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Transeuropejska droga wodna przez Polesie a kwestia jego osuszenia w II Rzeczpospolitej

Łotysz S.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2018

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R. 63, nr 1

7--37

EN

The reclamation of the Pinsk marshes, as envisaged in interwar Poland, was one of the most ambitious national investment projects of the era. The plan was closely linked with the concept of a trans-European waterway running through Polesie, that was also being contemplated around that time. The latter project was embedded in a larger discussion about Poland’s inland navigation. Eventually, neither of these projects were finalized or even begun, before the second world war broke out. This paper analyses the discourse that took place on both issues, with a particular focus on their inevitable intersection. While describing the political background of this discourse, the article reconsiders the role of the engineers as the principal, sometimes overlooked, players in these processes. This research was supported by the National Science Centre, Poland, Grant No. 2015/19/B/HS3/03553

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Wybrane mniejszości narodowe a poziom bezpieczeństwa II Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej

Waszak M.

Roczniki Studenckie Akademii Wojsk Lądowych

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2017

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R. 1

69--78

PL

Artykuł stanowi próbę analizy wpływu wybranych mniejszości narodowych na poziom bezpieczeństwa II Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. W artykule główną tezą było, że w okresie międzywojennym mniejszości narodowe stanowiły największe zagrożenie dla bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego Polski. W wielonarodowym państwie dominowali przede wszystkim Ukraińcy, Białorusini, Żydzi, Niemcy i Litwini. Działania mniejszości w różnym stopniu wpływały na nowo powstałe państwo polskie. Jednakże, najczęściej przybierały one charakter działań antypolskich, destabilizujących sytuację Polski w latach 1918-1939.

EN

This article attempts to analyze the impact of selected national minorities on the level of security of the Second Polish Republic. In the article the main thesis was that in the period between the wars national minorities constituted the greatest threat to Poland's internal security. The Ukrainians, Belarussians, Jews, Germans and Lithuanians dominated the multinational state. The activities of minorities influenced the newly created Polish state to a varying degree. However, most often they took on the nature of anti-Polish activities destabilizing the situation of Poland in 1918-1939.

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Konkurs 1928 roku na projekty cerkwi prawosławnych w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej: w poszukiwaniu nowej identyczności architektonicznej

Rychkov P., Mykhaylyshyn O.

Budownictwo i Architektura

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2013

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Vol. 12, nr 4

189--204

PL

Przebywanie ziem polskich w Imperium Rosyjskim uwarunkowało intensywne budownictwo cerkiewne w stylu „moskiewsko-bizantyjskim”. Po odrodzeniu II Rzeczypospolitej w 1918 r. nowe władze podejmują próby sformułowania takich „terapeutycznych” trendów dla architektury cerkiewnej, które nie miałyby żadnych symbolicznych skojarzeń z imperialną sztuką budowaną. W tym celu, w r. 1927 ogłoszono konkurs na projekty przyszłych cerkwi prawosławnych z nowymi wymogami funkcjonalnymi i kompozycyjnymi. W artykule omówiono warunki tego konkursu i jego wyniki.

EN

Staying of Polish lands in the Russian Empire was accompanied by active construction of Orthodox churches in “Moscow-Byzantine” style. After regeneration of II Rzeczpospolita its authorities try to generate such new trends in church architecture, which would not have symbolic associations with imperial building art. With this purpose in 1927, it was announced competition for the projects of future Orthodox churches with new functional and compositional requirements. The article discusses the conditions of this competition and its results.

4

Ostatnia walka żołnierzy II Rzecypospolitej

Niedziela Szymon

Wiedza Obronna

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2009

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nr 1

111--127

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Konieczność reform agrarnych w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej (1918-1939)

Konopka K.

Ekonomia i Zarządzanie

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2009

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Vol. 1, no. 1

7-19

EN

In order to raise the national economy after the war destructions, the Government of the Polish Republic introduced, among others, agricultural reforms. The reforms aimed at optimization of size of peasant farms to increase production of foodstuff to supply the whole nation.

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Kadra Sił Zbrojnych III Rzeczypospolitej w poglądach przedstawicieli środowisk wojskowych i politycznych Polskiego Państwa Podziemnego

Ślipiec J.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2007

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nr 4(69)

250-268

EN

The author comments in his article on the publication entitled “The Armed Forces of the Third Polish Republic. Thoughts and Considerations” which was written in 1943 and is a valuable source of Polish military thought in the time of German occupation. The main idea of the article is to present the questionnaire respondents’ viewpoints on “Polish Armed Forces Spiritual Face”. The presentation was conducted according to approved research postulates, the main aim of which was to answer the question what the Polish Armed Forces' cadre of the Third Polish Republic was to be like. Analysing the opinions in these areas, the author made their synthesis and generalisation. Conclusions drawn from this analysis and included in the final part of the article state that the cadre of the future Polish Army were to be prepared to meet the total war demands and perform the duties of not only waging the war but also preparing the society to the war. They were also to participate in war planning and implementing various military operations’ variants developed in peacetime. The members of professional cadre and reserve corps were supposed to show good professional and general preparation. One of conditions to increase the cadre’s intellectual level was to achieve appropriate educational status to be ensured by well organised education system. Moreover, another cadre’s characteristic should be a high moral attitude. As the armed forces’ avangarde the military cadre should adopt apolitical attitudes in order to prevent breaking the internal homogeneity of the armed forces. Mutual relations between the corps, based on hierarchy and military disciple principles, were to safeguard the armedforces’ internal unity.

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Wybrane elementy wojskowego ustawodawstwa emerytalnego Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej

Żarkowski P. A.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2000

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nr 1(38)

308-315

EN

Retirement law has always raised great social interest. It results largely from the fact that it has an immediate tie with a certain social group’s economic situation. In this aspect it refers to professional soldiers and it meets a special respond in his milieu. It concerns a social group that in the name of supreme aims decided to dedicate their health, and sometimes life in the service for the Home Country. It will be interesting to present selective elements of military retirement laws binding in the Second Republic of Poland from the historical point of view. Although the pensions depended on the economic situation of the state, the armed forces, professional cadre in particular, were always treated with priority. Privileged positions of professional soldiers, both during their service and on the retirement, encouraged to a permanent bond with the army that was expressed by the interests coherence. On the one hand it guaranteed good conditions for the cadre, on the other, it reflected on the face of the army. The professional soldier whose life was guaranteed could wholly dedicate himself to the service.

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Metody zwalczania niemieckich służb specjalnych przez kontrwywiad Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej w początkowych latach niepodległości

Ćwięk H.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2000

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nr 1(38)

296-307

EN

The departments of interior and military affairs dealt with fighting against German special services after Poland regained its independence. The military counterintelligence posts worked on the influence of German espionage in the army and protected this resort’s secrets. Civilian bodies often played a typically executive role as the counterintelligence operations’ command was in military hands. The counterintelligence bodies, in the framework of their special services, observed and worked on people who had natural possibilities to conduct spy tasks. The essence of defence actions was to recognise the German intelligence influences and then to liquidate the spy networks. It was important to prepare agents to carry out special duties. The character features, level of intelligence, possibilities to perform certain tasks and motives of actions were taken into consideration. The motives of gaining agents were important as they created a kind of a bond in the time of co-operation. The most valuable sources of information were the agents who acted of ideological reasons, of high intelligence level and aware of certain aims. The counterintelligence posts developing special tasks tried to avoid scheme actions. Taking into account the possibilities of German secret services, they attempted to inspire them to certain endeavours.