta Jan, Krzak Łukasz, Worek Cezary, Zawora Szymon

Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

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2019

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nr 7

553--556, CD

PL

Standard IEEE 802.15.4-TSCH (ang. Time Slotted Channel Hopping) definiuje warstwę fizyczną oraz warstwę łącza dla sieci LLN (ang. Low Power and Lossy Network) dopasowaną do rozwiązań IIoT (ang. Industrial Internet of Things). Powstający na jego bazie standard 6TiSCH (ang. IPv6 over TSCH), integrując się z klasycznym stosem internetowym, staje się funkcjonalnym rozwiązaniem dla przemysłowych sieci sensorowych. W artykule zaprezentowano model opisujący zużycie energii węzłów w sieci 6TiSCH, zaadaptowanej do pracy w paśmie 863-870 MHz. Model opiera się na danych pomiarowych pochodzących z implementacji stosu na autorskich modułach radiowych.

EN

IEEE 802.15.4-TSCH (Time Slotted Channel Hopping) standard defines the physical and link layer for LLNs (Low power and Lossy Network) suitable for IIoT (Industrial Internet of Things) solutions. The 6TiSCH (IPv6 over TSCH) standard created on its basis, that integrates with a classical Internet stack, becomes a functional solution for industrial wireless sensor networks. This article presents an energy consumption model for the 6TiSCH network nodes, operating in the 863-870 MHz band, based on measurements taken with an implementation of the stack on custom radio modules.

8

Synchroniczna, niskomocowa bezprzewodowa sieć sensorowa do monitorowania przemysłowych procesów produkcyjnych

Macheta Jan, Kubaszek Mateusz, Krzak Łukasz, Worek Cezary, Zawora Szymon

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2019

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R. 95, nr 9

131--135

PL

W artykule przedstawiono najważniejsze cechy standardu IEEE 802.15.4-TSCH oraz opisano metodę adaptacji stosu komunikacyjnego, tworzonego przez grupę roboczą IETF 6TiSCH do wymagań środowiska przemysłowego w paśmie sub-GHz. Przedstawiono również dwa rodzaje modułów radiowych dopasowanych do różnych aplikacji, które mogą być zastosowane w monitorowaniu procesów produkcyjnych i zużycia mediów, oraz budowę toru radiowego pozwalającą na spełnienie rygorystycznych wymagań kategorii 1 wg ETSI.

EN

The article presents the key characteristics of IEEE 802.15.4-TSCH standard, and adaptation of IETF 6TiSCH network stack to the industrial requirements in sub-GHz bands. The article also presents two radio modules suited for various application requirements, that can be used in monitoring of industrial production processes and media usage, and describes their RF circuits that conforms with ETSI Category 1 device requirements.