Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Ochrona informacji sterującej w sieciach i systemach przemysłowych : propozycja podstaw edukacyjnych

Liderman Krzysztof

Przegląd Teleinformatyczny

|

2020

|

T. 8, Nr 1-4 (26)

3--30

PL

W artykule przedstawiono problematykę nauczania zagadnień bezpieczeństwa dla przemysłowych systemów sterowania. Po zwięzłym scharakteryzowaniu we wstępie sieci i systemów przemysłowych, w kolejnych punktach krótko opisano podstawowe dla tego obszaru problemowego normy i standardy (IEC 62443 oraz CIS Critical Security Controls for Effective Cyber Defense), framework MITRE ATT&CK oraz zbiór „dobrych praktyk” opublikowany przez Bundesamt für Sichercheit in der Informationstechnik.

EN

The paper considers the issue of ICS security teaching. A brief ICS characteristic is given in the introduction. Background chapters present basic norms and standards (e.g.: IEC 62443 and CIS Critical Security Controls for Effective Cyber Defense), framework MITRE ATT&CK, as well as a set of „best practices” published by Bundesamt für Sichercheit in der Informationstechnik. The considered problem under is based on these elements.

2

Risk assessment for industrial control systems quantifying availability using mean failure cost (MFC)

Chen Q., Abercrombie R. K., Sheldon F. T.

Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research

|

2015

|

Vol. 5, No. 3

205--220

EN

Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are commonly used in industries such as oil and natural gas, transportation, electric, water and wastewater, chemical, pharmaceutical, pulp and paper, food and beverage, as well as discrete manufacturing (e.g., automotive, aerospace, and durable goods.) SCADA systems are generally used to control dispersed assets using centralized data acquisition and supervisory control. Originally, ICS implementations were susceptible primarily to local threats because most of their components were located in physically secure areas (i.e., ICS components were not connected to IT networks or systems). The trend toward integrating ICS systems with IT networks (e.g., efficiency and the Internet of Things) provides significantly less isolation for ICS from the outside world thus creating greater risk due to external threats. Albeit, the availability of ICS/SCADA systems is critical to assuring safety, security and profitability. Such systems form the backbone of our national cyber-physical infrastructure. Herein, we extend the concept of mean failure cost (MFC) to address quantifying availability to harmonize well with ICS security risk assessment. This new measure is based on the classic formulation of Availability combined with Mean Failure Cost (MFC). The metric offers a computational basis to estimate the availability of a system in terms of the loss that each stakeholder stands to sustain as a result of security violations or breakdowns (e.g., deliberate malicious failures).

3

Geologic Time Scale 2004 – Why, How, and Where Next!

Gradstein F., Ogg J.

Volumina Jurassica

|

2006

|

Vol. 4, no. 1

167-168

EN

This lecture reviews Geologic Time Scale 2004 (Gradstein et al. 2004), constructed and detailed by 40 geoscience specialists, and indicates how it will be further refined. Since Geologic Time Scale 1989 by Harland et al. many developments have taken place: 1. Stratigraphic standardization through the work of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) has greatly refined the international chronostratigraphic scale. In some cases, traditional European-based stages have been replaced with new subdivisions that allow global correlation. 2. New or enhanced methods of extracting high-precision age assignments with more realistic uncertainties from the rock record. These have led to improved age assignments of key geologic stage boundaries and other global correlation horizons. 3. Orbital tuning has greatly refined the Neogene, and improved parts of Palaeogene and Mesozoic. 4. Statistical techniques of compiling integrated global stratigraphic scales within geologic periods. Anticipated advances to the Geologic Time Scale during the next 8 years include: • a geologically realistic Precambrian scale, and stages subdivision of the Ediacaran; • formal definition of all Phanerozoic stage boundaries; • orbital tuning of polarity chrons and biostratigraphic events for entire Cenozoic and Cretaceous; • a detailed database of high-resolution radiometric ages that includes “best practice” procedures, full error analysis, monitor ages and conversion; • resolving age dating controversies (e.g., zircon statistics and possible reworking) across Devonian/Carboniferous, Permian/Triassic, and Anisian/Ladinian boundaries; • improved and standardized dating of several “neglected” intervals (e.g., Upper Jurassic – Lower Cretaceous, and Carboniferous through Triassic); • detailed integrated stratigraphy for Upper Palaeozoic through Lower Mesozoic. The geochronological science community and ICS are focusing on these issues. A modified version of the time scale to accompany the standardization (boundary definitions and stratotypes) of all stages is planned for 2008 (to be presented at the 33th International Geologic Congress in Oslo), with a totally revised version of GTS available in 2012. At the same time ICS is closely working with the Commission for the Geological Map of the World (CGMW) to standardize stratigraphic nomenclature and the colour scheme for its units.

4

Normalizacja w Polsce

Leśmian-Kordas R., Drzewieniecka B.

Studia / Wyższa Szkoła Morska w Szczecinie

|

2000

|

nr 33

1-137

PL

W pracy przedstawiono zadania i cele normalizacji oraz przemiany w krajowym systemie normalizacyjnym po wprowadzeniu w Polsce Ustawy z dnia 3 kwietnia 1993 r. o normalizacji. Ustawa ta i wynikające z niej zmiany zostały zainspirowane przez przeobrażenia zachodzące w normalizacji międzynarodowej i w charakteryzującym się własnymi, odrębnymi cechami systemie normalizacyjnym, obejmującym kraje Unii Europejskiej. Na tle tych przeobrażeń, przedstawiono aktualną strukturę organizacyjną normalizacji krajowej, definicje, funkcje i rodzaje norm, nowe zasady ich opracowywania, wprowadzania i obowiązywania oraz innowacje w układzie i numeracji, wynikające z harmonizacji PN z normami międzynarodowymi (ISO, IEC) i europejskimi (EN). Podano też charakterystykę nowego rodzaju norm, zwanych "normami jakościowymi" oraz nowej międzynarodowej klasyfikacji norm, przyjętej również w Polsce. Zmiany w normalizacji krajowej, ujęte zostały w pracy w formie dyskusyjnej. Niezasadność niektórych postanowień znajduje potwierdzenie w opracowywanym projekcie nowej ustawy o normalizacji. Praca uzasadnia, że niezależnie od kontrowersyjności niektórych innowacji, w ostatnim dziesięcioleciu normalizacja międzynarodowa i krajowa ulega dynamicznemu rozwojowi.

EN

The work presents the task and aims of standardization and the transformations in the domestic standardization system after the Standardization Act of 3rd April 1993 was introducet in Poland. The Act and the alterations resulting therefrom were inspired by the transformations taking place in international and in the systems of European Union countries, characterized by their own, different features. Against the background of these transformations the following have been presented: the present organizational structure of domestic organization of standardization, definitions, functions and kinds of standarts, new rules for working them out, putting them into practice and making obligatory, as well as innovations in the layout and numbering resulting from harmonizing Polish Standarts with international (ISO, IEC) and European ones (EN). Features of the new kind of standarts, called 'quality standarts' have been presented,as well as the standarts classification, accepted also in Poland. Alterations in the domestic standarization have been expressed in the work in the form of a discussion. The groundlessness of certain resolutions is confirmed in the new standarization act project just being worked out. The work proves that in spite of certain innovations being controversial, in the last ten years international and domestic standardization has been subject to constant development.