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1

Study of the location of a heliport in Catalonia

Alonso César Montañés

GIS Odyssey Journal

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2022

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Vol. 2, no. 2

159--177

EN

The objective of this project is to identify one or several municipalities in Catalonia that, after considering the above factors, have the potential to serve as a location for a heliport. Throughout the enterprise's site selection process, ArcMap 10.8 geographic information system (GIS) technologies are employed. All of the layers of information used, the layers of analysis, and the multiple approaches used are all described. This section of the investigation closes with an examination of three potential communities for a new heliport.

2

Safety Management System in aviation: comparative analysis of safety management system approaches in v4 countries

Kešeľová Michaela, Blišťanová Monika, Hanák Peter, Brůnová Ľubomíra

Management Systems in Production Engineering

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2021

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nr 3 (29)

208--214

EN

The article aims to support the Safety Management System's implementation in the Visegrad Four (V4) countries by introducing supporting documentation at the national level or national legislation. The research subjects are the V4 countries (Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia), where 39 air carriers operate. Safety management in today's world is already necessary, yet introducing a Safety Management System (SMS) is voluntary in many areas, including some transport modes. In air transport, it is mandatory, and the general principles and guidelines of this system are set out in the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), which has issued several regulations and recommendations. The lists of ICAO standards and essential translations can be considered a minimum, which is also approached by different authorities. The article points out the primary differences in SMS in individual V4 countries and presents which country provides the strongest support in implementing this system.

3

Challenges for integration of remotely piloted aircraft systems into the European sky

Zieliński T., Marud W.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2019

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z. 102

217--229

EN

Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) are widely used in the civil sphere. They offer capabilities predisposed them to be employed by state services in ensuring security and public order, as well as in commercial activities. It should be assumed that the number of RPAS users will grow in geometric progression. It also applies to the European Union, where the market of RPAS is considered to be one of the most prospective in the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. This situation generates specific problems that should be solved in order to develop the RPAS’ market without limitations as a part of the European aviation system. The final state should be full integration of RPAS into the European aviation system, to conduct flight operations in non-segregated airspace without additional administrative constraints. Some efforts have been made to achieve this ambitious goal in the European Union. The paper summarises the current status of the legal framework and projects connected with the integration of RPAS into the European airspace. It is mainly based on qualitative analysis of source materials. The purpose of the paper is to identify key problem areas, the solution of which will contribute to the integration of RPAS into the European civil aviation system. An analysis of normative documents functioning in the European Union (EU) relating to RPAS has been carried out. In particular, the European Commission (EC) documents and regulations related to RPAS proposed by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) have been taken into account. Three crucial areas have been identified as challenges for the integration of RPAS into the European civil aviation system. Firstly, general concepts of integration of Remotely Piloted Aircraft into the European airspace including the development of the U-space concept. Secondly, the field of legal regulations, without which the functioning of RPAS as a part of the European aviation system is impossible. In this context, it is justified to continue the implementation of the Roadmap for the integration of civil Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Systems into the European Aviation System proposed by the EC in 2013. Also relevant are the EASA proposals for categorising RPAS and conducting flight operations based on the risk approach which is a new solution. The discussion may be triggered due to by-pass of all regulatory competencies to EASA, without taking into account the specificity of the national systems. Thirdly, the societal field. Full integration of RPAS into the European civil aviation system requires social acceptance for air operations involving RPAS. Despite the undeniable social benefits of RPAS utilisation, in particular in ensuring security and public order, it will be necessary to address issues related to the perception of RPAS by the public, including privacy and data protection, law enforcement associated with the application of RPAS, third-party liability and insurance requirements of RPAS.

4

Wybrane aspekty oceny zgodności opakowań stosowanych w lotniczym transporcie biologicznych czynników zakaźnych w sytuacji istnienia różnic uregulowań prawnych w państwach Sojuszu Północnoatlantyckiego

