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Influence of filtration bed structure on microorganisms development in the process of manganese and iron removal from water

Anielak A.M., Nowak R.

Environment Protection Engineering

2002

Vol. 28, nr 3-4

27-40

Five active materials, recommended for removing manganese from water, were investigated in the study: Purolite MZ-10, G-1, Birm, Hydrocleanit and Defeman. The investigation was carried out in dynamic conditions, using continuous running laboratory filter. Each working cycle of a filter lasted 48 hours and consisted of filtration, rinsing a filter bed and servicing. Results of dynamic research unambigously show that the effectiveness of the process of manganese removal from the water by beds depends on the kind of filtration mass, which makes the bed appropriate for development of water biocenosis. Removal of manganese and iron from water by mass G-1, Birm and Defeman is first of all controlled by the activity of such microorganisms as Naumaniella and Siderocapsa and not identified rods with the deposit of Mn(IV) in the form of lamella in central part or cellular wall.

Przebadano pięć mas aktywnych zalecanych do usuwania manganu z wody: Purolite MZ-10, G-1, Birm, Hydrocleanit i Defeman. Badania przeprowadzono w warunkach dynamicznych na laboratoryjnym filtrze o pracy ciągłej. Cykl pracy każdego z filtrów wynosił 48 godzin i składał się z filtracji wody, płukania złoża i czynności pomocniczych. Wyniki badań dynamicznych jednoznacznie wskazują, że efektywność usuwania manganu z wody na złożach zależy od rodzaju masy filtracyjnej, która stanowi odpowiednie podłoże do rozwoju biocenozy wodnej. Głównym czynnikiem decydującym o procesie usuwania manganu i żelaza z wody na masach G-1, Birm i Defemen jest aktywność mikroorganizmów Naumaniella i Siderocapsceae oraz bliżej niezidentyfikowanych pałeczek ze złogami soli Mn(IV) w postaci blaszki w centralnej części komórki lub w ścianie komórkowej

Uzdatnianie i dystrybucja wody w gminie Praszka w latach 1984-1998

Dębowski Z., Madeła M., Pawlicki E.

Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska

2001

T. 4, nr 1

73-80

W artykule przedstawiono sposób uzdatniania wody głębinowej oraz jej dystrybucję w latach 1984-1998. Woda surowa jest napowietrzana, filtrowana na złożu żwirowym, a następnie kierowana na złoże hydrocleanitu w celu podwyższenia jej twardości. Woda po dezynfekcji jest kierowana do zbiorników retencyjnych, a potem do sieci wodociągowej. Odbiorcami wody jest ludność zamieszkała w Praszce i sąsiednich wsiach oraz zakłady przemysłowe zlokalizowane na terenie gminy. Od roku 1991 zużycie wody przez przemysł oraz ludność zamieszkałą w Praszce stale maleje, co związane jest z oszczędnym jej zużyciem. Natomiast na wsiach zużycie wody zwiększa się w wyniku rozbudowy sieci wodociągowej. Całkowite zużycie wody w omawianym okresie zmalało dwukrotnie.

In this paper conditioning and distribution of groundwater in commune Praszka in years 1984-1998 were presented. The main water intake is localized in Kowale, where also is situated the water purification plant. The water treatment process is carried on with a typical technology for deep-water. The raw water is exploited from two water-bearing levels, from depths of 60 and 200 m. There are three wells on each water-bearing level. The raw water is characterised by high concentration of iron compounds. The water is soft and corrosive. The composition of analysed water was on the constant level. The raw water is aerationed, filtered on the gravelly deposit and then directed to the HYDROCLEANIT deposit. HYDROCLEANIT is the alkaline deposit, produced from dolomite, and it is consisted of calcium and magnesium oxides. The water is disinfected by sodium hypochlorite, with dose of 0.3 mgdj/dm3. After disinfection the water goes to the storage reservoir, and then to the water-pipe network. Users of the water are people living in Praszka and neighbouring villages and industry. The physico-chemical analyses of raw water showed that the water purification plant worked good during described period of time, according to Polish standards on drinking water quality. It was found that HYDROCLEANIT increases pH and concentration of calcium and magnesium in drinking water. It also caused removing of iron, manganese and aggressive carbon dioxide. The consumption of water in commune Praszka was changing during a period of fifteen years. In years 1984-1990 consumption of water was very high and was characterized by tendency to constant growing. Consumption of water achieved the highest level (1108 thousand m3/year) in 1990. However, some years later, in 1998 it was two times smaller and achieved 539 thousand m3/year. The consumption of water in the commune was stable in the years 1993-1998. Percentage portion of industry in the total consumption decreased from 50% in 1984 to 18.5% in 1998. Decreasing of water consumption by industry at described period was caused by more rational using of the water. Another situation was observed in villages where water consumption increased from 35 thousand m3/year to 145 thousand m3/year. It was caused by development of the water-pipe network. The data show that consumption of water in commune Praszka decreased during 1984--1998 years. The greatest influence on water consumption had installation of water-meters and changing the water management by industry. Although the consumption of water systematically has increased since 1990 in the country, the total consumption has still decreased.