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1 Polish Journal of Ecology

1 2008

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Heavy metal accumulation, resistance and Physiological status of some epigeic and epiphytic lichens inhabiting Zn and Pb polluted areas

Pawlik-Skowrońska B., Wójciak H., Skowroński T.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2008

Vol. 56, nr 2

195-207

Heavy metal accumulation, physiological status and resistance against Zn and Pb were compared in lichens occurring in metalpolluted (Silesian Upland, S. Poland) and unpolluted (forest complex, NE Poland) areas. Sandy soil near Zn/Pb ore mine had significantly lower (5.35-times) metal content than dolomite-containing ground of mine tailing dump in polluted area (S. Poland). Metal contents in native lichens sampled from those sites followed the same pattern. Total Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu contents in native lichens recorded in two sites of Zn/Pb mining area varied broadly and were considerably higher than in lichens from a control unpolluted site. Independently of the sampling site, epiphytic lichens of higher surface to biovolume ratio (i.e. Candelariella Mull. Arg., Lepraria Ach.) accumulated much more metals (6.05 - 9.57 mg g[^-1] DW) than lichens of a lower ratio (e.g. 0.25 mg g[^-1]DW in Peltigera didactyla (With.) J.R.Laundon or 0.29 mg g[^-1] DW in some Cladonia Hill ex Browne). In general, the studied lichens accumulated metals in the following order: Zn>Pb>Cd=Cu, that was in agreement with the metal content in soils. However, Cladonia furcata (Huds.) Schrad. from tailing dump contained 2-fold more Pb than Zn. Internal Zn and Pb contents (non-exchangeable fraction) in the studied lichens ranged broadly from 17 to 90% of the total metal content. Phaeophytinisation quotients (PhQ), total chlorophyll contents and chl a/b ratios in the native lichens from polluted sites ranged 0.84 - 1.44; 0.514 - 4.858 mg g[^-1] DW and 2.09 - 5.56, respectively. Experimental exposure of selected species (Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl., Hypocenomyce scalaris (Ach.) Choisy, Lepraria elobata Tonsberg, L. incana (L.) Ach., sampled from the both polluted and unpolluted sites, to high doses of Zn[^2+] and Pb[^2+] (0.36 or 0.72 mmol g[^-1] DW) revealed higher resistance of lichens from the Zn/Pb-polluted sites than con-specific lichens from the unpolluted one. The resistance of epiphytic species from the polluted area to high doses of Zn[^2+] and Pb[^2+] increased as follows: H. physodes