Kucharek Daniel

Problemy Jakości

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2019

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R. 51, nr 6

21--26

PL

Wojskowy transport powietrzny biologicznych czynników zakaźnych, w tym również stosowanie opakowań zabezpieczających, jest organizowany na podstawie przepisów o przewozie materiałów niebezpiecznych, które zostały wydane przez Organizację Międzynarodowego Lotnictwa Cywilnego (International Civil Aviation Organization – ICAO). Określają one wszystkie aspekty przewozu materiałów zakaźnych przez statki powietrzne Sił Zbrojnych RP. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza wymagań konstrukcyjnych w zakresie opakowań wykorzystywanych do transportu lotniczego biologicznych czynników zakaźnych. W jej efekcie wskazane zostaną ewentualne uproszczenia uregulowań stosowanych przez lotnictwo wojskowe w sytuacjach kryzysowych. Na podstawie analizy literatury przedmiotu, a głównie obowiązujących krajowych i międzynarodowych uregulowań lotniczych, została podjęta próba wskazania jakości konstrukcyjnej opakowań oraz ich możliwości wykorzystywania przez siły lotnicze NATO. Niniejszy artykuł może zatem stanowić podstawę do podjęcia prac nad wdrożeniem dokumentu doktrynalnego nie tylko w Siłach Zbrojnych RP, ale również w całym Sojuszu Północnoatlantyckim, normujących poruszaną problematykę, a także całokształt transportu materiałów niebezpiecznych wojskowymi statkami powietrznymi.

EN

According to the current military regulations, air transport of biological infectious agents is organized in accordance with the regulations on the transport of hazardous materials, issued by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). However, it is necessary to analyse the existing decisions made by Minister of National Defence by asking the question: Whether due to the nature of the mission that can be performed by the Polish Armed Forces, very strict transport regulations for carrying biological infectious agents by military airplanes should not allow significant deviations from civil aviation procedures. The purpose of the following article is to present the current regulations on packaging required for air transport of biological infectious agents and to indicate possible exemptions for military aviation. On the basis of the literature review and analysis of applicable national and international aviation regulations, an attempt was made to indicate the quality of packaging, which should be used for the transport of infectious materials by military aircraft. As a result, this article may therefore be the basis for undertaking work on the implementation of a doctrinal document in the Polish Armed Forces, regulating not only the issues raised, but the whole transport of hazardous materials by military aircraft.

5

Platforma pomiarowa do badania jakości działania lamp lotniskowych

Suder Jakub, Maciejewski Piotr, Podbucki Kacper, Marciniak Tomasz, Dąbrowski Adam

Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka

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2019

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R. 23, nr 2

5--13

PL

W artykule przedstawiono opracowaną platformę pomiarową do badania jakości działania lamp lotniskowych. Urządzenie zostało skonstruowane w formie przyczepy dostosowanej do ciągnięcia przez samochód służb lotniskowych. Czujniki pomiarowe zabudowano jako matryce umieszczone pod spodem platformy, pod osłoną z gumy. Praca systemu jest nadzorowana przez mikrokomputer. Wyniki badania można obserwować na wbudowanym ekranie a także, dzięki transmisji bezprzewodowej, za pomocą urządzenia mobilnego. Weryfikację poprawności działania urządzenia przeprowadzono zarówno w warunkach laboratoryjnych, jak i podczas testów na drodze startowej oraz drogach kołowania Portu Lotniczego Poznań-Ławica.

EN

The paper presents a developed measurement platform for testing the quality of airport lamps. The device was built in the form of a trailer for pulling through the airport service car. The sensor matrixes are placed under the platform under the rubber cover. The system’s operation is supervised by a microcomputer. The measurement results can be observed on the built-in screen, as well as, thanks to wireless transmission, by means of a mobile device. Verification of the correct operation of the device was carried out both in laboratory conditions and during tests on the runway and taxiways of the Poznań-Ławica Airport.

6

Application of the DGPS method for the precise positioning of an aircraft in air transport

Krasuski K, Ćwiklak J.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2018

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z. 98

65--79

EN

This article presents research results concerning the determination of the position of a Cessna 172 aircraft by means of the DGPS positioning method. The position of the aircraft was recovered on the basis of P1/P2 code observations in the GPS navigation system. The coordinates of the aircraft were designated due to the application of the Kalman forward-filtering method. The numerical calculations were conducted using RTKLIB software in the RTKPOST module. In the scientific experiment, the authors used research materials from the test flight conducted by a Cessna 172 aircraft in the area of Dęblin in the Lublin Voivodeship in south-eastern Poland. The research experiment exploited navigation data and GPS observation data recorded by the geodetic Topcon Hiper Pro receiver mounted in the cockpit of the Cessna 172 and installed on the REF1 reference station. The typical accuracy for recovering the position of the Cessna 172 with the DGPS method exceeds in the region of 2 m. In addition, the authors specify the parameters of availability, integrity and continuity of GNSS satellite positioning in air navigation. The obtained findings of the scientific experiment were compared with the International Civil Aviation Organization’s (ICAO’s) technical standards.

7

Accuracy assessment of aircraft positioning by using the DGLONASS method in the GBAS system

Krasuski K., Ćwiklak J., Grzesik N.

Journal of KONBiN

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2018

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No. 45

97--124

EN

The paper presents the accuracy results of aircraft positioning using the DGLONASS method in the GBAS augmentation system in air transport. In the research test, the coordinates of Cessna 172 aircraft were recovered on the basis of the DGLONASS technique. The calculations were executed in RTKLIB software in RTKPOST library in module "DGPS/DGNSS". The raw GLONASS data from the onboard Topcon HiperPro receiver and also from the REF1 physical reference station were utilized in the research test. In the paper, the standard deviations of aircraft coordinates and integrity HPL and VPL parameters were presented and described. In the paper, the obtained aircraft coordinates from the DGLONASS method were compared and verified with the DGPS solution. For this purpose, the RMS-3D term and difference of ellipsoidal height of aircraft were estimated in the paper. The average value of RMS-3D equals to 1.71 m, however the difference of ellipsoidal height amounts to 1.46 m, respectively.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia rezultaty dokładności pozycjonowania samolotu z użyciem metody DGLONASS w systemie wspomagania GBAS w transporcie lotniczym. W teście badawczym odtworzono współrzędne samolotu Cessna 172 na podstawie rozwiązania DGLONASS. Obliczenia wykonano w programie RTKLIB w bibliotece RTKPOST w module „DGPS/DGNSS”. Surowe dane GLONASS z pokładowego odbiornika Topcon HiperPro i fizycznej stacji referencyjnej REF1 zostały wykorzystane w teście badawczym. W pracy przedstawiono i opisano odchylenia standardowe współrzędnych samolotu oraz poziomy wiarygodności HPL/VPL. W artykule dokonano porównania i weryfikacji uzyskanych współrzędnych samolotu z rozwiązania DGLONASS oraz DGPS. W tym celu w artykule wyznaczono parametr RMS-3D oraz różnicę wysokości elipsoidalnej samolotu. Wartość średnia parametru RMS-3D wynosi 1.71 m, zaś odpowiednio różnica wysokości elipsoidalnej samolotu wynosi 1.46 m.

8

Results of aircraft positioning tests in post-processing using the GNSS

Jafernik H., Fellner A., Mrozik M., Krasuski K.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2017

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z. 95

67--74

EN

In this paper, the results of an aircraft’s positioning in aviation during two flight tests are presented. The aircraft’s position was established using GPS data with a sample rate of 1 s in both experiments. The raw GPS data were collected by a Topcon Hiper Pro receiver, which was installed in the pilot’s cabin of a Cessna aircraft. The aircraft’s coordinates in the BLh geodetic frame were determined using the single point positioning (SPP) method in gLAB software. The mathematical algorithm for the aircraft’s coordinates are also described in the article. The typical standard deviations for the aircraft’s coordinates were less than 10 m in test I and less than 30 m in test II.

9

Application of the GLONASS code observations for the designation of coordinates of an aircraft in flight test mode: a case study

Krasuski K., Ćwiklak J.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2017

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z. 97

69--80

EN

The aim of this article is to present the results of GLONASS positioning in kinematic mode in air navigation. The flight experiment was conducted at Dęblin Airfield on a Cessna 172 aircraft. The aircraft position was recovered on the basis of the single-point positioning (SPP) method of the GLONASS code observations. The numerical computations of aircraft coordinates were executed in the RTKPOST library of the RTKLIB software. The standard deviations in aircraft position in a BLh geodetic frame were checked with the ICAO standards on civil aviation for the GLONASS system. The typical accuracy of aircraft positioning on the horizontal plane is better than 12 m, whereas, on a vertical plane, it is better than 17 m. In this paper, standard deviations in aircraft position were also compared with the theoretical accuracy of the non-precision approach (NPA) landing procedure for the GNSS system. In this paper, the MRSE parameter was also calculated during the flight test.

10

Wymagania konstrukcyjne opakowań wykorzystywanych do przewozu materiałów promieniotwórczych wojskowymi statkami powietrznymi

Kucharek D., Foltyn A.

Problemy Jakości

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2017

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R. 49, nr 8

30--36

PL

W Siłach Zbrojnych RP nie obowiązują obecnie uregulowania prawne (procedury), które normowałyby zasady transportu lotniczego substancji promieniotwórczych, w tym stosowania opakowań odpowiednich do istniejącego zagrożenia. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest wypełnienie – choć w części – istniejącej luki. Na podstawie analizy literatury przedmiotu, a głównie obowiązujących międzynarodowych uregulowań lotniczych, została podjęta próba wskazania jakości opakowań (wymagań konstrukcyjnych), które powinny być wykorzystywane do transportu materiałów promieniotwórczych przez wojskowe statki powietrzne. Niniejszy artykuł może więc stanowić podstawę do podjęcia prac nad wdrożeniem dokumentu doktrynalnego w Siłach Zbrojnych RP, normującego nie tylko poruszaną problematykę, ale całokształt transportu materiałów niebezpiecznych wojskowymi statkami powietrznymi.

EN

At present, the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland do not currently have legal procedures that would regulate the air transportation of radioactive materials, including the use of appropriate packaging according to the existing threat. The purpose of the following article is to partially fill the existing gap. Based on the analysis of the subject related literature, and the applicable international aviation regulations an attempt was made to specify the required quality of the packaging (constructional requirements) that should be used for the transportation of radioactive materials by military aircraft. As a result, this article may be considered as a base for undertaking work on the implementation of a doctrinal document in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland, which regulates not only the discussed issues but the whole transport of hazardous materials by military aircraft.

11

Theoretical Approaches for Safety Levels Measurements – Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT)

Kharchenko V., Bugayko D., Antonova A., Grigorak M., Pawęska M.

Logistics and Transport

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2017

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Vol. 34, No. 2

25--32

EN

The principles of civil aviation safety are considered. At present time, aviation is an ultra-safe system, (i.e. a system that experiences less than one catastrophic safety breakdown every one million production cycles). But, unfortunately, we can never state that aviation activities will be absolutely safe. In current conditions the increase of the civil aviation safety level is one of the principal objectives of the world air transport development. The paper pays special attention to the civil aviation threats and risks in the context of globalization processes. The investigation deals with problems of global implementation of Annex 19 to the Convention of the International Civil Aviation. Present research paper discusses new theoretical approaches to searching for methods to assess the “safety space” of civil aviation activity. Special attention is paid to an effective test, proposed by A. Wald.

12

Requirements for transport of dangerous goods

Jurak P., Rostas J., Urminsky T.

Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Sił Powietrznych

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2016

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Nr 4

33--40

EN

The article deals with the handling procedures for the transportation of dangerous goods by air. It also focuses on special training, certification, classification, packaging and labelling of the shipments. The small amount of dangerous goods is emphasized here in particular. The content of the article could be used as an introduction for airport and handling agents implementing the IATA and the UN (ICAO) standards and regulations.

13

Challenges of Aviation Personnel Training at Higher Educational Institutions

Polukhin A., Zarubinska I.

Logistics and Transport

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2014

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Vol. 24, No. 4

59--64

EN

The Ukrainian airlines’ fleet consists of civil aircrafts, 80 percents of which are manufactured abroad, in particular in the United States of America and in Western Europe. That is why it requires training of aviation specialists who perform maintenance operations of foreign and national modern aircrafts in accordance with the international standards. Principal aspects of national educational standards for aircrafts maintenance personnel training harmonization with EASA Regulations have been analyzed to show how to adjust the educational and training programs and curricula for training of aircrafts maintenance personnel according to Part-66 standards.

14

Wpływ meteorologicznej osłony lotnictwa cywilnego na bezpieczeństwo lotów w polskiej przestrzeni powietrznej

Bąkowski R.

Logistyka

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2011

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nr 6

PL

W opracowaniu poruszono zagadnienia dotyczące wpływu meteorologicznej osłony lotnictwa cywilnego na bezpieczeństwo lotów w polskiej przestrzeni powietrznej. Analizie poddano aspekty prawne i ekonomiczne oraz strukturę organizacyjną meteorologicznej osłony lotnictwa cywilnego. Przedstawiono poszczególne komórki organizacyjne świadczące usługi meteorologiczne dla lotnictwa wraz z najważniejszymi produktami meteorologicznymi niezbędnymi dla zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa żeglugi powietrznej. W końcowej części opracowania zwrócono uwagę na potrzebę i zasady funkcjonowania współpracy międzynarodowej w obszarze meteorologicznej osłony lotnictwa cywilnego.

EN

The study covers issues about the impact of meteorological services for civil aviation on the flights security in the Polish airspace. Legal and economic aspects were analyzed as well as organizational structure of meteorological support for civil aviation. Particular organizational units providing meteorological services for aviation were presented along with the most important meteorological products necessary for the safety of air navigation. The final part of the study highlighted the need for international cooperation in the domain of meteorological services for civil aviation and its governing principles.

15

Flight inspection of aircraft at the University of Zilina

Novák A., Kevický D.

Archives of Transport System Telematics

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2010

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Vol. 3, iss. 3

14-18

EN

This paper attempts to offer the reader a consistent overview of the flight inspection in the Slovak Republic and the centre of excellence of aviation at the University of Zilina. For the flight inspection, special items have to be taken into consideration when selecting the tested aircraft.